Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved survival outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but they are frequently associated with immune-related adverse events that can compromise treatment continuity and patient quality of life. A high-quality prediction model could facilitate early identification and prevention. However, the quality and applicability of existing models in clinical practice and future research remain unknown. To systematically review published studies on risk prediction models for immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were searched from inception to May 7, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and used the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability. Stata 16.0 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of the area under the curve restricted to externally validated models predicting checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis and to pool predictors reported in at least two studies. A total of 32 studies comprising 9462 patients were included, the incidence of immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ranged from 5.00

Heart failure imposes a significant healthcare burden, with early unplanned readmissions post-discharge linked to poor outcomes. Identifying risk factors and their predictive value is crucial for targeted interventions. To investigate gender differences in cumulative hazard function and the factors influencing 30-day unplanned readmissions in heart failure patients, and to compare their predictive value. A prospective study of heart failure patients hospitalized in Beijing Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024. Patients’ nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Scale Short Version (MNA-SF), frailty was evaluated using the Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), and the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI) was calculated. Multifactorial Cox regression analysis was conducted, and ROC curves were plotted for predictive modeling. A total of 121 heart failure patients (60.3

Evidence directly comparing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients, especially in young and middle-aged individuals, remains limited. This study aimed to (1) investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and (2) compare their prognostic impacts on adverse outcomes to identify protective body composition phenotypes. The findings are hypothesized to provide new perspectives on the HF obesity paradox. This prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2022 to October 2023. The primary endpoint was 1-year HF-related readmission or all-cause mortality. Prolonged hospital stays and 90-day HF-related readmission or all-cause mortality were set as secondary outcomes. Associations of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with poor clinical outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity prevalence were 26.4% (n = 57) and 19.4% (n = 42) among 216 participants, with malnutrition present in 77.2% (44/57) and 71.4% (30/42) of cases, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity independently predicted 1-year HF-related readmission or all-cause mortality (sarcopenia vs nonsarcopenia: HR = 2.048 [95% CI:1.064∼3.940], p = 0.032; sarcopenic obesity vs nonsarcopenic obesity: HR = 1.932 [95% CI:1.062∼3.515], p = 0.031). Sarcopenic obesity also independently predicted the prolonged hospital stay (OR = 2.418 [95% CI:1.050∼5.567], p = 0.038). In conclusion, hospitalized HF patients were susceptible to sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and the double burden of malnutrition and obesity. Muscle mass, rather than fat mass, may exert protective effects, which could partially explain the HF obesity paradox. Interventions aimed at reducing obesity while ensuring the maintenance of, or an increase in, muscle mass should be developed.

Objectives: This study explores the attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals on palliative care of patients with heart failure (HF), uncovers potential barriers and identifies possible interventions to meet the palliative care needs. Materials and Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 cardiovascular and palliative care professionals from six hospitals in Beijing, China. Purposive sampling ensured diversity in roles and clinical settings, and we used directed content analysis to analyse the data. Results: Healthcare professionals discussed their views and experiences on the timing of palliative referral for patients with HF. They stated that patient and family perceptions of illness and palliative care could influence palliative care referral and other barriers to palliative care. They also suggested that quality communication was a key to palliative care implementation. Conclusion: Hospitals should increase the building of palliative care professional teams and improve the communication skills of healthcare professionals. Palliative care related publicity and education should be carried out for patients, their families and the public to improve their cognition of palliative care. Healthcare professionals should fully assess the needs and disease progression of patients with HF and their families to better integrate palliative care at an earlier stage of disease development to improve patients’ quality of life.

The epidemiological characteristics of malnutrition in cancer patients remain unclear. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, published in 2019, were established to compare the prevalence of malnutrition globally, drive the development of standardized care practices, and promote improved clinical outcomes. This study aimed to systematically assess the prevalence and related factors of malnutrition in cancer patients based on the GLIM criteria, and to evaluate its association with clinical outcomes. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Embase up to July 20, 2024. Eligible studies were observational (cross-sectional or cohort), involved adult cancer patients, and assessed nutritional status using the GLIM criteria. Studies were required to report at least one of the following outcomes: prevalence of malnutrition, associated factors, or relevant clinical outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² and Q tests. A random-effects model was used when significant heterogeneity was present (I²>50

