Background:Intrapelvic urethral strictures in male cats are challenging to manage. Standard perineal urethrostomy cannot address lesions within the pelvic canal, and alternative open surgical techniques carry high morbidity. Case description:A 5-year-old intact male domestic shorthair cat with concurrent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and polycystic kidney disease presented with a 7-day history of stranguria. Diagnostic imaging revealed a focal 1-mm stricture in the post-prostatic urethra. Procedure:Under fluoroscopic guidance, retrograde internal urethrotomy was performed using a 1.3 × 130 mm urethral microlancet via a dorsal approach. A self-expanding laser-cut nitinol stent (5.0 mm × 50 mm) was deployed across the stricture. A double-lumen balloon catheter was placed through the stent for 14 days to promote mucosal integration and prevent migration. Results:The procedure was completed in 30 min with no complications. Urethral patency was immediately restored. Follow-up cystoscopy at 7 and 14 days demonstrated progressive epithelial ingrowth and near-complete encapsulation of the stent without restenosis. The cat regained normal urination. Conclusion:This report describes the first successful use of microlancet internal urethrotomy combined with nitinol stenting for an intrapelvic urethral stricture in a cat. The technique offers a promising minimally invasive alternative to conventional urethrostomy in high-risk cases.

A 5-month-old male Maine Coon cat was presented to the hospital with persistent salivation for 2 weeks. Serum biochemistry showed markedly elevated levels of blood ammonia and bile acids. An abdominal computed tomography discovered a shunt from the left gastric to the left phrenic vein, and the right ureter was seen to descend to the level of L4 and L5 normally and then pass dorsally and medially to the caudal vena cava, thus forming a loop. The present case, in which a circumcaval ureter and a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt were diagnosed concurrently in a cat, was extremely rare and was subsequently confirmed by surgery. Based on the reviewed literature, this is the first case report of the concurrence of a circumcaval ureter and a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cat.

BackgroundThe mitral inflow spectral is expressed as two separate waves: early diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (E) and late diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (A) waves. When the heart rate (HR) increases and the diastolic time diminishes, the mitral flow pattern changes from EA-separation to EA-fusion. The E wave provides information about preload and diastolic function. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and non-invasive intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) based on color-M-mode echocardiography are two techniques established in recent years with good repeatability in cardiac function evaluation, especially diastolic.Hypothesis/objectiveWe hypothesize that IVPG and E/E’ are differentially influenced by mitral inflow patterns.AnimalsA total of 66 hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HTN-CM) induced by abdominal aorta coarctation and 33 sham-operated rats were divided into 6 groups according to trans-mitral flow patterns.MethodsConventional echocardiography, TDI, and IVPG sampling were performed on rats under general anesthesia with 2.5% isoflurane at 3 weeks after the operation. After code EA-separation = 1, EA-half-separation = 2, and EA-fusion = 3, Pearson’s correlation tests were performed.ResultsBoth E and E’ in EA-fusion (1.04 ± 0.13 and 7.65 ± 0.84) are higher than the EA-separation pattern in all rats (0.91 ± 0.10 and 5.51 ± 0.78, p < 0.001). The preload change has more impact on E’ than E (0.443 vs. 0.218, p < 0.001, respectively), which leads to decreased E/E’ in EA-fusion. Total IVPG and basal IVPG positively correlated with the mitral inflow pattern (0.265 and 0.270, p < 0.001), while mid-to-apical IVPG was not (0.070, p = 0.281).ConclusionThe mitral inflow pattern positively correlates with basal IVPG, E, and E’. Mid-to-apical IVPG was independent of mitral inflow patterns, while E/E’ tended to be lower when the mitral inflow pattern changed from EA-separation to EA-fusion.

