Deep-sea mining is regarded as a crucial strategic pathway for securing the resource supply essential for the energy transition and high-tech industries. Within this context, the riser transport system is critical for the conveyance of seabed minerals. This study investigates the multiscale particle flow characteristics within a vertical pipe under pulsating flow conditions using a semi-resolved CFD-DEM approach, with a focus on the effects of the particles mass ratio (PMR) and the inlet particle volume concentration (Cv). The results indicate that the fluid velocity gradually increases after particles enter the pipe and stabilizes once the pipe is fully loaded with particles. Localized high-velocity flow occurs in particle aggregation zones due to the Venturi effect. During the lifting process, particles form clusters that grow by accumulating discrete particles encountered along the path. The particles at the bottom of a cluster may detach and coalesce with particles below to form new clusters, creating a cyclic pattern. Increased particle concentration promotes the formation of more particle clusters, further increasing collision frequency and contact forces. As the proportion of large particles rises, The particle drag force stabilizes at a value of 0.5 to 0.6 after being normalized by gravity, and is not sensitive to Cv and PMR.

In industrial production, centrifugal pumps are crucial for transporting solid–liquid mixtures. However, the studies on shut-off conditions remain limited. Understanding these conditions is vital for controlling performance curves and enhancing pump reliability. In this work, the CFD-DEM numerical method and the Archard wear model are employed to simulate the internal flow and wear characteristics in a solid–liquid centrifugal pump under shut-off conditions. The relative velocity streamlines, particle distribution and wear patterns on the volute, impeller, and blades for particle diameters of 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2, and 2.4 mm are analyzed. Additionally, the particle trajectory of 0.8 mm particles is tracked. The results indicate slower particle movement in the inlet section, with fewer particles entering the flow field; after leaving the impeller, particles primarily revolve within the volute. The particle size has a relatively minor effect on the shut-off head. As the particle size increases, the average wear rate slightly decreases, while the maximum wear rate increases and the wear area shrinks. The maximum error between the simulated and measured head is 5.63

To investigate the effect of particle concentration on the computational performance and wear of a centrifugal pump, the Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) was employed to model the two-phase flow within the pump. The interaction between solid particles and the flow components of the centrifugal pump was analyzed by monitoring the wear rate of these components and the movement of particles. The results demonstrate that particle impact on the pressure surface of the centrifugal pump occurs as a small-angle cutting impact. The cumulative force exerted by particles on the volute, in both the normal and tangential directions, is primarily concentrated in the middle region of the volute wall and at the tongue. The main wear on the impeller is concentrated on the pressure surface of the blade. As the proportion of small particles increases, the wear area on the impeller expands, and the wear of the blade shows a trend of enlargement. The wear rate on the pressure surface of the blade exhibits periodic oscillations. The work provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the wear-resistant design and structural optimization of centrifugal pumps operating under solid-liquid two-phase flow conditions.

The advancement of inverted quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is fundamentally hindered by inefficient charge injection and severe interfacial energy barriers. Here, we propose a bilateral charge-generation layer (CGL) architecture integrating two complementary heterojunctions: PEDOT:PSS/ZnO and N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl) benzenamine (TAPC)/1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN). This architecture decouples the carrier supply from electrodes, enabling balanced carrier injection into the quantum-dot emissive layer. The resulting inverted QLEDs achieve a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 30.8% for red emission and a high EQE of 20.1% for green emission, corresponding to current efficiencies of 40.8 and 88.1 cd A-1, respectively. These bilateral CGL devices also exhibit extended stability, with extrapolated T50 lifetimes of ∼36,494 h (red) and ∼39,962 h (green) at 100 cd m-2. Both the efficiencies and lifetimes significantly outperform their unilateral counterparts. This work establishes a practical design pathway for efficient and stable inverted QLEDs, providing useful insights for advancing emerging optoelectronic technologies.