BACKGROUND:This study aims to evaluate the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for nutrition assessment in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients, consider the performance of various combinations of phenotypic and etiologic criteria, and assess their predictive validity for adverse health outcomes. METHODS:A total of 216 patients, consecutively enrolled from June 2022 to October 2022, participated in this prospective cohort study and underwent assessments with 21 GLIM combinations. The 1-year all-cause mortality or HF-related readmission was used as the composite clinical outcome. For testing criterion validity, agreement and accuracy tests and Cox regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS:The detected prevalence of malnutrition across 21 GLIM criteria combinations reached 26.9%. The GLIM combinations containing reduced muscle mass, inflammation, and/or reduced food intake showed acceptable sensitivity and satisfactory predictive validity (with HRs ranging from 2.043 [95% CI: 1.087-3.837], P = 0.026 to 3.367 [95% CI: 1.652 - 6.863], P = 0.001). CONCLUSION:Malnutrition identified by the GLIM criteria was associated with 1-year all-cause mortality or HF-related readmission. Muscle mass is the core GLIM phenotype criterion for identifying hospitalized HF patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes, and it is strongly suggested that relevant assessment be conducted without omission. The occurrence of reduced food intake may fulfill the GLIM etiology criteria, and if testing is available, inflammation levels should be measured to confirm the etiologic criteria.

AIM:To explore the impact and interrelated pathway of work environment, career adaptability, and social support on the transition process and outcomes among new nurses.BACKGROUND:The transition issue affecting new nurses has been discussed for many decades. However, the exact interplay of various factors influencing the transition process and outcomes needs further exploration.METHODS:A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was employed, and a convenient sample of 1628 new nurses from 22 tertiary hospitals in China was surveyed between November 2018 and October 2019. Mediation model analysis was used to analyze the data, and the STROBE checklist was used to report the study.FINDINGS:The transition status mediated the effects of work environment, career adaptability and social support, and had a significantly positive influence on their intention to remain and job satisfaction. Among the influencing factors, the work environment had the most significant positive impact on both the intention to remain and job satisfaction.CONCLUSION:Work environment was found to be the most significant factor affecting both the transition status and outcomes of new nurses. The transition status played an important mediating role between the influencing factors and the transition outcomes, whereas career adaptability was found to mediate the impact of social support and work environment in the transition process.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND NURSING POLICIES:The results underscore the critical role of the work environment and demonstrate the mediating effects of transition status and career adaptability in the transition process of new nurses. Therefore, dynamic evaluation of the transition status should serve as the foundation for developing targeted supportive interventions. Such interventions should also focus on enhancing career adaptability and fostering a supportive work environment to facilitate the transition of new nurses.

IntroductionFrailty significantly influences the prognosis of elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure. The assessment of frailty is a critical initial step in the management of these patients, as a systematic and precise evaluation facilitates the identification of individuals at high risk. This identification enables timely and targeted interventions, which can subsequently reduce the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life for elderly patients with heart failure. Nevertheless, there exists a notable deficiency in research regarding the most effective frailty assessment tools specifically for elderly patients with heart failure in China. The objective of this study is to identify the frailty assessment tool that demonstrates the highest predictive value for outcomes in this population.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, prospective cohort investigation that commenced in October 2023 across three tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Employing a continuous enrolment strategy, the study encompasses all elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure who are undergoing either outpatient or inpatient treatment, continuing until an adequate sample size is achieved. Follow-up evaluations are scheduled every 3 months from the point of patient enrolment, extending until the 12th month post-enrolment. Comprehensive data collection, which includes demographic information, heart failure-related metrics, frailty assessments and significant biochemical test results, is conducted through face-to-face interviews at baseline.Ethics and disseminationParticipant inclusion will depend on obtaining written informed consent from the patient or guardian. The trial protocol was approved by the Central Ethics Committee of Beijing Hospital. The approval letter number is 2023BJYYEC-356-01. Outcomes of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

BackgroundTransition issues have been discussed for many decades, yet little is known about successful transition expectations in the context of Chinese culture.PurposeThis article was designed to describe the expectations of newly graduated nurses in China regarding successful transition.MethodsA qualitative, descriptive study design was employed, and a purposive sampling method was used to recruit interviewees. All of the one-to-one conversations were held in a quiet room to ensure privacy. All of the interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsNineteen new nurses were recruited from seven tertiary hospitals and participated in the in-depth interview process. Transition success, that is, "professional metamorphosis," was revealed through the four themes of "being competent in nursing work," "establishing a professional identity," "establishing comfortable interpersonal relationships," and "achieving balance between work and life."Conclusions/Implications for PracticeChinese new nurses expect their successful transition to achieve a professional metamorphosis in many aspects. A successful transition is not only a journey of professionalization but also a process of socialization. New nurses expect to achieve both maturity in their work and wisdom in life. The results of this study provide a greater understanding of transition issues in the context of Chinese culture. Thus, support and strategies cannot be limited to interventions designed to improve working competence but should be individualized to help new nurses achieve a smooth transition.