Numerous studies have confirmed a close relationship between the pathogenicity of influenza and respiratory microbiota, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Also, the majority of these studies have been conducted on murine models, and it remains unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated from murine models to other animals. Considering that influenza A virus is increasingly recognized as an important canine respiratory pathogen, this study investigated the cross-talk between nasal and lung tissues mediated by microbes and its association with influenza susceptibility in a beagle dog model. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, combined with comparative transcriptomic, anatomical, and histological examinations, we investigated viral presence, gene expression profiles, and microbiota in the nasal cavity and lung after influenza infection in the beagles with antibiotic-induced nasal dysbiosis. Our data showed that dysbiosis of the nasal microbiome exacerbates influenza-induced respiratory disease and the epithelial barrier disruption, and impairs host antiviral responses in the nasal cavity and lung. Moreover, dysregulation of nasal microbiota exacerbates the influenza-induced disturbance in lung microbiota. Further, we also identified a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from canine nasal cavity with a significant antiviral effect in vitro, and found that its antiviral activity might be associated with the activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway and modulation of the impaired autophagy flux induced by influenza infection. Our investigation reveals that nasal microbiota dysbiosis exerts a prominent impact on host antiviral responses, inflammation thresholds, and mucosal barrier integrity during influenza infection. Lactobacilli, as part of the nasal microbiota, may contribute to host antiviral defenses by modulating the IFN and autophagy pathways. Collectively, this study underscores the importance of nasal microbiota homeostasis in maintaining respiratory health.

Background The respiratory tract houses a specialized microbial ecosystem, and despite the close anatomical and physiological ties between the oral, upper respiratory, and lower respiratory tracts, there is a substantial discrepancy in microbial quantity, spanning multiple orders of magnitude. The potential for commensal bacteria to prevent infection lies in their ability to regulate innate and adaptive host immune responses. Influenza virus predominantly targets and replicates within the epithelial cells of both upper and lower respiratory tracts. Given this, we hypothesize that the nasal-lung-microbe cross-talk plays a crucial role in influencing influenza susceptibility. In this study, we investigated viral presence, gene expression profiles of host, and the nasal and lung microbiota in a beagle dog model with antibiotic-induced nasal dysbiosis during influenza virus infection. Results In this study, using 16S rRNA sequencing, combined with comparative anatomy, transcriptomics and histological examination, we investigated viral presence, gene expression profiles of host, and the nasal and lung microbiota in influenza-infected beagles with antibiotic-induced nasal dysbiosis. Our data showed that dysbiosis of the nasal microbiome exacerbates influenza-induced respiratory disease and the epithelial barrier disruption, and impairs host antiviral responses in the nasal cavity and lung. Moreover, dysregulation of nasal microbiota worsens the influenza-induced disturbance in lung microbiota. Further, we identified one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with a significant antiviral effect, which is exerted by activating the IFN pathway and modulating the impaired autophagy flux induced by influenza virus. Our data collectively indicate a close connection between the microbiomes of different ecological niches in the nasal and lung regions. This connection significantly influences subsequent host-microbe cross-talk, which was associated with an increased susceptibility to influenza. Conclusions Our investigation reveals that nasal microbiota dysbiosis not only increases host susceptibility to influenza virus infection but also contributes to the exacerbation of influenza-induced lung microbiota dysregulation. This intricate relationship extends to the microbiome composition, demonstrating correlations with critical factors such as host antiviral responses, inflammation thresholds, and mucosal barrier integrity. Together, these findings underscore the substantial impact of nasal microbiota dysbiosis on the overall outcome during influenza infections.

旨在了解犬源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药现状.采集动物医院就诊犬鼻拭子样本,对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离、纯化及鉴定,并进行甲氧西林耐药基因mecA和耐药表型检测,同时分析影响携带率的相关因素.结果:共采集229份样品,其中犬鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌携带率为35.4％(81/229);该菌mecA基因检出率为23.5％(19/81).影响金黄色葡萄球菌携带率的因素有性别和年龄,未发现影响该菌携带mecA基因的因素.金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G耐药最严重(耐药率77.78％),对复方新诺明耐药较严重(耐药率为60.49％),对其余药物呈不同水平耐药性(耐药率6.17％-23.46％).以上结果说明,金黄色葡萄球菌在犬中较为流行,犬年龄和性别是影响其携带率的重要因素,同时这些菌株已呈较高耐药性,且存在mecA耐药基因,应加强对该菌流行情况及对兽医临床中抗生素使用的监测.