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) represent a leading technology for future display applications. However, interfacial non-radiative losses and charge injection imbalance remain critical challenges limiting device performance. Here, a pyridyl-triazine electron transport layer (ETL) based on 2,4,6-Tris(3'-(pyridine-3-yl) biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TmPPPyTz) is introduced to suppress the interfacial non-radiative recombination driven by Zn2+-related surface defects on red quantum dots. Concurrently, combined with an optimized hole-transporting layer comprising poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) blended with 25 wt.% tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), balanced carrier injection is achieved. The resulting red QLEDs with all-organic charge transport layers exhibit unprecedented performance metrics: an external quantum efficiency of 31.3%, a current efficiency of 39.0 cd A-1, a power efficiency of 35.3 lm W-1, and a T 50 lifetime of 7513 h at 100 cd m-2. These efficiency values correspond to improvements of 42%, 35% and 104% over conventional ZnMgO-ETL devices (22.0%, 28.8 cd A-1, and 17.3 lm W-1). This work establishes a new design strategy for high-performance QLEDs through molecular engineering of electron transport materials.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are recognized as promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg(-1)). However, their practical applications still face challenges, such as low S utilization and short cycling life, primarily attributed to the notorious shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetics. To address these issues, rationally designing and synthesizing a novel multifunctional S host that acts as a capturer, catalyst, and conductor is considered to be an effective strategy. Herein, we synthesized a unique sandwich-structured S host for the first time (designated as S/VS2-NCNTs), where the network-like conductive nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) uniformly coat the surface of few-layer two-dimensional (2D) VS2 nanosheets, preventing 2D VS2 stacking. This sandwich structure exhibits excellent adsorptive, catalytic, and conductive properties toward LiPSs, enhancing redox kinetics via the rapid e(-)/Li+ transfer/diffusion. Benefiting from these superior properties, the electrochemical performances of Li-S batteries are significantly improved. At a high rate of 2 C, after 1000 ultralong and stable cycles, the capacity remains at 805.9 mAh g(-1), with an ultralow decay rate of 0.021% per cycle in coin batteries. Notably, even under high S loading (7.2 mg cm(-2), S content of 89 wt %) and limited electrolyte (E/S ratio of 5.1 mu L mg(-1)), it achieves a high areal capacity of 4.76 mAh cm(-2) (specific capacity of 703.4 mAh g(-1), volume capacities of 719.6 mAh cm(-3)) after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. More strikingly, for pouch batteries, it maintains a specific capacity of 614.6 mAh g(-1) after 200 cycles at 1 C. The design and development of a novel multifunctional S host represent a promising strategy to enhance S utilization and extend long-cycle life in high-energy-density Li-S battery

Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are regarded as promising options for various optoelectronic applications. However, they struggle with an excessive injection of electrons relative to holes, constraining their performance. Here, we propose an efficient hole transport layer (HTL) sensitization method that can reuse leaked electrons and raise the hole transport capability to tackle this challenge. The HTL consists of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) mixed with a light-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter, 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-(2,3,4,5,6-penta(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (dCF35CzOXD). The resulting red QLEDs at a mixing concentration of 25 wt % simultaneously yield a highest current efficiency/external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 42.3 cd A-1/35.8%, and an extended T50 lifetime exceeding 81,408 h at 100 cd m-2, positioning them among the most efficient and stable QLEDs reported to date. Remarkably, a consistent EQE value exceeding 32.0% is maintained across a broad luminance range of 9000 to 200,000 cd m-2.

Inverted quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) show great promise for next-generation displays due to their compatibility with integrated circuit architectures. However, their development has been hindered by inefficient exciton utilization and charge transport imbalance. Here, we present a strategy for regulating charge-exciton dynamics through the rational design of a multifunctional hole transport layer (HTL), incorporating polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) as a protective interlayer in fully-solution-processed inverted red QLEDs. This HTL comprises poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl)] (TFB) doped with iridium(III) bis(2-methyldibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline) acetylacetonate (Ir(MDQ)2(acac)) and performs three critical functions: facilitating Förster resonance energy transfer to quantum dots, enabling Coulomb-assisted hole injection, and suppressing nonradiative recombination. The optimized inverted red QLEDs at a 5 wt % Ir(MDQ)2(acac) doping concentration achieved a record external quantum efficiency (EQE) of approximately 24.5% and an operational lifetime (T50) exceeding 24,600 h at 100 cd m-2. This work establishes fundamental design principles for high-performance inverted QLEDs, highlighting the crucial role of charge-exciton management in advancing optoelectronic device performance.

Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) represent promising candidates for next-generation displays, offering high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. However, simultaneously achieving high efficiency and long-term operational stability remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report highly efficient and stable red QLEDs through a dual-strategy approach:F & ouml;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-assisted exciton harvesting to enhance quantum dot emission and low-refractive-index (n < 1.6) charge transport layers to maximize light outcoupling. The optimized device architecture incorporates a PVK:20 wt% TAPC:2 wt% Ir(MDQ)(2)(acac) hole transport layer and a ZnMgO nanoparticle electron transport layer. The resulting QLEDs exhibit a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.5 %, a current efficiency of 45.8 cd A(-1), and an operational lifetime (T-50) exceeding 57,869 h at 100 cd m(-2). This work provides a promising approach toward high-efficiency and long-lifetime QLEDs for practical applications.

In this paper, the high-temperature solid-phase method was used to synthesise Al18B4O33: Cr3+ luminescent materials with a rod-like structure of about 2 mu m. In addition, Cr3+ ions occupy the Al3+ site in the main body of the Al18B4O33 host. Investigating its luminescence properties, it is found that under 384 nm excitation, Al18B4O33: Cr3+ produces broadband emission located at 712 nm belonging to the 4T2 -> 4A2 transition of Cr3+. The best luminescence intensity was achieved when the Cr3+ doping concentration was 0.015 mol. And the quantum efficiency reaches 62.6 %. The relationship between the luminescence intensity of excitation and emission spectra as a function of concentration and suggests that the mechanism of concentration quenching of Cr3+ in Al18B4O33 is caused by non-radiative energy transfer among the nearest-neighbor ions. Through the analysis of thermal stability spectrum, it was found that the luminescence intensity could be achieved up to 65.2 % of the room temperature at 423 K, showing good thermal stability. Testing the water stability of Al18B4O33: Cr3+ showed that the luminescence intensity decreased to 61.8 % of the initial intensity after 5 h of immersion. The results suggest that Al18B4O33: Cr3+ provides a new direction for the prospects of NIR development.

The vortex pump is a type of pump that achieves fluid transmission by generating a vortex effect through the rotation of the fluid, often accompanied by problems such as low transmission efficiency and relatively high noise. Based on the significant impact of impeller modification on the pump, this study proposes a unique staggered arrangement of the impeller blades, combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Lighthill’s acoustic analogy theory, aiming to enhance its internal flow and reduce flow-induced noise. The research results show that when the impeller blades are staggered, the mutual interference of the fluid between the blades is reduced, and the average pressure at the pump outlet monitoring point increases by 1.4

The performance of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is typically constrained by several factors, including carrier injection imbalance and Auger recombination. Apart from exciton collection, the all-organic charge transport layers (CTLs) structure has been proven as an effective strategy to address the aforementioned issues. Herein, we present a novel red QLED incorporating all-organic CTLs composed of a hole transport layer (HTL) consisting of the green small molecule, bis(2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N) (acetylacetonate)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)2(acac)), doped poly [(9,9 dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl)] (TFB) and poly (9vinylcarbazole) (PVK). In this ingeniously designed architecture, electrons that leak into the HTL can recombine with holes, facilitating efficient energy harvesting by Ir(ppy)2(acac). Subsequently, the harvested energy is transferred to the neighboring quantum dot (QD) layer via the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, thus improving the device performance. The top-performing QLED with a doping concentration of 5 wt% achieves an unprecedented external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.2 %, current efficiency (CE) of 21.5 cd A- 1 and luminance of 96039 cd m- 2. Furthermore, the device exhibits good stability and minimal efficiency rolloff.