Abstract Background The prevalence of heart failure is continually increasing, impacting various regions and populations. The application of online communities in healthcare has emerged as a significant area of research. However, the exploration of Chinese public attitudes and content regarding heart failure from a popular perspective remains uncharted. Objective Describing the sentimental attitudes and main themes of Posts by Users on the “Heart Failure Bar” in Baidu Tieba. Methods Data were processed using Python programming. Comments from the "Heart Failure Bar" in Baidu Tieba were collected, followed by data cleaning, preprocessing, saving, and analysis. Findings A total of 37,495 comments were included, with themes encompassing “symptom and experience sharing”, “concerns about the quality of life”, “seeking advice and providing recommendations”, and “sharing resource”. Of the 22,371 "sentiment sentences" subjected to sentiment analysis, 2,258 were positive, 5,004 moderately positive, 6,765 neutral, 5,316 moderately negative, and 3,028 negative. The average sentiment score of the texts was 0.36, indicating an overall moderately negative public attitude towards heart failure. Conclusions Users related to heart failure in China have a strong desire for more professional medical services. Regional disparities in medical standards present a significant issue. Online communities demonstrate potential in bridging gaps in healthcare services.

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases the risk of death or adverse outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Therefore, early identification and treatment of high‐risk groups of VTE have been the research focus. In this systematic review, the risk assessment tools of VTE in patients with lung cancer were systematically analyzed and evaluated to provide a reference for VTE management. Methods Relevant studies were retrieved from major English databases (The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI] and WanFang Data) until July 2023 and extracted by two researchers. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (no. CRD42023409748). Results Finally, two prospective cohort studies and four retrospective cohort studies were included from 2019. There was a high risk of bias in all included studies according to the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment tool (PROBAST). In the included studies, Cox and logistic regression were used to construct models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the model ranged from 0.670 to 0.904, and the number of predictors ranged from 4 to 11. The D‐dimer index was included in five studies, but significant differences existed in optimal cutoff values from 0.0005 mg/L to 2.06 mg/L. Then, three studies validated the model externally, two studies only validated the model internally, and only one study validated the model using a combination of internal and external validation. Conclusion VTE risk prediction models for patients with lung cancer have received attention for no more than 5 years. The included model shows a good predictive effect and may help identify the risk population of VTE at an early stage. In the future, it is necessary to improve data modeling and statistical analysis methods, develop predictive models with good performance and low risk of bias, and focus on external validation and recalibration of models.

蒽环类药物相关心脏毒性是接受化疗的乳腺癌患者生存期死亡的首要原因,不仅在一定程度上限制了药物的临床应用,也对患者的远期预后、生活质量及生命造成了严重威胁.蒽环类药物相关心脏毒性的早期识别和干预可提高患者的生存获益,逆转负性结局.该文对乳腺癌蒽环类药物化疗患者心脏毒性危险因素、评估工具以及预防措施进行综述,旨在改善患者的生活质量,最大程度提高患者的生存获益,为临床进一步探索有效的预防措施提供依据.

目的 本研究旨在探讨人类表皮生长因子受体2(humman epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)阳性(+)乳腺癌患者蒽环类药物相关急性心脏毒性(anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity,ACT)的危险因素,并构建其诺曼图(nomogram)预测模型,以期为此类患者的预测、诊断与预防提供理论依据.方法 回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2021年12月收治的HER2+乳腺癌患者319例,根据蒽环类药物化疗后是否发生急性ACT将其分成急性ACT组(n=149)与无急性ACT组(n=170).采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨HER2+乳腺癌患者发生急性ACT的影响因素,并进一步用R软件建立nomogram预测模型.结果 两组患者在年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、高血压病史、高血脂病史、糖尿病病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、联用右丙亚胺、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-H)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及α-羟丁氨酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、糖尿病病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、联合右丙亚胺、LDL-H、CK-MB是HER2+乳腺癌患者发生急性ACT的危险因素(P＜0.05).以上述危险因素为指标构建nomogram预测模型,一致性指数(C-Index)为0.870[95％CI(0.831,0.909)],Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验结果显示,该预测模型的拟合效果良好(x2=11.180,P=0.192).结论 BMI、糖尿病病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、联合右丙亚胺、LDL-H、CK-MB是HER2+乳腺癌患者发生急性ACT的危险因素,基于上述危险因素构建的nomogram预测模型具有良好的区分度及准确性,可有效识别高危患者,对临床有一定的指导意义.

