基于陆路交通建设背景,在铁路公路交通网络的基础上分析通道县传统村落可达性空间布局,并进一步以6个侗族传统村落为样本,从"空间基因"视角下识别提取坪坦河流域侗族传统村落空间基因,选取村落空间基因的丰富度、信息度、均匀度和优势度指数展开多样性研究,解析不同村落以及不同类型空间基因的多样性指标差异,结合高速铁路交通建设情况探讨外来空间基因对传统村落的影响,力图从有机整体角度克服传统村落研究的狭隘性.研究结果表明:1)通道县侗族传统村落的可达性呈现为"核心—边缘"圈层式扩展空间布局,其可达性系数与交通路网完备程度有着紧密的联系.2)空间基因多样性指数水平可揭示传统村落目前的保护发展状态,外来文化的影响或者自组织的现代化建设会导致本土空间基因的优势性降低或消亡.3)传统村落交通可达性与空间基因多样性显著相关,结合实际发现陆路交通建设在给传统村落带来的不仅是经济发展、出行便利的同时,还带来了本土基因属性变异、外来基因的同质化入侵.研究成果有助于为交通建设及区域村落空间规划发展提供理论基础与科学参考,为优化传统村落宜居环境拓展研究思路.

我国晋北阴山地带处于"长城文化界区"与"农牧交错带"的重叠部位,独有的历史文化背景、特殊的地理自然条件,让这一地区的传统民居孕育出兼具"中原文明"与"草原文化"风貌的特征.文章以大同市下辖的阳高县内传统屋宇式民居为研究样例,从院落格局、房屋结构、建筑材料、细部装饰特征出发,剖析晋北长城文化沿线明清及民国时期县域内传统屋宇式民居普遍的风貌特征,以期对晋北长城文化地区民居艺术、民俗文化的保护和发展提供参考.

Based on investigation Minyao settlements of Jiangyong, Hunan Province, the method of space syntax was used to analyze the external spatial characteristics of ancestral halls. Furthermore, eight ancestral halls in Goulan village, two ancestral halls in Qingxi village and one ancestral hall in Xiaohebian village were used as samples for detailed analysis. The study shows that affected by the defensiveness of the settlements, the compact layout of the Minyao settlements does not leave much land for ancestral halls. In Minyao settlements with multiple surnames, the ancestral hall is the core space of the surname living group, not the core space of the village. In Minyao settlements with single or double surnames, the ancestral hall is the core space of small-scale living groups and the entire settlement. The ancestral hall is not crucial in Minyao settlements, and Minyao settlements should pay attention to the protection of the ancestral hall and its external space.

传统聚落是人民在生产、生活中与自然相互作用的结果,承载着民族的生存智慧和文化特色,有着重要的理论与现实价值.湘西南属于少数民族聚居地区,具有众多典型的传统聚落,选取绥宁县4个传统村落为研究样本,采用社会网络分析法对聚落建筑空间网络结构展开研究,并揭示其特征价值下的深层次文化内涵.结果表明聚落空间形态受到自然人文双重因素影响,自然环境奠定其整体空间格局,但内部空间节点传承着苗侗民族的思想观念、人文精神,部分空间节点设计体现出防御性价值.进一步基于文脉传承视角下.提出聚落空间保护和文化振兴策略.研究成果在丰富地区少数民族聚落研究理论、传统聚落空间网络保护体系构建等方面具有实践意义,对乡村振兴规划、民族文化传承具有启示作用和实践意义.

湘西地区地貌复杂,长久以来与世隔绝.新中国成立前,这里地方势力割据,宗族矛盾尖锐,匪患猖獗.在长期混战中,湘西的传统村落在选址、组团形态、街巷布局、建筑形态等方面形成了特有的防御风貌.如今,这些防御系统成为我国不可或缺的文化遗产.通过梳理传统村落防御体系脉络,提出创造文化氛围的可持续发展路径,实现湘西传统聚落文化特色的保护与发展振兴.

