The fan delta front deposit is a notable reservoir type in the basin margin and typically exhibits high heterogeneity in reservoir architecture. With the deepening of exploration and development of oil and gas fields, the study of lower-order depositional architectures is relatively weak, and their implication on remaining oil distribution and enrichment are poorly understood. Field outcrops of the fan delta front deposit exhibit first-hand data of lithofacies, association, and depositional architectures, effectively providing insights for underground reservoir research to guide the development of oil fields, such as high water-cut oil fields in the late development period. Herein, we considered the fan delta front outcrops of the Sangyuan section as an object to reveal the depositional architectures located in the Luanping Basin, northeast China. Using meticulous artificial fieldwork and unmanned aerial vehicle observation, we focused on the 4th-order (single sandbody) and 3rd-order (composite laminaset groups) architectural units. Based on field observations, quantitative statistics, and model matching and guidance, architectural models of the fan delta front in the Sangyuan section were established in response to the high-frequency lake-level. In addition, genetic types of remaining oil controlled by architectural features in Wenchang B oil field during the high water-cut stage were further discussed, and suitable strategies and measures are proposed to produce different types of remaining oil. Results indicate that there are twelve basic types of lithofacies and three types of a single sandbody developed in the Sangyuan section, and evidently, the dimensions and spatial stacking patterns of 4th-order architectural units are closely related to high-frequency lake-level fluctuation, that is, with the rise of lake-level, the thickness and width of a single sandbody gradually decrease, whereas the width-thickness ratio gradually increases. Meanwhile, the spatial stacking patterns of sandbody gradually evolution from the downcut type to the superposition or butted type and finally to the isolated type. A single sandbody is divided into one or more composite laminate groups by the interfaces of 3rd- order architectural elements, which are identified according to the flow regime and sedimentary structures. Different orders of architectural units have different controlling effects over remaining oil distribution and enrichment, and the corresponding technical measures are proposed to enhance the remaining oil recovery. The above mentioned analyses can provide a valuable reference for oil and gas production in the late stage of an oil field with a similar depositional environment.

Over the past decade, analcime-bearing dolostones and similar deposits have been increasingly documented and often interpreted as being related to mantle-derived hydrothermal activity. However, the universality of this association remains uncertain. In this study, the composition of sediment source areas and the direction of sediment transport in middle Eocene saline lake deposits of the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, were investigated to better understand the formation mechanism of such dolostones. Geochemical evidence from Th/Sc-La/Sc, Th/Sc-Cr/Th, and La/Th-Hf diagrams, low Th/Co ratios (0.26-1.07), and depletion of element Ta, together with lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios in both bulk rock (0.709408-0.709795) and carbonate fractions (0.708638- 0.709006), collectively support the input of substantial mafic materials in the rock formation. Conversely, other element-based proxies, such as Al2O3/TiO2 ratios, K/Rb diagram, and REE characteristics, lack the sensitivity to detect the mafic signal. The relatively high contents of hematite and magnetite (20.2-33.1 wt.%) in the overlying sandstones, together with well-sorted, fine-grained siliciclastic grains exhibiting different roundness and distribution within the dolostone lithofacies suggest lateral transport of mafic materials. The MREE-enriched pattern and positive d13C ratios (3.2-8.7%) of the carbonate fraction and the absence of vertical anomalies of 87Sr/86Sr ratios, argue against direct vertical input from mantle-derived fluids. These findings suggest that lateral delivery of mafic materials was a favorable condition for the formation of analcime-bearing dolostones, whereas mantle-derived hydrothermal activity played a negligible role.

