With the rapid development of China's economy, the safe production of electrolytic aluminum is becoming increasingly prominent. It is particularly important for the production safety of the electrolytic aluminum industry to identify the hazards of electrolytic aluminum operation and find a practical and effective operational risk control method. A two-dimension hazard classification method and an evidence - based hazard identification framework are put forward. A process oriented hazard evolution and risk control method system is constructed, which provides a theoretical method for systematically investigating hazards, reducing risks and preventing and controlling accidents. Taking the molten aluminum explosion accident in an electrolytic workshop section as an example, the hazards were identified, the process from hazards to accident was analyzed by means of a fault tree, event tree and bow tie diagram, and a hazard evolution path was selected to set up safety measures to explain the feasibility of risk control methods.

In mining operations, the failure of a tailings storage facility (TSF) can result in a dangerous debris flow with high potential energy, leading to catastrophic damage including major loss of life, enormous economic losses, and serious environmental pollution. In this paper, to examine the causes, consequences, and measures against the TSF failure, a bow-tie failure analysis model is employed. As a combination of a fault tree and an event tree, the bow-tie model is an effective tool for studying TSF failure. For the design, construction, and operation stages of the life cycle of a TSF, there are three major analytical procedures adopted in this paper: identifying the causes and consequences of a failure; establishing the fault tree and event tree; and proposing targeted mitigation measures. The main conclusions are as follows. A total of 44 types of causes are identified in this study: 5 types at the design stage, 13 types at the construction stage, and 26 types at the operation stage. A total of 78 safety measures based on four levels are introduced, consisting of 9 measures at the design stage, 20 measures at the construction stage, and 49 measures at the operation stage. From the perspective of emergency response, four kinds of protective safety measures for the consequences of failure are put forward. Finally, the bow-tie model is applied to the 980 Gou TSF failure in China to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the model.

The fault tree (FT) is a practical graphical analysis model that describes how faults propagate in the system and how component failures can cause system failures. However, improper disposal of the tailings industrial system (TIS) will bring great risks to enterprises and individuals. Therefore, this study first faces the life cycle of TIS, builds a fault tree model of TIS failure and accident evolution based on evidence, and then establishes a failure prevention framework. Finally, this framework is applied to actual case studies to provide preventive measures.

In order to prevent accidents of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) more efficiently, it is necessary to find out the key hazards in the risk evolution network and take key measures. In this paper, taking tailings dam break accident as an example, the risk evolution complex network is established, and the network centrality analysis and network interference are implemented. The study results show that the key hazards in the risk evolution process of TSFs are some nodes with high betweenness centrality. In addition, based on laws, standards and norms, the accident prevention system of TSF are established. The system consists of four modules: risk perception, complex network construction, scene network division, and analysis of preventive measures. Through the system, the risk evolution network of TSFs can be divided into several accident scenes for analysis. On the basis of analyzing the key hazard, the corresponding key preventive measures are found out. This paper provides an effective method to control the key hazards of TSFs accidents, which improves the safety management efficiency of TSFs.

为解决尾矿库安全隐患及风险,应用基于证据(Evidence-based)方法和事故树分析模型,辨识并表征尾矿库事故影响因素、隐患及耦合状态,根据事件发生可能性、潜在后果严重性和受体暴露程度相关独立参数,给出尾矿库事故风险表征方法,建立尾矿库事故多情景、多阶段(3段)、多层次和多等级(4级)风险防控框架.结果 表明:对尾矿库5类事故(溃坝、漫顶、渗流、输送冒漏、库区扬尘)进行分析,得出基本事件或蛰伏隐患对尾矿库事故结构重要度或影响程度,给出尾矿库事故风险3维表征方法,并结合巴西布鲁马迪尼奥尾矿库进行实例应用,确定尾矿库风险等级(最高级4级),验证方法可行性与有效性.研究结果可为尾矿库减灾防灾提供理论支撑与实践指导.

