In this work, lanthanum was in situ incubated in magnetic chitosan microgel (LCS) for phosphate separation from surface water. Compared to commercial La(OH)3 and its direct encapsulation into CS, in situ La incubation in CS structure could render an La efficiency (Gamma La) 3.3 times higher than that of commercial La(OH)3, harvesting the highest P capacity (95.25 mg P/g) at the lowest La content. LCS microgel can be easily extracted by magnetic separation, regenerated by NaOH, and thus reused for cyclic phosphate removal. Compared to monovalent anions, divalent SO4 2- could largely accelerate P capture on LCS microgel within the first several hours. The effect of SO4 2- was comparatively analyzed in batch modes and then verified by stirred-flow reactors using practical lake water as the feed. Under continuous operation, the presence of SO4 2- could increase the dynamic P capacity and help suppress effluent P to a low concentration level, with the system breakthrough time nearly doubled. Further characterization analysis clarified the specific swelling behavior of LCS hydrogel network in the presence of SO4 2-, which could increase the specific surface area and pore size for phosphate diffusion and uptake. Overall, our work highlighted a promising option for the fabrication of inorganic/polymer composites and provided useful insights for water treatment.

In this work, the sludge-derived humic acid (SHA), extracted from the remaining sludge of landfill leachate, was utilized to modify sodium alginate (SA) and prepare SA/SHA aerogel. The adsorption characteristics and underlying mechanisms of Cu(II) by SA/SHA aerogel in aqueous solutions were systematically investigated. The findings revealed that SA/SHA aerogel exhibited superior adsorption capabilities, with a maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) reaching 188.38 mg/g. The results aligned well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a uniform distribution of adsorption sites on the aerogel's surface, primarily driven by chemisorption-mediated monolayer adsorption of Cu(II). An examination of heavy metal leaching during the adsorption process confirmed the absence of secondary contamination in the solution after SA/SHA treatment. Studies on the presence of co-ions indicated that monovalent cations had a minimal impact on the selective adsorption of Cu(II) by SA/SHA aerogel, whereas divalent cations exerted a more significant influence. Furthermore, SA/SHA aerogel retained its structural integrity without disintegration even after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. Characterization techniques indicated that the adsorption mechanism of SA/SHA aerogel was dominated by complexation reactions and ion exchange of cations, supplemented by redox reactions.

In this study, chitosan (CS) was combined with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to fabricate composite hydrogel beads. These beads were further modified through blending and grafting with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to develop chitosan/microcrystalline cellulose@polyethyleneimine (CS/MCC@PEI) composite gel spheres for the efficient adsorption of diclofenac sodium (DS) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CS/MCC@PEI composite exhibited a spherical morphology with a porous structure, abundant surface functional groups, and a high adsorption capacity of 274.84 mg/g for DS. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, dominated by physical adsorption, with both surface and internal diffusion influencing the adsorption rate. The Freundlich isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Environmental adaptability tests demonstrated minimal interference from co-existing anions and humic acid, while regeneration experiments confirmed excellent reusability (>77 % removal after five cycles). The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl/amino groups of the composite and DS. These findings highlight the potential of CS/MCC@PEI as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for DS removal from water.

Background: Secondary Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) differs from primary TTS in terms of clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis. COPD exacerbation has been recognized as a physical trigger for TTS, but its prognostic implications for secondary TTS are poorly understood. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of COPD on in-hospital outcomes in TTS patients. Methods: Using data from the National Inpatient Sample, patients with a primary diagnosis of COPD and a secondary diagnosis of TTS were identified (COPD-TTS group). Patients with a primary diagnosis of TTS and comorbid COPD were selected as a control group (TTS-COPD group). Then, we compared the in-hospital mortality and the incidence of adverse events before and after propensity score matching. Results: 603 patients were included in each of the TTS-COPD and COPD-TTS groups after matching. In both groups, the average age of included patients was about 68 years, and more than 85 percent of them were female. There were no statistically significant differences in the in-hospital mortality or the incident of cardiac arrest, ventricular arrhythmias, and AKI, between the two groups (All, p > 0.05). Patients with COPD-TTS had a higher rate of acute respiratory failure (ARF) (p < 0.001), a lower rate of cardiogenic shock (p = 0.001), and a longer length of hospital stay (LOS) (p < 0.001) compared to patients with TTS-COPD. Conclusions: Patients with COPD-TTS had a higher rate of ARF and a longer LOS but a lower risk of cardiogenic shock compared to patients with TTS-COPD.