Addressing common challenges such as limited indicators, poor adaptability, and imprecise modeling in gas pre-warning systems for driving faces, this study proposes a hybrid predictive and pre-warning model grounded in time-series analysis. The aim is to tackle the effects of broad application across diverse mines and insufficient data on warning accuracy. Firstly, we introduce an adaptive normalization (AN) model for standardizing gas sequence data, prioritizing recent information to better capture the time-series characteristics of gas readings. Coupled with the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, AN demonstrates superior forecasting performance compared to other standardization techniques. Next, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is used for feature extraction, guiding the selection of the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) order. Minimal decomposition errors validate the efficacy of this approach. Furthermore, enhancements to the transformer framework are made to manage non-linearities, overcome gradient vanishing, and effectively analyze long time-series sequences. To boost versatility across different mining scenarios, the Optuna framework facilitates multiparameter optimization, with xgbRegressor employed for accurate error assessment. Predictive outputs are benchmarked against Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), GRU, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), where the hybrid model achieves an R-squared value of 0.980975 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.000149, highlighting its top performance. To cope with data scarcity, bootstrapping is applied to estimate the confidence intervals of the hybrid model. Dimensional analysis aids in creating real-time, relative gas emission metrics, while persistent anomaly detection monitors sudden time-series spikes, enabling unsupervised early alerts for gas bursts. This model demonstrates strong predictive prowess and effective pre-warning capabilities, offering technological reinforcement for advancing intelligent coal mine operations.

Dynamic antibacterial polysaccharide prodrug hydrogels are in great demand for treatment of wound infection owing to their unique advantages such as excellent biocompatibility, superior antimicrobial property as well as favorable wound healing capacity. Herein, this work highlights the successful development of a dynamic carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) prodrug hydrogel, which is facilely constructed through Schiffer base reaction between antibacterial components (amikacin and CMC) and crosslinker (dialdehyde PEG). Moderate dynamic imine linkages endow the hydrogel with excellent injectable and self-healing capability as well as targeted on-demand drug release in slightly alkaline condition at infected wound. All ingredients and their strong intermolecular interactions endow the hydrogel with favorable swelling and moisture retention capability. Moreover, the covalent and non-covalent interactions also endow the hydrogel with superior adhesion and mechanical property. These attractive characteristics enable hydrogel to effectively kill pathogens, promote wound healing and reduce side effects of amikacin. Thereby, such a dynamic CMC prodrug hydrogel may open a new avenue for a robust therapy on wound infection, greatly advancing their use in clinics.

Solid–liquid two-phase centrifugal pumps are important fluid transport components in production and life. Most of the studies about the influence of solid-phase parameters on fluid transport mostly focus on single-component solid particles. In this work, two kinds of glass beads with particle sizes of 2 mm and 0.4 mm were used to study the effect of the binary mixed particle volume concentration on the internal flow and wear characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The flow distribution of the binary mixed particles in a centrifugal pump and the interactions between the particles and flow components at different volume concentrations (Cv = 5%, Cv = 7.5%, Cv = 10%, Cv = 12.5%, Cv = 15%) were studied using a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). The research results show that with the increase in particle volume concentration, the head and efficiency of the pump decrease. Additionally, the distributions of the particles with different concentrations in the impeller flow passage were obtained. Moreover, the coupling force of the flow field acting on the particles decreases with the increase in particle concentration and the time it takes to convey small particles decreases with the increase in concentration, while that of large particles decreases first and then increases. Furthermore, the contact force between the particles and the blade changes periodically with time, and the wear of the centrifugal pump is mainly concentrated on the pressure surface of the blade and the wall of the volute outlet side; the wear rate increases as the particle concentration increases.