OBJECTIVE:Proper assessment of intraoperative abdominal incisional tension helps to select the appropriate sutures and suture method. Wound tension is usually thought to be associated with wound size, but few relevant articles have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the core factors influencing abdominal incisional tension and construct regression equations to judge incisional tension in clinical surgery.METHODS:Medical records were collected from clinical surgical cases at the Teaching Animal Hospital of Nanjing Agricultural University from March 2022 to June 2022. The data collected mainly included the body weight, and the incisional length, margin, and tension. The core factors affecting abdominal wall incisional tension were screened by correlation analysis, random forest analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.RESULTS:Although correlation analysis showed that multiple same and deep layer abdominal incision parameters and body weight were significantly correlated with abdominal incisional tension. However, the same layer of abdominal incisional margin had the largest correlation coefficient. In random forest models, the abdominal incisional margin had the main contribution to the prediction of the same layer's abdominal incisional tension. In the multiple linear regression model, all incisional tension could be predicted by the same layer of abdominal incisional margin as the only independent variable, except for canine muscle and subcutaneous. The canine muscle and subcutaneous incisional tension were binary regressions with the same layer's abdominal incision margin and body weight.CONCLUSION:The same layer's abdominal incisional margin is the core factor positively related to the abdominal incisional tension intraoperatively.

(1) Background: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a non-invasive method widely used in human medicine to assess the extent of liver fibrosis but only rarely applied to veterinary medicine. This study aimed to measure liver stiffness in healthy dogs and investigate the factors that impacted 2D-SWE measurement. (2) Methods: In total, 55 healthy dogs were enrolled and subjected to 2D-SWE measurements before and after anesthesia administration. Post-anesthesia 2D-SWE measurements and computerized tomography (CT) scans were obtained. (3) Results: The liver stiffness range in healthy dogs was 3.96 ± 0.53 kPa. In a stratified analysis based on confounding factors, liver stiffness was influenced by measurement site and anesthesia, but not by sex. No correlation was observed between liver stiffness and weight or liver CT attenuation. (4) Conclusions: 2D-SWE is feasible for liver stiffness measurement in dogs. Anesthesia and measurement site are sources of variability. Therefore, these factors should be considered while recording 2D-SWE measurements. Our data on liver stiffness in healthy dogs can serve as the basis for future studies on 2D-SWE to assess pathological conditions in dogs.

确定猫肾脏CT多期增强扫描最佳造影剂使用剂量、注射速率及延迟时间.选择不同剂量的碘海醇(350,400,450,500 mg I/kg)及注射速率(3,4 mL/s)对猫肾脏进行造影,动态扫描测量主动脉、肾皮质CT值,计算主动脉、肾皮质CT增强值(ΔCT),通过比较主动脉及肾皮质ΔCT的变化确定最佳造影条件.使用最佳造影条件对猫肾脏进行造影,动态扫描并绘制肾脏时间—密度曲线,统计肾皮质达峰时间TCP、肾皮质与肾髓质CT值相近的起始时间TNP、观察造影剂排泄至肾盂和膀胱的情况,并计算肾皮质达峰时间与注射时间的差值ΔTCP、肾皮质与肾髓质CT值相近的起始时间TNP与T注射的差值ΔTNP,最终确定各期最佳扫描延迟时间.试验结果表明:最佳造影剂剂量为450 mg I/kg、注射速率3 mL/s,该条件下主动脉及肾皮质ΔCT值较高.计算得出ΔTCP平均为11 s,ΔTNP平均为26 s,各期扫描延迟时间分别为:T皮髓期延迟=T注射+10s,T实质期延迟＝T注射+26 s,T排泄期延迟=2 min,T膀胱期延迟=4 min.按照上述条件可获得满意的猫肾脏CT多期增强扫描图像.