The culture of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in continuous -flow system for treating low -strength municipal wastewater is still a challenge for its widespread application. This study developed a continuous -flow reactor based on metabolic and hydraulic selection pressure to explore the feasibility of culturing AGS in conventional continuous -flow mode. The results showed that aerobic granulation was successfully achieved with a mean particle size of 373 mu m and almost all granules (95.6 %) were larger than 200 mu m. An obvious three -stages granulation process comprised of initial adhesion, the formation of early aggregates that acted as nuclei of granules, and the final AGS maturation, was observed in this work. The selective enrichment of slow -growing bacteria in alternating feast/famine condition played a critical role in the aerobic granulation. The analysis results of extracellular polymeric substances revealed that beta -polysaccharides and proteins distributed uniformly within the mature granules, while alpha-polysaccharides were found mainly concentrated around the granules, which was believed to enhance the mechanical strength of granules. The continuous -flow AGS system exhibited an excellent simultaneous carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal performance with high removal efficiencies of NH 4 + -N (97.6 %), TIN (91.0 %), COD (93.7 %), and TP (94.8 %). Moreover, a low sludge yield of 0.1 gMLSS/ gCOD was obtained for dramatic in situ sludge reduction. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results confirmed the outstanding accumulation of GAOs ( Candidatus_Competibacter ) and PAOs ( Rhodocyclaceae ) in the system, which were responsible for simultaneous C, N, P removal and sludge reduction. Overall, this study demonstrated the feasibility of aerobic granulation in conventional continuous -flow mode and offered insights into the granulation mechanism, providing implications and references for the application of AGS technology in existing wastewater treatment plants.

In this work, sodium alginate/sodium humate @ Polyacrylamide (SA/SH@PAM) hydrogel beads were prepared using sodium alginate as encapsulant, sodium humate as filler, and polyacrylamide wrapped on the outer layer. Removal and recycling performance toward batch and column adsorption of Cu (II) was investigated. The results indicated that SA/SH@PAM had good removal behavior in the pH range of 3.0–6.0, with an optimal pH of 5.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of SA/SH@PAM beads could reach 134.65 mg/g, which was 2.0 and 1.6 times higher than that of sodium alginate beads (SA) and sodium alginate/sodium humate beads (SA/SH), respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model could fit experimental data better, indicating the chemisorption of Cu (II) on SA/SH@PAM surface. Isotherm and thermodynamics studies suggested that heterogeneous multilayer adsorption occurred on the surface of SA/SH@PAM and Cu (II) adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Thomas model was fitted better than Adams-Bohart model with breakthrough curves in a fixed-bed column system, signifying that internal and external diffusion was not the main factor limiting the adsorption efficiency of SA/SH@PAM. Characterization analysis (FT-IR, SEM, XPS, etc.) indicated ion exchange and the interaction of multiple functional groups (-COOH, -CO–NH-, etc.) with Cu (II) were the main adsorption mechanisms. Besides, SA/SH@PAM demonstrated good regeneration and anti-interference ability of co-existing ions. Overall, SA/SH@PAM is a potential adsorbent for Cu (II) removal from wastewater.

Ecotoxicity of diclofenac sodium (DS) even at low concentrations makes it urgent to remove DS from water. In this work, chitosan microspheres were prepared by one-step reversed-phase emulsion method, and then, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was successfully grafted to form CS/PEI composites. The CS/PEI was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of different influencing factors like material composition, dosage, pH, co-existing anions, and humic acid were investigated, and adsorption behavior of CS/PEI was explored by model simulation analysis. Results showed that adsorption process fits well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating homogeneous and monolayer adsorption nature, and maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 364.12 mg/g at pH 6. The reusability of CS/PEI was confirmed by cyclic adsorption-desorption experiments, and electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding were the main mechanism for DS uptake by CS/PEI. Therefore, CS/PEI microspheres can be regarded as an efficient and convenient adsorbent for DS removal from aqueous media.