Workplace accidents constitute a major problem worldwide and pose a threat to human life, the social economy, and the ecological environment. This study proposes a method of risk characterization to assess the risk of accidents. First, the concepts of likelihood, event intensity, and event exposure are proposed based on the energy transfer theory. Second, the factors influencing these concepts are identified through a statistical analysis of cases of accidents and used to develop the proposed method of risk evaluation. Third, a combination of Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory, the analytic hierarchy process, and the Euclidean distance method is used to develop the AHP-DS and ED-DS evidence theory models. Finally, experimental scenarios involving a storage facility for tailings and a section of converter steelmaking are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

With the continuous improvement of the rare earth’s international status, the status of rare Chinese earth has gradually become prominent all over the world. When China enjoys the advantages of large reserves of rare-earth resources, at the same time, Chinese rare-earth enterprises are lagging in technology and lacking innovation capabilities. The rare-earth industry is mainly concentrated on the separation and smelting process, which has an indelible impact on the ecological environment around the mine. Some scholars have carried out research on ecological restoration in mining areas, but there are few studies on interest subjects in ecological restoration work in mining areas, especially the research based on game theory is more scarce. This article constructs a trilateral evolutionary game model of the central, local governments, and mining enterprises. This article analyzes the impact mechanism of policy changes on the rare-earth mining industry and analyzes the three-party evolutionary game model by adjusting the values of external variables. The research shows that the central government’s subsidies to local enterprises, the central government’s performance evaluation to the government, the local government’s punishment to enterprises, and the local enterprise’s reproduction income are important factors that determine the evolution of the trilateral game. Therefore, the central government should strengthen the supervision of local governments and enterprises when formulating policies related to the rare-earth industry, and local governments should strengthen their own management and local environmental regulations.

In order to effectively promote the improvement of the national governance system and restore the negative externalities caused by the development of ionic rare earths. Taking the Longshe rare rarth mining area in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province as the research object, through questionnaire surveys, the residents' willingness to pay for the development of negative externalities in the development of ionic rare earths was found. It is calculated that the payment range is [205.16,302.85] yuan, and the negative externality loss of the entire mining area should be [1230.96,1817.10] yuan. Then, based on the correlation analysis between the characteristics of the interviewees and willingness to pay, it is found that the improvement of gender, age, education level, occupation and monthly income and other factors may positively affect the willingness to pay, and then propose the responsive Countermeasures to control the negative externalities of the development of ionic rare earths.

Rare earth supply and demand forecasting plays a crucial role in the development of the rare earth industry, but there are some problems in common prediction methods, such as big error and insufficient authenticity. Through the use of panel data analysis methods to predict and analyze international rare earth supply and demand can greatly improve the authenticity and reliability. Spatially analyze the positive correlation between international rare earth supply and national GDP, rare earth production, and rare earth imports, while negatively correlated with the price of rare earth. From the time analysis, the international rare earth consumption presents the general trend of decline. At the same time, the supply and demand forecast of rare earth in China is analyzed and compared and strive to provide an important reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of rare earth resources in China through the analysis of panel data.

为定量表征熔融金属作业安全状态,采用Safety Case,GSN方法,对熔融金属作业影响因素、生产周期、作业区段等进行安全性分析,构建1种基于证据的熔融金属作业Safety Case方法框架;在此基础上,基于证据理论,构建安全论证数学模型,提出熔融金属作业Safety Case方法.最后,以某熔融金属作业系统为实例,对其安全状态进行论证,得出该熔融金属作业系统安全状态量值及安全状态.结果表明该方法在熔融金属作业安全论证方面具有一定的可行性与有效性,可为熔融金属作业安全论证提供思路与方法.

In order to evaluate the risk and prevent the accidents of tailings storage facilities, a hazard identification and risk decision-making system for tailings storage facilities is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the evidence, such as laws, standards and accident cases, the system can identify the hazard in each stage of tailings storage facilities life cycle. Secondly, various detection equipment and sensors are used to monitor the hazard nodes, and then the complex network is used to describe and analyze the hazard nodes and their risk evolution process. On the basis of many simulations and attempts, the risk decision-making which is technically feasible, economically reasonable and socially acceptable is obtained. The system consists of four subsystems: hazard identification and monitoring subsystem, risk evolution and analysis subsystem, risk evaluation and decision-making subsystem. The system can analyze and evaluate the potential accidents and risk evolution of tailings storage facilities and make corresponding risk decisions according to different acceptable risk levels. It provides a new idea and method for the safety management of tailings storage facilities operations.

Accidents frequently occur in the operation of molten aluminum, resulting in heavy casualties and injuries, causing heavy losses of life and property to the state and the people. In this paper, four typical accidents including explosion, splash, tipping and leakage are taken as objects. Based on the method of risk assessment and characterization, likelihood, severity and exposure are comprehensively considered to construct a risk characterization model for operation of molten aluminum. Based on the above model, using 3Dmax, Unity3d and other tools to develop a hazard and risk characterization visualization system for molten aluminum operation with hazard identification and risk characterization functions. This system can reproduce the identification of hazards in molten aluminum operation and realize the quantitative characterization of typical accident risks, which is of great significance to the production safety of molten aluminum industry.