本试验旨在确定犬肝多期增强扫描造影剂使用剂量、注射速率及最佳延迟时间.选取不同的碘海醇剂量(500、575、650 mg·kg-1,以I含量计)及速率(2、3 mL·s-1)对犬进行造影,动态扫描,计算造影前后主动脉、门静脉、肝实质CT增强值,确定最佳造影剂剂量及注射速率.然后采用最佳造影剂剂量和注射速率对不同体型的犬进行造影,动态扫描后绘制时间-密度曲线,统计主动脉、门静脉、肝实质的达峰时间,计算达峰时间和注射时间的差值(△tAO/△tsp/△tL),确定各期最佳扫描延迟时间.研究结果显示,当采用575 mg·kg-1、3 mL·s-1的造影剂剂量和注射速率时得到的主动脉、门静脉、肝实质CT增强值较高,可获得较好的增强效果.通过时间-密度曲线分别计算小、中、大3种体型犬的△tAO分别为7、9、4 s,△tsp分别为21、23、17 s,△tL分别为41、44、34 s,各期最佳扫描延迟时间可用公式"注射时间+△tRoi—1/2扫描时间"计算得到.通过临床病例验证,本试验使用的造影剂剂量(575 mg·kg-1)、注射速率(3 mL·s-1)及延迟时间("注射时间+△tAo/△tsp/△tL-1/2扫描时间")临床效果较好,可应用于犬肝疾病的CT造影检查.

Background:Uremic cardiomyopathy (UC), the main cause of death in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterized by diastolic dysfunction. Intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) derived from color m-mode echocardiography (CMME) and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) were established as novel echocardiographic approaches for non-invasive and repeatable assessment of cardiac function. Previously, salvianolic acid B (Sal B) showed the potential to alleviate concentric LV hypertrophy in the pressure overload model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in cardiac function in UC and assess the efficacy of Sal B therapy using IVPG and 2DSTE techniques.Materials and Methods:Twenty-four rats underwent subtotal nephrectomy to produce progressive renal failure and were allocated equally into UC (n = 12) and Sal B-UC (n = 12) groups and monitored for 8 weeks. A sham-operated group was also included in this study (n = 12). Sal B was injected from weeks 4 to 8 in the Sal B-UC group. Conventional echocardiography, 2DSTE, and CMME were performed every 2 weeks post-operation, concomitantly with an evaluation of renal function. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyses were carried out to confirm the echocardiography findings.Results:Renal failure and myocardial dysfunction were confirmed in the UC group from weeks 2 through 8. Eccentric and concentric hypertrophy was observed in the UC group, while the Sal B-UC group showed only eccentric hypertrophy. IVPG analysis did not reveal any significant differences between the groups. Edema, inflammation, fibrosis, and immunohistochemical expression of CD3 infiltration were higher in the UC group compared with sham and Sal B-UC groups.Conclusion:2DSTE and IVPG explored the pathophysiology during the development of UC and indicated the incidence of myocardial dysfunction before ventricular morphological changes without intracardiac flow changes. This study confirmed increased ventricular stiffness and fibrosis in UC rats which was potentially treated by Sal B via decreasing edema, inflammation, and fibrosis.