高椅古村位于湖南省会同县境内的巫水河畔,是历史闻名的烟土之路必经地,曾富甲一方.新中国成立前,湘西匪患肆虐,村民备受骚扰,苦求生存与发展之道.经过世代探索营建,高椅村形成了以迷惑防御功能为特色的聚落格局:因为村内道路错综复杂,外人进入难以辨别方向,所以民间流传高椅古村聚落格局暗藏"梅花阵".本文通过运用空间句法理论,从交通格局及视域特征视角剖析"梅花阵"与聚落空间的耦合原理,挖掘古村文化底蕴及景观特色,为其提出保护开发策略,以期为民间具有鲜明地域特色的传统村落的保护与振兴启迪灵感、拓展思路.

随着建筑材料的发展与创新,许多环境问题接踵而至,因此自然材料变得尤为重要.中国传统村落的物质基础是建筑材料,且不同地区的材料具有地域性.通过田野调查法对凤凰县老洞村和关田山村建筑材料进行研究,深入探讨湘西传统建筑材料分类及构造方法和其语言符号,并思考其与现代技术的结合.本文分析了湘西苗族村落的材料因子及其使用方式,提出其在现代建筑中的应用,以期为当代建筑与传统村落的结合提供更多理论基础.

土家族传统村落是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产,其空间形态有着重要的研究价值.本文基于空间句法理论,选取"土家第一村"——湖南省湘西永顺县双凤村作为研究样本,结合实地调研和当地规划,建立村落轴线模型,通过整合度、协同度、选择度和可理解度四个参数数据,对村落空间进行定量分析,并对空间形态特征进行解析.依据分析结果,提出双凤村空间优化建议,旨在为土家族传统村落的空间形态系统保护和可持续发展提供参考.

“社区规划师”这个称谓可见诸于西方某些国家、我国台湾地区,以及国内若干城市,迄今并没有统一的定义,其工作领域和社会角色的性质差异很大.文章罗列出中西方不同城市的社区规划师培养模式与长沙市社区规划师培养模式,并对现有社区规划师模式进行分类和归纳,同时阐述“长沙模式”在长沙本地社区及类似社区的适用性与先进性,提出“长沙模式”下的社区规划师培养思路,充实社区规划师这一新兴事物在国内的理论与实践研究.

运用借色的手法,分类对长沙市4个特色地铁站点周边色彩环境调研,对整体景观使用coreldraw软件分析,局部节点使用潘通色卡目视比对,利用photoshop软件转化成CMYK色彩参数,得出特色站点周边环境色谱.最后结合地铁站内环境特点和色彩应用原则形成长沙市地铁车站适用色彩色谱.

With the global outreach of green ecological idea,architects should combine their design works with green ecological technology,which has resulted in far-reaching influence on contemporary architecture design.Through theories and examples analyses,the concrete quantification of green building ideas in the design have been elaborated in detail,from three aspects: climate-building coupling,green ecological combination of technology and space,design and creation integrated ecological idea.Furthermore,the design strategies based on green ecological technology has been summarized,and several suggestions have been put forward aiming at cultivation of professional qualities from three aspects.

With the rapid development of the cities in China,many old industry buildings are needed to be reconstructed and reused.Starting from the goal of sustainable development,the reconstruction of the old industry buildings in urban renewal faces multiple challenges.Based on the analysis of the awarded design,some suitable passive technologies,in the hot summer and cold winter zone,were summarized for the reconstruction of the old industry buildings.The atrium and the vertical green skin were the most efficient technologies and worth to be used.Through the simulation,it was found that in the old industry buildings with large length,the design of the atrium could promote the natural ventilation efficiently by wind pressure and hot pressure.Furthermore,the buffer zone was also created.The simulation also proved that vertical green skin is the efficient shading design for passive cooling.

Based on the analysis of the status of architectural education,the liner design model and the singleness disciplinary educational model are founded unsuitable for the requirements of sustainable building design.The new teaching pattern,based on the integrated design model and multi-disciplinary design platform,is more effective for the design capacity training of undergraduates.BIM(Building information model) can afford the software platform for the integrated design model and meet the requirements of the society.By the improvements and practices on the teaching methodology,contents,teaching team and teaching time,the teaching reformation is successful.The design capacity of the undergraduates is improved,and many students win the awards from the national course contests.