Strengthening the interfacial contact between the reactive components effectively boosts the energy release of energetic materials. In this study, we aimed to create a close-knit interfacial contact condition between aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) and Polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (P(VDF-HFP)) through hydrolytic adsorption and assembling 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane (FTCS) on the surface of Al NPs. Leveraging hydrogen bonding between –CF and –CH and the interaction between C–F⋯F–C groups, the adsorbed FTCS directly leads to the growth of the P(VDF-HFP) coating layer around the treated Al NPs, yielding Al@FTCS/P(VDF-HFP) energetic composites. In comparison with the ultrasonically processed Al/P(VDF-HFP) mixture, thermal analysis reveals that Al@FTCS/P(VDF-HFP) exhibits a 57 °C lower reaction onset temperature and a 1646 J/g increase in heat release. Associated combustion tests demonstrate a 52% shorter ignition delay, 62% shorter combustion time, and a 288% faster pressurization rate. These improvements in energetic characteristics stem from the reactivity activation of FTCS towards Al NPs by the etching effect to the surface Al2O3. Moreover, enhanced interfacial contact facilitated by the FTCS-directed growth of P(VDF-HFP) around Al NPs further accelerates the whole reaction process.

LiAl4O6F (LAOF): Mn4+, Na+, Ga3+ red fluorescent materials were prepared by high temperature solid phase method. The properties of LAOF: Mn4+, Na+, Ga3+ phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, variable temperature spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other tests. Under the excitation of 450 nm light, an intense red emission peak was observed around 662 nm, corresponding to the 2Eg -> 4A2g transition of Mn4+. Compared with Mn4+ single doping, the introduction of Na+, Ga3+ greatly improves the luminescence intensity of LAOF. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the optimal LAOF: 0.2%Mn4+, 0.2%Na+, 3%Ga3+ phosphor was measured to be 41.6%. The prepared sample have excellent thermal and water stability. Meanwhile, the w-LED device with a beneficial luminescence efficiency (LE = 331.7 lm W-1), exhibited good CRI and CCT values. These results indicate that LAOF: Mn4+, Na+, Ga3+ phosphors have potential application prospects as a red component in the field of lighting display.

Blade wrap angle is one of the main parameters of centrifugal pump, which has an important influence on the internal flow characteristic and pump performance. In this work, five impeller models with different blade wrap angles (85°, 95°, 105°, 115°, and 125°) are established on the condition of other impeller parameters remain unchanged, whose external characteristic, internal flow, and wear were analyzed by numerical simulation method. The results show that the influence of blade wrap angle on efficiency is more significant than head, has a certain effect on the internal flow field of the centrifugal pumps and effects the wear position of pressure surface. With the increasing of blade wrap angle, the pump efficiency increases companied by the pump head decreases slightly, the area of higher speed at the outlet of the impeller tends to decrease, the higher speed wake area at the end of the blade pressure surface breaks and shrinks, the vortex in the impeller passage is fewer and smaller, the turbulent kinetic energy and morphology of vortex inside the pump decreases gradually, and the wear rate of the flow passage components shows a pattern of first decreasing and then increasing.

To investigate the influence of imidazole ionic liquids (IILs) on the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). Three IILs, [EMIm][BF4], [BMIm][BF4], and [BMIm][NO3], were selected to carry out thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC) thermal analysis experiments on long-flame coal. The mass change curve (TG) and enthalpy change curve (DSC) of the coal oxidation process were determined. The characteristic temperatures and stages of the whole process of CSC were also divided by TG and DSC curves, respectively. The influence of IILs on the mass and enthalpy changes were analyzed. Then, the inhibition effect of different IILs on the whole process and each stage of CSC were calculated based on the thermal release, and the inhibition strength of anion and cation was discriminated. From the TG curve, the characteristic temperatures (except T2) and stages of the treated coal moved toward the high-temperature region of the CSC process compared with the raw coal, the whole mass loss behavior lags behind the raw coal significantly, and the mass loss in the combustion stage is smaller than that of the raw coal. From the DSC curve, the characteristic temperatures (except TD4) of the treated coal are higher than that of the raw coal, and the thermal release at each stage is lower. Although IILs have a slight facilitating on the accelerated oxidation stage of CSC. However, in general, IILs not only inhibit the occurrence and development of CSC mass loss behavior, but also cause the thermal behavior to end earlier and thermal release reduced. The inhibition effect of the three IILs on spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal is as follows: [EMIm][BF4] > [BMIm][NO3] > [BMIm][BF4], with inhibition effects of 26.5