To investigate the relationship between grain sizes, seepage capacity, and oil-displacement efficiency in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin, this study identifies the multistage pore-throat structure as a crucial factor through a comparison of oil displacement in microscopic pore-throat experiments. The two-phase flow evaluation method based on the Li-Horne model is utilized to effectively characterize and quantify the seepage characteristics of different reservoirs, closely relating them to the distribution of microscopic pores and throats. It is observed that conglomerate sandstones at different stages exhibit significant heterogeneity and noticeable differences in seepage capacity, highlighting the crucial role played by certain large pore throats in determining seepage capacity and oil displacement efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that the displacement effects of conglomeratic sandstones with strong heterogeneity were inferior to those of conventional homogeneous sandstone, as evidenced by multiple displacement experiments conducted on core samples with varying granularities and flooding systems. Subsequently, core-based experiments on associated gas flooding after water flooding were conducted to address the challenge of achieving satisfactory results in a single displacement mode for reservoirs with significant heterogeneity. The results indicate that the oil recovery rates for associated gas flooding after water flooding increased by 7.3%-16.4% compared with water flooding alone at a gas -oil ratio of approximately 7000 m 3 /m 3 . Therefore, considering the advantages of gas flooding in terms of seepage capacity, oil exchange ratio, and the potential for two-phase production, gas flooding is recommended as an energy supplement mode for homogeneous reservoirs in the presence of sufficient gas source and appropriate tectonic angle. On the other hand, associated gas flooding after water flooding is suggested to achieve a more favorable development effect compared to a single mode of energy supplementation for strongly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/).

The traditional pore structure classification scheme separates the qualitative pore origin classification from the quantitative pore structure parameter classification. This separation prevents a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the pore structure and characteristics of multi-scale reservoirs. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new pore classification scheme that combines the "geological origin and structure parameters" of pore systems, introducing the term "pore structure facies" (PSF). By considering the genetic types of pores, the pore structure can be qualitatively divided into several categories, each representing different pore genesis. Within each category, the pore structure is further subdivided into subcategories based on pore structure parameters. To validate the effectiveness of the PSF scheme, we focus on the low permeability reservoirs of the Weixinan Depression in the Beibuwan Basin of the South China Sea. We identify and characterize PSF types using a multi-scale approach, including thin section, porosity-permeability, digital image analysis, mercury intrusion test, micro-CT imaging, and simulation. The results reveal that the study area can be classified into three main categories and six subcategories: intergranular homogeneous type (macroporous, mesoporous, and microporous), heterogeneous dissolution-pore type (moderate and strong dissolution), and cementation-induced few-pore type. Significant differences are observed in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional pore structure, petrophysical properties, and pore-scale flow of PSF, leading to significant variations in logging responses. Moreover, we successfully predict and verify the PSF profile using artificial neural network algorithms and field test data. The predicted PSF profile exhibits substantial differences in productivity, with the combination of PSF types serving as an indicator of productivity. We compare the quality of multi-scale reservoirs in the study area using the "point (single well) line (inter-well profile) plane (reservoir)" method based on PSF. Finally, to quantitatively characterize reservoir quality, we propose the Reservoir Sweet-spot Index (RSI), considering the reservoir thickness. By using the boundary of sedimentary facies, we generate a map of sweet-spots reservoirs that provides guidance for future energy exploration and development. The analytical scale of PSF and RSI can be flexibly adjusted, from the heterogeneity within the sand body to the distribution characteristics of a reservoir plane, offering valuable insights into reservoir quality estimation at different scales.

利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、阴极发光及碳氧同位素分析等手段,对莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组—黄流组高温-超压-高CO2背景下的储层成岩作用特征及其对孔隙的影响进行了系统研究.研究结果表明:①莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组—黄流组储层发育重力流沉积,岩性以中—细粒长石岩屑石英砂岩为主,储层物性以特低—低孔、特低渗特征为主.②压实、胶结和溶蚀作用是研究区主要的成岩作用类型.超压对黏土矿物的转化及石英次生加大具有明显抑制作用,并在一定程度上保护了原生孔隙.富含CO2的高温流体不仅造成了黏土矿物的异常转化,同时促进了溶蚀作用发生,增加了次生孔隙.③研究区黄二段储层的成岩演化序列为:菱铁矿胶结→石英次生加大→绿泥石胶结→长石淋滤溶蚀→高岭石形成→早期方解石胶结→早期白云石胶结→长石溶蚀→方解石溶蚀→伊利石大量生成→晚期铁方解石、铁白云石形成.④总体上,压实作用使孔隙度减少了45.30％～62.93％,胶结作用使孔隙度减少了1.65％～35.01％,溶蚀作用使孔隙度增加了0.72％～8.00％.其中,黄流组中下部砂岩储层受到了超压保护和CO2溶蚀作用的双重影响,物性较好,钻井过程中应考虑高CO2风险.