本文通过分析建筑行业的重要性,提出可持续建筑是实现"两型社会"建设的重要内容,并依据国内外经验,分析了可持续建筑的实现途径,提出教育是实现可持续建筑的主要途径,并可根据对象与教育内容的不同,分为学校教育、职业再教育和普及教育三种。着重探讨了学校教育的不足以及对"两型社会"的影响,提出可持续建筑教育体系应包含设计方法模式的改变、模拟仿真评价工具的学习和相关设备材料技术的知识。

Based on the site selection of Hunan rural housing with hilly terrain,the northern vegetation can shelter the house in flat area from cold wind in winter,and the natural ventilation in summer will not be influenced.It is useful for rural housing to improve the indoor thermal environment.The influence of different distances between the vegetation and the house were simulated in the section by CFD,and the optimal distance was obtained on the basis of the zero dimension pressure distribution on southern and northern wall surfaces.Then,the different widths of vegetation were also simulated in plane in the same way,and the optimal width was obtained.At last,the optimal design model of rural housing with vegetation was obtained,and the different requirements of natural ventilation in winter and summer can be satisfied simultaneously.

A case study is performed on the influence of the patio on the indoor environment of a traditional folk house group, named Zhangguying village in Hunan province, in the summer of 2007. Measurements include indoor and outdoor air temperature, indoor and outdoor illuminance, indoor and outdoor air speed, and carried out from August 5th to 10th. The results show that the patio, acting as a ”buffer zone”, can reduce the ambient impacts on the indoor thermal environment of rooms because the temperature of the patio is lower than that of the outdoor temperature but higher than that of the rooms. The patio can improve the indoor lighting environment because the illuminance of the patio is lower than that of outdoor and higher than that of the rooms. But the effect is too limited, because the illuminance of the rooms is lower than the national standards. This study shows that the shading design is the primary consideration in this kind of climate. The wind speed of the patio is stable and similar to that of the hall and the stack effect of the patio is not obvious. It shows that the patio is useful for natural ventilation, caused by wind pressure, in summer.

Aiming at the climate characteristics of central-north region of Hunan Province,this article analyzes ancient houses in Zhang Guying Village based on investigation,studies the building technologies used in traditional folk houses in this region from the perspective of location,form,materials and technics,and proposes design strategies adaptable to the local climate.

Long-term field measurements of the indoor and outdoor temperatures,the surface temperature of building envelop and air speed were used to analyze the thermal environment,influenced by the applied passive technologies,in the typical Chinese traditional residential building in the north of Hunan Province in summer.The results showed that the air temperature of the traditional residential building outdoors,transitional spaces and indoors decreased and were lower than that of the modern house;the attenuation and time lag between the outside and inside surface temperature of the southern wall were obvious,and the wall surface temperature with the shading devices was lower than that of the wall without shading;in the transitional spaces,the wind direction was along the south-north axis and the speed was stable.Together with the analysis of building design and construction,some valuable conclusions were summarized: high-density housing planning encouraged passive cooling;proper window-wall ratio and good shading design for openings improved the indoor thermal environment;the solid wall with a large thickness showed good thermal insulation in summer;the shading and natural ventilation effects of transitional spaces were useful for the improvement of the indoor thermal environment.

Traditional design method and process is hard to adapt the demand of green building design, but new sustainable design method needs the help and support of new software system.Thus the development of green building software system is significance to the development and popularization of green building.This paper introduces the concept of integrated building design aiming at energy conservation and advances the problems faced by current green building design software and tools.Subsequently, this paper demonstrates the basic framework and process of the development of green building design software system and discusses the application of this framework during different design stages.

Aiming at current situation of sustainable building development and domestic reality,the researchers bring forward the pattern of sustainable architectural education system.They point out that the change of design pattern,the learning of implements for analog,simulation,evaluation,and the enhancement of equipment,material and technical know-how related to sustainability are the key contents of sustainable architectural education,by which the Hunan University carries out reform in concerned curriculum.By the analysis of questionnaire,the researchers point out that the education system reform should combine the dissemination and popularization on network platform with the reform of construction of teaching material and teaching method.