In the production process of electrolytic aluminum large-scale electrolyzers, the operating environment temperature is high and the current intensity is high. A large amount of heat radiation will appear in the production process, which is easy to cause damage to the electrolytic cell leakage Therefore, a neural network-based electrolysis is designed Aluminum tank condition diagnosis and decision system. It mainly includes the system structure design, Establishment of expert system knowledge base,Combined with real-world control systems, the system function and the realization of the four modules to realize the monitoring and diagnosis and emergency decision of the tank condition, and promote the information construction of the electrolytic aluminum enterprise.

The dynamic visualization system for risk characterization and accident evolution of molten metal operation takes steel smelting and electrolytic aluminum as scenes, taking the four typical accidents of explosion, spitting, tilting and leakage as the objects, 3Dmax+Substance Painter2 are used for modeling and mapping, and Unity3d+C# are used for development. The system consists of steel smelting and electrolytic aluminum subsystems, including the functional modules such as hazard & risk characterization, accident rehearsal, accident reconstruction, safety cognition, etc. It is expected to provide operators, managers and other relevant personnel with effective tools for accident evolution analysis, accident deduction analysis, and safety cognition, to reduce accidents.

In order to ensure the safety of molten metal operation and improve the efficiency of monitoring and early warning, molten metal hazards monitoring and early warning system is proposed based on convolutional neural network algorithm. The system utilizes image recognition technology such as behavior analysis, object detection and scene recognition. It consists of five functional modules: real-time monitoring, safety inspection, safety early warning, emergency rescue and information management. Equipped with AR helmet, the system demonstrates a wide potential for application in the field of safety management.

In order to solve the problems of traditional safety training in industrial field, such as boring content, no practical operation and no effective training quality evaluation method, a virtual training and ergonomics evaluation system for industrial production safety based on visible light communication is proposed. It includes 5 function modules: risk identification module, accident simulation module, emergency drill module and ergonomic evaluation module. In addition, this paper conducts a series of experiments to verify the feasibility and validity of using electrocardiograph (ECG) and skin temperature (SKT) data to reflect the training effect and quality in the ergonomics evaluation. The results show that the changes of ECG and SKT can reflect the cognitive load of trainees during training and they can be used to evaluate the safety training quality of trainees.

Today, early warning for molten metal splash accidents often uses artificial method. However, artificial early warning method has low monitoring efficiency and high risk, which has not met the safety needs nowadays. On the other hand, with the development of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, it is possible to realize automated integrated early warning. In this paper, from the two aspects of “parameter warning” and “behavior warning”, an integrated early warning system for molten metal splash accident based on Internet of Things was proposed. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the system architecture, system functions, and implementation methods. The system is intelligent and efficient, which can guarantee the safety of molten metal operations.

有限空间又被称为受限空间、密闭空间、封闭空间等.为了加强有限空间作业管理,降低事故发生概率,减少事故损失,各国制定了相应的标准及法规.本文主要研究我国原国家安全监管总局59号令《工贸企业有限空间作业安全管理与监督暂行规定》(以下简称"原总局59号令"),与美国、英国、加拿大、澳大利亚有限空间作业标准的差异,分析了有限空间定义、作业审批和许可、个人防护、人员培训、应急救援、建造设计以及作业适合性方面的差异,提出了对应对策与建议,对我国工贸行业有限空间作业管理及标准体系的建设具有参考意义.

The availability of rare earth elements became a global concern in 2010 when prices soared after China restricted exports of these metals. What measures can or should states or companies adopt to secure a supply of certain scarce resources where the control of the supply is dominated by only a few nations? This problem is becoming increasingly urgent in the case of rare earths because the global demand for these minerals continues to increase. We investigated the policy measures that countries that are major consumers of rare earths have taken when facing supply disruptions, including China, the European Union, Japan, and the United States. We found that strengthening research and development (R&D) and innovation became the first choice of these countries; in addition, market solutions helped to mitigate the supply risk. The supply disruption caused by China's restrictions on the export of rare earths in 2010 dissipated a year later; this was caused by recycling and more efficient use of these metals and by initial steps to create new sources or alternative products. This event illustrates that both R&D and innovation are the most important elements related to industrial success rather than administrative interventions.

As one of the three Double First-Class mining engineering programs to be built in China, the Mining Engineering program at the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) has been actively participated in the process of engineering education accreditation. Through such a process, a student-oriented system for achieving educational objectives has been built to ensure the quality of mining education and for graduates to meet educational requirements and social needs. The system is based on well-structured faculty, broadly designed curriculum and their core competencies. Such a system should also be continuously improved through in internal and external reviews and quality assurance mechanisms.