本研究旨在调查新冠疫情期间我国部分地区犬新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)以及犬冠状病毒(CCoV)感染状况.从14个城市的动物医院收集表现为呼吸道症状和或腹泻症状的犬的鼻拭子和直肠拭子样品,RTPCR检测样品是否存在SARS-CoV-2和CCoV核酸.结果显示,206只犬鼻拭子和直肠拭子样品均未检出SARS-CoV-2,24只犬检出CCoV,阳性率为11.65％,以犬肠道冠状病毒(CECoV)感染为主(19/24),CECoV Ⅰ和Ⅱ型均在我国流行.CECoV的M基因序列与人α冠状病毒属病毒相似性为47.3-61.3％,犬呼吸道冠状病毒(CRCoV)的M和N基因的部分基因序列与人β冠状病毒属病毒相似性为9.2％-46.2％.结果说明,新冠疫情期间,我国14个城市动物医院就诊犬未感染SARS-CoV-2,CCoV与SARS-CoV-2亲缘关系较远,表现呼吸道和消化道症状的犬应高度关注CCoV感染.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important regulatory roles in host-virus interactions. Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has emerged as the most prevalent subtype among dogs in Asia since 2007. To evaluate the roles of host miRNAs in H3N2 CIV infection, here, miRNA profiles obtained from primary canine bronchiolar epithelial cells (CBECs) and canine alveolar macrophages (CAMCs) were compared between infected and mock-infected cells with the H3N2 CIV JS/10. It was found that the expressions of cfa-miR-125b and cfamiR-151, which have been reported to be associated with innate immunity and inflammatory response, were significantly decreased in CIV-infected canine primary cells. Bioinformatics prediction indicated that 5 ' seed regions of the two miRNAs are partially complementary to the mRNAs of nucleoprotein (NP) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of JS/10. As determined by virus titration, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, overexpression of the two miRNAs inhibited CIV replication in cell culture, while their inhibition facilitated this replication, suggesting that the two miRNAs could act as negative regulators of CIV replication. Our findings support the notion that some cellular miRNAs can influence the outcome of virus infection, which helps to elucidate the resistance of host cells to viral infection and to clarify the pathogenesis of H3N2 CIV.

The aim of this study was to investigate the infection of feline coronavirus (FCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in partial areas of China during the novel coronavirus outbreak Nose swabs and rectal swabs were collected from cats presented with respiratory disease symptoms and gastrointestinal disease symptoms in pet hospitals of 14 cities in China Total RNAs were extracted from the samples and then were transcribed to cDNA The FCoV and SARS-CoV-2 were detected by the reported PCR methods As a result, no SARS-CoV-2 case has been detected in 269 cats, while there were 35 cats infected with feline coronavirus It was suggested that there was no case infected with SARS-CoV-2 in fourteen cities in China during novel coronavirus outbreak

提取南京地区经鉴定确诊为犬吉氏巴贝斯虫感染病犬血液中的DNA,设计引物采用PCR方法扩增犬吉氏巴贝斯虫HSP70基因,克隆至pET-32a质粒中,转化Rosetta-gami (DE3) pLyS大肠杆菌,利用IPTG诱导表达得到重组热休克蛋白(heat shock protein 70,HSP70).用Ni柱纯化重组HSP70蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备抗血清,并分析重组蛋白的免疫原性及反应原性.本研究成功构建了pET-32a-hsp70重组质粒,IPTG诱导后表达出可溶的重组HSP70蛋白.经过Western blot分析,表达的重组蛋白不但能够免疫小鼠产生抗体,还可以和天然犬吉氏巴贝斯虫抗血清发生特异性反应,为进一步建立犬巴贝斯虫免疫血清学诊断和疫苗抗原的开发奠定基础.

为明确各种肝脏肿块性疾病的CT影像学特征,收集临床上肝脏疾病病例进行CT平扫和CT造影检查,最后通过组织病理学检查对肿块性质进行诊断.总结3种肝脏肿块的影像表现可以看出,肝脏结节性增生边界清晰且肿块实质呈均匀低密度表现,造影后均匀强化;肝细胞腺瘤界限不清,肿瘤内部密度不均匀,造影后肿块实质普遍增强,缓慢强化;肝细胞癌形状不规则,内部密度不均匀,常表现为囊性变化,造影后动脉期强化明显,静脉期强化减弱,呈快进快出表现.上述影像学特征为临床上犬肝脏肿块性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了参考依据.