The water-wet sandstone reservoirs in the Liushagang Formation of the Beibuwan Basin has tremendous exploration potential for oil reserves in the South China Sea. However, owing to the weak correlations between petrophysical parameters and oil productivity, the production performance and seepage capacity showed significant differences in various reservoirs. The production performance of the field was evaluated by characterizing the mobility of two-phase flow through the concept of classical global mobility. However, global mobility still does not consider differential displacement pressure (DDP) and movable oil saturation (MOS). Therefore, a new index based on the Li-Horne model was established to simultaneously evaluate the seepage capacity of water-wet sandstone reservoirs, accounting for DDP and MOS. The detailed work stemming from the model included selecting water-wet sandstones with different lithologies and comparing the displacement effects of different flooding systems, oil viscosities, injection water salinities, pressure conditions, and MOS in multiple sets of parallel core samples. Finally, the new index was validated. A strong correlation was found between the new index and oil productivity per-unit differential pressure through displacement analysis of rock/oil/water, rock/oil/gas, and rock/oil/polymer systems on several core samples. The developed index for evaluating seepage capacity is suitable for different sandstones, flooding systems, oil viscosities, injection water salinities, pressure conditions, and productivity test data, thus providing insight into the production performance and seepage capacity parameters of water-wet sandstone reservoirs.

课程思政建设是新时代高校实现立德树人培养目标的根本举措,挖掘专业课程思政元素,构建思政元素分类体系,将课程思政元素有机融入大学全过程课堂之中势在必行.做好课程思政多维度教学设计与规划,并实质性融入各类课堂,是培养德才兼备的高素质人才的关键措施之一.笔者按照地矿类专业特色将思政全要素分解为基本元素、家国元素、人文元素、工程元素、专业元素和课程元素6类体系,探索了思政元素体系通过高水平教师群体贯彻于地矿类专业课程之中的实践路径.

Accurately estimating pore pressure in high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) formations is crucial to prevent drilling problems and engineering disasters. In this study, four machine learning models were developed, namely decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, and extreme boosting decision tree models, along with the classical Eaton's method, to rapidly predict pore pressure in an HTHP gas field in the Yinggehai Basin using seven variables, including 'depth' and six common well-logging series. The results demonstrate that the machine learning models outperform the classical Eaton's method in pore pressure prediction. Among the models, the decision tree model exhibits the best performance, with the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.98) and the lowest root mean squared error (0.61). Additionally, the Graphviz tool and Shapley additive explanations method were used for the visualization and interpretation of the decision tree model to gain a deeper understanding of the model's working mechanism and the reasons behind the obtained results. The interpretation revealed that the variable of 'depth' was the most significant input parameter in the decision-making process of the model. This study provides insights into the 'black-box' interpretation of machine learning models and demonstrates that tree-based machine learning models can accurately predict pore pressure in undersurface HTHP formations.

Tight gas sandstone reservoirs are commonly characterized by complex diagenetic processes, resulting in time-consuming analysis for manual classification and prediction of diagenetic facies types with inherent preference and accuracy limitations. This work explores the feasibility of automatically classifying and predicting diagenetic facies types in tight gas sandstone reservoirs using unsupervised and supervised machine learning models. Firstly, petrophysical and petrological parameters, including porosity, permeability, bulk density, cement content, plane porosity, intergranular volume, and dissolution pore volume were used as input to identify diagenetic facies types automatically through an unsupervised machine learning model based on K-means algorithm. The classified diagenetic facies types exhibited significant diagenetic differences as shown in rock thin sections. Subsequently, with the identified diagenetic facies type as the learning target and logging series data as input, three types of supervised machine learning models were employed to predict the single-well vertical profile of diagenetic facies type distribution. The results indicated that the XGBoost model had optimal performance with the accuracy of 0.87. This work provides a complete automated workflow from basic petrophysical data to complex diagenetic facies profiles based on supervised and unsupervised machine learning models for diagenetic facies type analysis.