Python作为近年来广受欢迎的编程语言之一,有着开源、免费、丰富的第三方库,护理学者可根据不同需求选择和使用.本文旨在介绍Python语言的特点及其网络爬虫、数据预处理、机器学习、统计分析和网络编程等功能在护理研究领域中的应用现状,并提出未来的应用展望,以期为Python语言在护理研究领域的使用和推广提供参考,为促进护理领域的发展提供借鉴.

Purpose There is a lack of studies that systematically evaluate the clinical factors of PICC-RVT such as treatment, tumor stage, metastasis, and chemotherapy drugs in cancer patients. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the clinical factors of catheter-related venous thrombosis in cancer patients with indwelling PICC to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and reduction of thrombosis. Methods Relevant studies were retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and China Biology Medicine disc (CMB)) and searched from their earliest available dates until July 2022. If two or more studies had the same outcome, a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4.1 was performed. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (number CRD42022358426). Results A total of 19 articles involving 19,824 patients were included for quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated that a history of chemotherapy, tumor type, tumor stage, presence or absence of metastasis, and use of fluorouracil, etoposide, platinum drugs, and taxane were all risk factors for PICC catheter thrombosis in cancer patients. Conclusion In clinical PICC catheter thrombosis prevention, patients with the above characteristics should be watched more closely than other patients, as they have a higher risk for PICC catheter thrombosis. Based on the present evidence at hand, radiotherapy cannot be considered to be related to the formation of PICC-RVT in cancer patients.

Previous studies have comprehensively evaluated predictive models related to peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis (PICC-RVT) , but have not further elaborated on its application and effect in the tumor patient population. This article reviews the PICC-RVT evaluation tools that are clinically mature and applicable to cancer patients, analyzes the presentation forms, statistical methods, and limitations of different models, in order to provide suggestions and references for model selection by clinical healthcare professionals and the construction of future PICC-RVT prediction models for cancer patients.

Background and aims The assessment of muscle mass using technology-based methods is less commonly performed when applying the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria due to the lack of skilled clinical nutrition practitioners and/or equipment. Based on the predictive validity of poor health outcomes and feasibility in clinical practice, this study aimed to analyze whether the measurement of calf circumference (CC), mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), and the physical examination could be used as substitutes for muscle mass assessment, as well as handgrip strength (HGS) used as a substitution when applying the GLIM criteria in hospitalized HF patients. Methods and results From June 2022 to January 2023, a single-center prospective study including 216 patients was performed. Additionally, covariates were identified by a directed acyclic graph. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was also used to analyze and compare the association between poor health outcomes and malnutrition (based on 5 types of GLIM criteria). Cohen-kappa coefficient and TELOS-feasibility score were calculated. The prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 35.2% to 42.6%, depending on the tool used. After adjusting for covariates, malnutrition assessed using CC, MAC, or physical examination within the GLIM criteria was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes (90-day HF-related readmission or all-cause mortality and prolonged hospital stay) but not with HGS. Conclusion CC, MAC and results from physical examination but not HGS may serve as a substitutive metric of muscle mass contained in the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition and predict poor clinical outcomes among HF patients. Registration number This study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (ChiCTR2200057876) on 20 Mar. 2022.

Background and aims: In the absence of a gold standard or scientific consensus regarding the nutritional evaluation of heart failure (HF) patients, this study aimed to summarize and systematically evaluate the prognostic value of nutritional screening and assessment tools used for all-cause mortality in HF patients. Methods and results: Relevant studies were retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and China Biology Medicine disc (CMB)) and searched from the earliest available date until July 2021. If three or more studies used the same tool, meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 was performed. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (number CRD42021275575). A total of 36 articles involving 25,141 HF patients were included for qualitative analysis and 31 studies for quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated, poor nutritional status evaluated by using 5 nutritional screening tools (Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Controlling Nutritional Status Score (CONUT), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Short Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF)) or 2 nutritional assessment tools (the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Generated Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)) predicted allcause mortality in HF patients. Of all tools analyzed, MNA had the maximum HR for mortality [HR = 2.62, 95%CI 1.11-6.20, P = 0.03] and MNA-SF [HR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.40-2.70, P<0.001] was the best nutritional screening tools. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status predicted all-cause mortality in HF patients. MNA may be the best nutritional assessment tool, and MNA-SF is most recommended for HF patient nutritional screening. The application value of MNA, especially in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), needs to be further confirmed. The clinical application value of MiniNutrition Assessment Special for Heart Failure (MNA-HF) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in HF patients needs to be confirmed. (c) 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.