A continuous flow bioreactor was operated for 300 days to investigate partial nitritation (PN) of mature landfill leachate, establishing the long-term performance of the system in terms of the microbial community composition, evolution, and interactions. The stable operation phase (31–300 d) began after a 30 days of start-up period, reaching an average nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 94.43% and a ratio of nitrite nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen (NO2−-N/NH4+-N) of 1.16. Some fulvic-like and humic-like compounds and proteins were effectively degraded in anaerobic and anoxic tanks, which was consistent with the corresponding abundance of methanogens and syntrophic bacteria in the anaerobic tank, and organic matter degrading bacteria in the anoxic tank. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas was found to be the key functional bacteria, exhibiting an increase in abundance from 0.27% to 6.38%, due to its collaborative interactions with organic matter degrading bacteria. In-situ inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was achieved using a combination of free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA), low dissolved oxygen (DO) with fewer bioavailable organics conditions were employed to maintain stable PN and a specific ratio of NO2−-N/NH4+-N, without an adverse impact on AOB. The synergistic relationships between AOB and both denitrifying bacteria and organic matter degrading bacteria, were found to contribute to the enhanced PN performance and microbial community structure stability. These findings provide a theoretical guidance for the effective application of PN-Anammox for mature landfill leachate treatment.

Adsorption-based technology provides a feasible alternative for phosphorus control in waterbodies. Herein, Labiochar derived from toxic sludge was encapsulated into polymer matrix as functional filler, and then surface modification on formed hydrogel via in-situ polymerization of polydopamine (PDA) was realized to achieve enhanced phosphate removal from water. Effects of biochar content and PDA coating time on adsorption performance were investigated, and optimized composite beads could achieve experimental maximum capacity of similar to 13.74 mg P/g. Solution pH study implied favorable adsorption at pH 4-6, and coexisting anions noticeably facilitated phosphate capture owing to hydrogel swelling while reverse effect was observed for cation Ca2+. Kinetic study showed phosphate adsorption was chemisorption in nature, and overall adsorption process was mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion stage. Adsorption isotherm using different samples suggested the transformation of sorption form from multilayer heterogeneous adsorption to monolayer homogeneous adsorption after PDA coating on hydrogel surface. Thereafter, the reusability of as-prepared hydrogel was investigated through cyclic adsorption-desorption experiments, and continuous treatment of phosphate-enriched water was conducted to evaluate its potential for practical application. This work could provide useful implication to the development of functional composite hydrogels for phosphate removal.

The organic shock loadings with varying ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) caused by fluctuations of wastewater flowrate and concentration inflict a great threat on the stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in practical applications. Herein, the present work proposed an enhanced shock-loading-tolerance strategy for AGS by applying a weak magnetic field (WMF). Results indicated that aerobic granules exposed in WMF kept a significant propagation regardless of the various influent organic concentrations, while those in the control reactor exhibited inadaptability with decreasing biomass concentration and bioactivity at lean substrate conditions. The enhanced extracellular polymeric substances regulating process might be one of the inducement mechanisms to cope with organic shock loadings of WMF. In addition, the AGS system in WMF showed its strong resilience in terms of the ammonia and phosphate removal. Magnetic field could inhibit the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria, and the enhanced tolerance for organic shock loadings might attribute to the enrichment of functional microbes related to structural stability such as Firmicutes and Candidatus_Competibacter. Therefore, this work revealed the enhanced mechanisms of magnetic field for improving the AGS stability towards organic shock loadings, promoting the full-scale engineering applications of both AGS and magnetization technologies in wastewater treatment.

Nowadays, eutrophication problem in surface waterbodies has attracted specific attention. Herein, we reported facile synthesis and application of La/Fe engineered bentonite (LFB) for efficient phosphate elimination. Results indicated that bimetallic modified LFB composite could achieve efficient phosphate removal at pH 2-6, and satisfactory selectivity was implied by stable phosphate capturing within the interference of competing species (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, F- and HA). Pseudo-second-order model could satisfactorily depict the kinetic behavior at different initial concentrations, indicating chemisorption of phosphate on LFB surface. Isotherm study suggested that phosphate adsorption behavior could be fitted well with Sips isotherm equation, indicating that both homogeneous monolayer adsorption and heterogeneous multilayer coverage of phosphate on LFB surface occurred within the investigated conditions. Adsorption thermodynamics implied the spontaneous and endothermic feature of phosphate loading on LFB composite. Characterization analysis confirmed successful La and Fe loading on bentonite, and electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange were the main adsorption mechanism. The high adsorption capacity, cost-effective feature and strong affinity towards phosphate demonstrated certain potential of as-prepared LFB composite for phosphate separation from eutrophic water.