A high-temperature and high-pressure tight gas sandstone reservoir, located in the Ledong area of the Yinggehai Basin, shows considerable resource potential. However, the diagenetic characteristics of this reservoir remain unclear. In this study, reservoir petrology and diagenetic characteristics were systematically investigated through different experimental methods. Further, the porosity and diagenetic evolution models were constructed. The methods employed included petrophysical analysis, observation of core and thin sections, and grain-size distribution analysis. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, digital image analysis, mercury injection capillary pressure tests, and micro-CT imaging were also employed. In the study area, gravity-flow channel sediments composed of feldspathic litharenite primarily developed in a restricted submarine canyon. And tight sandstones in target formation have an average porosity of 9.34% and permeability of 1.79 mD. Mechanical compaction and cementation (mainly illite and ferrocalcite) were regarded as crucial roles in the densification process. Further, the diagenetic evolution model indicated that the reservoir underwent a high degree of thermal diagenetic evolution. Five diagenetic facies types were classified and characterized at multiple scales. Moreover, a vertical distribution model of different diagenetic facies was also developed considering the overpressure, depth of formation, thickness and frequency of mudstones, and injection concentration of the CO2. This study helps to improve the understanding of the diagenetic characteristics and diagenetic facies types in high-temperature and high-pressure clastic reservoirs.

The shallow marine channels and fans in the Yinggehai Basin have huge hydrocarbon exploration potential. The depositional features and filling processes of the submarine channel and fan system during 10.5–7.2 ma were studied based on seismic data, cores, well curves, and lab data. (1) Five depositional elements were recognized in the channel system, including PSC, MSC, DSC, levee, and abandonment fill, and the deposits show the typical sedimentary structure of debris flow. The filling process of the channel system was divided into three stages based on deposits supply intensity. The stages were made up of several filling units, and each unit possessed at least one complete channelized depositional succession. (2) The fan system was developed under the large-scale "U" shaped feeding canyon, and its filling process was divided into two stages, the shape and distribution were controlled by shelf break and syn-sedimentary faults in the early stage, and was influenced by the localized changes of paleogeomorphology in late stage. The influence factors for the development of gravity-driven systems were summarized into two levels: regional depositional environment changes and localized distinctive geologic settings. The former one controlled the development of shallow water gravity-driven deposits in the whole basin, mainly including rapid falling of sea-level, moderate subsidence rate, and stable deposits supply. The latter one controlled the morphology and distribution of depositional elements in gravity-driven systems. The pre-existing banded low terrain induced by blind faults controlled the shape of the confined channel, and variable faulting intensity in different segments of the syn-sedimentary fault and localized paleogeomorphology changes influenced the distribution of channels and inner fan in the fan system. The study of deposition features, internal architecture, and controlling factors may provide a reference for further exploration in this area and a deeper understanding of gravity-driven processes in shallow marine.

莺歌海盆地LD10区中深层黄流组-梅山组重力流水道、海底扇储层已被证实具有重大的天然气资源潜力.但是前期测试结果显示气藏中混有高含量CO2气体.因此,精细厘定天然气充注期次,明确CH4、CO2等时空分布规律对规避高CO2风险至关重要.本研究在对不同产状流体包裹体岩相学特征精细观察的基础上,综合激光拉曼光谱分析和包裹体显微测温技术识别出3幕不同成分天然气充注,时间分别为:4.0～2.9 Ma、2.0～1.2 Ma和0.8～0.3 Ma.其中,第一幕充注以烃类气为主,伴有少量有机CO2和N2;第二幕和第三幕充注以大量无机CO2、烃类气为主,伴有少量N2.结合天然气及烃源岩地化特征、天然气组分分析及输导体系识别,总结了LD10区的成藏模式,以期为研究区下一步天然气勘探开发和规避高含量CO2风险提供依据.