H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has been circulating in many countries since 2008. The epidemic spread of CIV could be a concern for public health because of the close contact between humans and companion animals. In this study, we used Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells as a coinfection model of H3N2 CIV and the pandemic (2009) H1N1 influenza virus to investigate the possibility of genetic mutation or recombination. One of the resultant progeny viruses, designated as CP15, was identified with a significantly increased replication ability. For this viral strain all segments exhibit a homology close to 100 % with its parental strain A/Canine/Jiangsu/06/2010 (JS/10), except for two site mutations K156E and R201 K which occur in the receptor-binding sites of hemagglutinin (HA) and antigen binding sites of neuraminidase (NA), respectively. Virus growth in MDCK cells showed that CP15 had a higher virus titer (more than 10 times) than JS/10. Consistent with this, CP15 exhibited extensive tissue tropism and higher viral RNA loads in the spleen, kidney and lung of mice challenged with this virus compared to JS/10. However, body weight loss and lung injure score due to CP15 infection were greatly reduced. Importantly, anti-CP15 serum antibodies could confer a high neutralization activity against JS/10. These findings indicated that the CP15 strain of high replication ability represents a promising candidate to develop an efficient CIV vaccine.

通过静脉接种试验犬建立人工感染吉氏巴贝斯虫试验模型,利用MTT法检测外周血淋巴细胞(PMBC)的增殖能力,利用流式细胞术分析外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群的分布,利用Real-time PCR检测外周血中IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA的转录水平.结果显示,与对照组相比,感染吉氏巴贝斯虫后犬PMBC的增殖能力显著下降(P＜0.05),外周血中CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞占比降低显著(P＜0.05),CD8+T淋巴细胞占比下降不显著(P＞0.05).与对照组犬相比,IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ mRNA转录水平显著下调(P＜0.05).结果表明,吉氏巴贝斯虫感染对犬免疫机能具有明显的抑制作用.

In this study, the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (TRAP) gene and the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene of Babesia gibsoni isolated from the naturally infected dog in the Nanjing area were cloned and sequenced. Twenty blood samples were collected from the suspected cases of babesiosis at the animal hospital of Nanjing Agriculture University. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and the 18S rDNAs were amplified by PCR to confirm Babesia infection. As a result, 10 cases of Babesia 18S rDNA gene amplification were positive in the 20 blood samples, confirming that the 10 cases were infected with canine Babesia. The TRAP and the Hsp70 gene fragments were amplified from all 10 positive cases. The four isolates, named NJN1, NJN2, NJN3 and NJN4, were sequenced and compared with other isolates in Asian. The similarity of TRAP and Hsp70 gene sequences among four isolates in Nanjing were above 99%. The Nanjing isolates were closely related to isolates from Taiwan and Japan. Indian isolates were different form Chinese and Japanese isolates, despite the very high similarity of the 18s rRNA genes sequence. These results suggest that the TRAP and Hsp70 genes have a reference value for the genetic diversity analysis of Babesia gibsoni.

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen in dogs. Recent studies indicate that avian-origin H3N2 CIV are circulating in Chinese dogs. To investigate the effects of a two-amino acid (2-aa) insertion naturally occurring at the distal end of the neuraminidase (NA) stalk found in Chinese isolates since 2010 on virus replication and virulence, we rescued the CIV strain, A/canine/Jiangsu/06/2011(H3N2) and its NA mutant without the 2-aa insertion using reverse genetics. The NA stalk length affected virus growth in cell culture. Compared to the short stalk strain (without 2-aa insertion), the long stalk strain (with 2-aa insertion) exhibited higher peak titers and greater yields in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts and canine bronchiolar epithelial cells, as well as much larger plaques in MDCK cell monolayers. Furthermore, mice inoculated with the long stalk strain showed more severe pathologic damage in lung and higher proportion of detectable viral RNA in tissues. The long stalk strain induced local IFN-γ production with faster kinetics and higher levels in mice. However, in chickens, the two viral strains showed no significant difference with nearly the same proportion of detectable viral RNA loads in tissues. These observations suggest that the 2-aa insertion in the NA stalk acquired by avian-origin H3N2 CIV helps to enhance viral replication and is likely a result of adaptive evolution in canine hosts.