近年来,数字孪生已成为提升制造业智能化水平的重要技术之一,其依赖现有车间精细化三维模型的数据基础.文中针对如何快速获得可视化效果较好的虚拟车间场景模型的问题,研究了基于视觉SLAM的可交互虚拟车间构建方法.首先,搭建了基于视觉SLAM的可交互虚拟车间构建的系统架构.其次,详细阐述了基于视觉SLAM的点云采集、点云分割和识别及三维模型泊松重建等关键部分内容.最后,通过车间场景重建与虚拟交互实现,验证了所提方法的有效性,初步解决了现有车间缺少数字化模型的困境,提供了智能化车间的几何模型和数据基础.

Chlorella sorokiniana, the dominant microalgal strain with fast growth rate and high nutrients' adsorption rate, was selected from the mature MBGS system. After adding C6-HSL and 3-oxo-C12-HSL to the MBGS consortia formed by combining it with mature AGS, it could also be found that C6-HSL accelerated the denitrification rate and improved the removal rate of TIN and TP effectively. Besides, the promoting effect of C6-HSL was slightly higher than that of 3-oxo-C12-HSL. By adjusting the concentration of C6-HSL (5 x 10(-9), 7.5 x 10(-7) and 2.5 x 10(-5) mol/L), the results revealed that adding 5 x 10(-9)moL/L C6-HSL significantly improved the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in MBGS consortia. However, adding higher concentration of C6-HSL (7.5 x 10(-7) mol/L) would lead to deterioration of TIN and COD degradation. The content of EPS secreted by bacteria was regulated by different concentrations of AHLs, and the PS/PN value decreased with the increasing trend of C6-HSL concentration. [GRAPHICS] .

In this work, bentonite was encapsulated into PVA/SA matrix to fabricate bentonite/PVA/SA aerogel (BPS) using lanthanum (La) as the cross-linking agent. La (III) cross-linking reaction with polymers realized synchronous gelation and lanthanum introduction into the composite, which endowed BPS with efficient phosphate removal performance and convenient separation property. Batch experiments indicated that BPS aerogel could maintain efficient and stable phosphate removal (> 95%) within a wide solution pH range (4-10), and well-performed phosphate capturing of BPS at NaCl and seasalt salinity of 0-4% implied its promising application potential in saline environment. Besides, the good fitness of pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggested chemisorption of phosphate on BPS surface, and film diffusion was the primary rate-limiting step. Isotherm study with the preferred fitness of Sips model suggested monolayer adsorption characteristic of BPS at high phosphate con-centration, whereas multi-layer coverage of phosphate occurred at low concentration. Maximum experimental adsorption capacity of BPS was detected as ~28.9 mg P/g, which was competitive among similar adsorbents. In addition, long-term phosphate leakage detection at varied systematic pH suggested the stable binding of phosphate on BPS. The combined characterization analysis illustrated that multiple function including electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange and Lewis acid-base interaction drove the loading of phosphate on BPS surface. Overall results demonstrated certain potential of BPS aerogel as candidate sorbent for phosphate adsorption from complicated aqueous environment.

A long start-up period is one of the main factors limiting the practical application of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Bioaugmentation could be a good strategy to accelerate aerobic granulation. In this research, four denitrifying strains were isolated from mature AGS. Mycobacterium senegalense X3-1 exhibited the strongest self-aggregation ability and good denitrification ability. Ensifer adhaerens X1 showed the strongest denitrification ability but poor self-aggregation ability. Additionally, strain X3-1 demonstrated the highest extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) contents accompanied by relatively high N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) concentrations, which could illustrate its predominant aggregation ability—AHLs produced by bacteria regulate EPS secretion to accelerate cell aggregation. Strain X3-1 and X1 were chosen as inoculated bacterium to verify the effects of bioaugmentation on AGS granulation and denitrification. Granulation was achieved in the sequential batch reactors (SBRs) added strain X3-1 10 days earlier than the control group. The particle morphology and TIN removal rate of X3-1 were both superior to the latter. The introduction of strains reduced the richness and diversity of the microbial community, but the key functional bacteria, Candidatus_Competibacter, proliferates in the SBR inoculated with X3-1. Conclusively, it is suggested Mycobacterium senegalense X3-1 could be a prospective strain for enhancing AGS formation and denitrification.