The Ledong 10 area of the famous HTHP Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea hosts abundant natural gas resources, which is expected to be a significant gas production base in China. The formation overpressure is a key factor that impacts geophysical responses, rock quality, diagenesis evolution, drilling safety and other geological engineering problems during the exploration and development. However, overpressure mechanism is poorly understood in this area. Using acoustic compaction curve, Eaton method, Bowers method and the density - sonic interval transit time method to reveal the two-stage overpressure mechanism of Ledong 10 area. The overpressure stage I was related to disequilibrium compaction in the formations below 2,300 m, with a pressure coefficient (PC) of approximately 1.6, while the overpressure stage II was caused by fluid expansion, which caused PC of formations below 4,000 m to increase to 2.2. Specifically, the early tight carbonate cementation layers with calcium provided by biological debris, mudstones and the barrier of canyon channels provided a closed system and protected primary pores to resist against further compaction. The overpressure stage II was caused by the charging of deep inorganic-origin CO2 and hydrocarbons, which did not physically improve rock quality, but the carried CO2 differentially dissolved carbonate cements in the aquifers to produce secondary pores. Besides, the effects of different overpressure types on rock quality were quantitatively analyzed through petrophysical properties, 2D digital image analysis, and 3D pore network modeling. Compared with other 2D parameters, average pore radius has a better correlation with permeability. When permeability is less than 0.5 mD, spatial pore distribution becomes more heterogeneous. Finally, considering pore structure and minerals, a comprehensive overpressure evolution model and an overpressure-induced differential dissolution model were developed, explaining two unique rock structure phenomena in deep tight gas sandstones: "similar burial depths with different compaction degrees" and the overpressure-induced "differentiated dissolution with similar burial depths". In this study, it provides some insights into the developmental mechanisms of overpressure in the Yinggehai Basin and differential dissolution mechanism at pore scale, which contributes to overpressure mechanism analysis of other deep basins in the world.

Pore structure properties in shales, such as pore volume, specific surface area, pore size distribution (PSD), and pore connectivity, are important factors to impact petroleum generation, storage, and migration. However, research on changes in pore structure during thermal maturation of shales from transitional deposition environments is still limited. In this work, a series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments at temperatures from 250-550 degrees C were carried out on a source rock sample from the Lower Permian-aged Shanxi Formation in the northern Ordos Basin of China. (Ultra)small-angle neutron scattering [(U)SANS] and lowpressure gas (N-2/CO2) adsorption (LNA/LCA) methods, over a measurable range of 0.35-1000 nm in pore diameters, were used to analyze the pore properties of the resultant solids from the pyrolysis experiments, providing data on the evolution of gas-accessible and gas-inaccessible pores. Both pore volumes and specific surface areas decreased initially, then increased, and finally decreased with increasing maturity, reaching their peaks at 340 and 500 degrees C, respectively. The ratio of gas-inaccessible mesopores (2-50 nm in diameter), defined as (SANS-measured - LNA-measured/SANS-measured mesopores), initially increases, then decreases, and finally increases again. In shale samples subjected to the temperatures of 250-340 and 340-380 degrees C, the abundance of inaccessible pores 2-18 and 2-50 nm in diameter increase due to a possible filling of bitumen and generated oil; in addition, the inaccessible pore percentage at 9-S0 nm is decreased at 380-460 degrees C. A multifractal analysis was used to interpret (U)SANS PSD data to characterize the heterogeneity of pore structures at different thermal evolution stages, and the singularity index alpha(0) and its widths could be considered as major parameters to distinguish nanopore evolution and heterogeneity of PSDs from immature to overmature shales.

Permeability is a crucial analytical variable in petrophysical parameters of reservoir rocks, which is highly related to geo-energy exploration and evaluation. Conventional physics-based models and data-driven permeability estimation methods using pore-structure parameters and image parameters as input both highly depend on core-experimental parameters and have potential limitations in uncored area. Using logging data as input, seven machine learning methods in total, including Linear Regression, Back Propagation Neural Network Regression, K-Neighbors Regression, Random Forest Regression, Support Vector Machine Regression, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Regression, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Decision Tree Regression were trained to predict the permeability of low-permeable sandstones of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. In the seven well-trained models, XGBoost showed the optimal performance in permeability prediction with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91088 and mean squared error (MSE) of 0.135. Moreover, the continuous permeability profile of one well was predicted successfully using the optimal model of XGBoost. Furthermore, in order to interpret the black box of machine learning of XGBoost model, SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) was introduced to interpret the well-trained model of XGBoost. The results indicated that acoustic transit time and corrected compensated neutron log in the logging series contributed the most to the permeability prediction in the low-permeability reservoir rocks. And each output result could be expressed as the sum of contributions of five input logging parameters in the XGBoost model. This work gains insight into the rapid prediction of permeability of underground aquifers and hydrocarbon-bearing layers using easily available logging data without coring and testing, and provides pattern visualization experience for permeability prediction in low-permeable sandstones.

目前,全国各高校积极开展"新工科"建设下大类招生.大一新生面临高中生到大学生的角色转换和学习方式的调整,应该注重培养自主学习能力并夯实基础知识.因此,构建学习型班级,建立良好的班风学风,积极引导学生开展自主学习,是大一新生班级建设迫切需要解决的问题.本文以问题导向型小组学习为例,以大一新生学习型班级为研究对象,明确学习型班级构建的重要性和小组互助学习的理念;明确关键班委及组长的选择机制;介绍了小组学习内容及组织方式.本文旨在为新工科背景下如何引导和培养新时期大学生的自主学习和团队协作精神提供借鉴,所创建的新生班级互助学习模式对高等教育管理、高校学生管理模式提供新的思路.

黏土矿物是碎屑岩储层中胶结物的重要组成部分,其类型、含量对储层的质量有较大的影响.以涠西南凹陷和文昌A凹陷的黏土矿物为研究对象,开展了薄片观察、阴极发光、压汞测试、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性分析等研究.结果表明:甜点储层发育与黏土矿物的关系密切,低孔渗背景下发育2类相对优质储层的黏土矿物组合.涠西南凹陷流沙港组甜点储层多发育于中粗砂岩与含砾粗砂岩中,储层酸性流体活动强度大,溶蚀作用强烈,高岭石相对含量较高,孔隙类型以溶蚀孔、粒间孔为主.高岭石存在早期大气淡水淋滤型和后期有机酸溶蚀型2种成因.文昌A凹陷珠海组优质储层多位于扇三角洲砂体前缘,受阵发性水流与海水改造,绿泥石相对含量高,孔隙类型以残余粒间孔为主.绿泥石以颗粒包膜和孔隙衬里型为主,粒间充填的团簇状绿泥石为辅.黏土矿物的分析对寻找甜点储层和指导油气勘探具有重要的意义.

复杂油气储层非均质性强、"甜点"成因控制因素复杂,面对精细表征与预测要求,储层研究需要在研究思路与方法体系上有所改进.基于盆地沉积学发展起来的"源-汇"系统分析为复杂储层系统研究提供了新思路.经过多年实践,本文提出了储层系统研究的"源-径-汇-岩"（source-route-sink-rock,SRSR）系统分析思路与方法,强调开展基于沉积物（岩）的四个子系统研究,即"源——沉积物物质组成与来源"、"径——沉积物搬运过程与路径"、"汇——沉积物汇聚堆积环境与变化"、"岩——沉积物埋藏成岩过程与成岩相".介绍了各个子系统要素构成,认为四个子系统共同决定宏观和微观非均质性,共同决定储层质量.在源汇分区、沉积相分区及成岩相分区基础上,用甜度RSI指标划分区域储层"甜点"等级,并在乌石凹陷低渗储层评价中加以应用,取得良好效果.储层SRSR系统分析是复杂"甜点"储层成因研究的新思路,是复杂非均质储层精细表征的技术遵循,为开展复杂常规储层、致密储层、非常规泥页岩储层定量化评价预测提供了新的理论和方法支持.

It is a common understanding that the decision to continue with any oil and/or gas well completion project is based on the existence of an economically viable pay zone. This necessitates the need for a continuous optimization of reservoir characterization in order to preserve success in management decisions. This paper proposes a methodology for optimizing reservoir characterization through improved pay zone delineation. The workflow start from data gathering and analytics using well logs to the establishment of a rock physics model based on Han De-Hua’s empirical relations. This can confirms the applicability of the Han De-Hua’s model on the seismic scale and also provided a means for direct evaluation of reservoir properties based on elastic parameters, thereby making management decisions more reliable.

思维的发生来自主体与客体相互作用的活动与训练.地质思维是地质类及相关专业学生必须具有的专业素养,是解决实际地质问题和创新地质理论的思想基础.中国地质大学(武汉)地质类及相关专业大学低年级本科生在北戴河和秭归实习基地连续开展野外地质实践活动,在野外现场观察地质现象、了解地质运动规律、建立地质作用的时空关系,达到初步构建专业的地质观、地质方法论和地质辩证关系的目的.通过野外实践基地"第三课堂"系统训练,为后续专业学习及系统地质思维培养打下了坚实基础.