尖晶石型微波介质陶瓷因高品质因数和可调的谐振频率温度系数在无线通信等领域应用广泛.本文通过无压烧结制备了MgO·nGa2O3(n=0.975、1.00、1.08和1.17)尖晶石陶瓷,采用XRD Rietveld全谱拟合研究了化学计量比对晶体结构的影响,并结合键价理论模型探究了微波介电性能与晶体结构的关系.结果表明:MgO·nGa2 O3陶瓷相对介电常数(εr)的变化与晶格常数和离子极化率有关;品质因数(Q×f)受键强和阳离子有序度的共同影响,随n值增大从165590 GHz下降至109413 GHz;而谐振频率温度系数(τf)与晶体热膨胀系数相关.制备的MgO·0.975Ga2O3陶瓷具有优异的微波介电性能:εr=9.69、Q×f=165590 GHz(频率14 GHz下)和τf=-7.12×10-6/℃.

Due to the universality and rapidity of information dissemination on social media, it is of guiding significance for automobile manufacturers to improve product design and optimize quality management to timely discover the defect information of automobiles from social media. At present, the research on social media defect recognition has mined less defect information and mostly takes negative comments as product defects. To solve this problem, we put forward a comment representation model based on sentiment-dependent linguistic features, which effectively uses the domain context. In reality, the distribution of the data set is biased in some way. To avoid the major defect, we use the clustering-based under-sampling method. The experimental results show that the model can effectively identify car defects in Chinese social media, and has a high accuracy and recall rate.

Eutrophication problem in surface waterbodies has attracted increasing attention. Herein, raw palygorskite (PAL) was activated by lanthanum engineering in alkaline surrounding for phosphate removal, and alkaline etching modified its structure and facilitated phosphate migration from bulk solution to active sites. Results indicated that stable and satisfactory phosphate capturing was maintained by as-prepared material within a wide pH range (3-9) and the disturbance of co-existing substances (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, SO42-, F- and HA). Further investigation on the role of interfering species in overall adsorption process indicated that phosphate capturing was accelerated rather than hindered at the initial hours, while the ultimate captured amount decreased owing to their competitive occupation on La active sites. Kinetic study suggested the chemisorption of phosphate and isotherm investigation illustrated the multilayer coverage of phosphate on the heterogeneous surface. Thermo-dynamic study implied spontaneous and endothermic process of phosphate uptake on La-PAL, and cyclic desorption-adsorption experiments demonstrated feasible regeneration and reuse of La-PAL for phosphate sep- aration. Materials characterization demonstrated the formation of amorphous La-O-P inner-sphere complex through ligands exchange (i.e., -CO3-, -OH), whereas the interference of co-existing substances by competitive occupation and overlap on active sites was indicated. The present work could provide comprehensive insight into the role of interfering substances in phosphate adsorption on functionalized materials.

The application of magneto-biological effects in wastewater treatment has been brought under the spotlight recently. This work explored the dual effects of magnetic field (MF) and exogenous N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) on activated sludge granulation. Results showed that exposure to MF and C6-HSL obviously accelerated the aerobic granulation process and promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances, especially polysaccharides, humic acid-like substances, aromatic proteins, and tryptophan-like substrates. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results indicated that the introduction of MF and C6-HSL can increase the diversity and richness of microbial community without antagonism, and the biological basis for rapid granulation process in this study was the enrichment of slow-growing bacteria Candidatus_Competibacter. Besides, the overgrowth of filamentous bacteria Thiothrix could be suppressed due to the presence of MF, improving the stabilities of aerobic granular sludge. This study provides a new understanding of the MF and C6-HSL effects on rapid aerobic granulation when treating the low-strength wastewater.

Herein, lanthanum/aluminum engineered bentonite (LAB) was developed for efficient phosphate separation from aqueous media. LAB-1 (La/Al = 1) exhibited highest adsorption capacity among all samples, and batch experiments indicated that LAB-1 could maintain efficient phosphate uptake (> 90%) within the interference of competing anions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3- and SO42-). Acidic condition (pH 3-6) was beneficial to phosphate capturing, and the maximum experimental capacity of LAB-1 was detected as similar to 93.61 mg P/g. Kinetic modelling with the preferred fitness of pseudo-second-order model revealed the chemisorption nature of phosphate uptake process, while isotherm test suggested multilayer adsorption of phosphate on heterogeneous LAB-1 surface. Adsorption thermodynamics uncovered the spontaneous and endothermic feature of phosphate loading on LAB-1, and phosphate loading contributed to increased randomness of engineered surface. Characterization analysis demonstrated the growth of crystalline lanthanum carbonate hydrate on LAB-1, while phosphate uptake converted it to LaPO4 center dot 0.5H(2)O crystal. However, amorphous Al hydroxide and Al-P complex after adsorption were supposed. Detailed investigation demonstrated the joint involvement of La and Al sites and the formation of metal-P complex through ligand exchange.