The development of efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for antibiotic degradation remains a critical challenge in environmental remediation. Herein, we report a novel Cu-doped BiOIO3/Co/Zn-ZIF (Cu-BiOIO3/ZIF) heterojunction photocatalyst synthesized via an ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly strategy. Systematic optimization revealed that the composite with 5mol% Cu doping and 4wt% ZIF loading (denoted as 5Cu-BiOIO₃/4-ZIF) exhibited superior photocatalytic performance, achieving 86.70% degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC, 20mgL-1) within 90min under visible light irradiation. The apparent rate constant (0.0233min-1) were 4.5, 7.5, and 1.7 times higher than those of pristine BiOIO3, Co/Zn-ZIF, and Cu-BiOIO3, respectively, surpassing most reported BiOIO3-based photocatalysts. Comprehensive characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrated that Cu2+ doping induced surface iodine enrichment and stabilized the I5+/I- redox couple, thereby creating abundant active sites for charge carrier separation. Meanwhile, the formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction between Cu-BiOIO3 and Co/Zn-ZIF facilitated efficient spatial separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Based on HPLC-MS analysis, radical trapping experiments, and band structure alignment studies, a plausible OTC degradation pathway and charge transfer mechanism were proposed. This work provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance heterojunction photocatalysts for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

The persistent accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems has become a serious environmental threat, there is therefore an urgent need to develop highly effective photocatalytic remediation strategies. In this paper, a ternary BiVO4/NiFe-LDH/Bi2S3 composite with a dual Z-scheme heterojunction was synthesized using a mechanical stirring-assisted self-assembly method for the photodegradation of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC). Under visible light irradiation, the optimized ternary catalyst achieved a CTC degradation efficiency of 92.72% within 90 min. This catalyst also exhibits acceptable salt tolerance, versatility and stability. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) confirmed a significant increase in the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the composite material. Combined with XPS, PL and EIS analyses, this indicated that the BiVO4/NiFe-LDH/Bi2S3 dual Z-scheme heterojunction effectively suppressed the recombination of photo-generated carriers and promoted the formation of superoxide radicals (•O2−) and holes (h+). Furthermore,potential degradation pathways for CTC were investigated via DFT calculations and LC-MS, and the toxicity of the degradation solutions was assessed. This study provides a viable strategy for the design of multicomponent dual Z-scheme photocatalysts for the purification of water contaminated with antibiotics.

Photocatalytic technology based on heterojunction structure has been proved to be an effective way to solve environmental pollution and energy problems. In this paper, L-cysteine-modified BiOCl/I-doped Bi2O2CO3 composite photocatalyst was synthesized by solid-phase grinding for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). A series of characterization results show that I ion doping produces defect sites and electron capture centers on Bi2O2CO3, causing lattice distortion, effectively reducing the band gap of Bi2O2CO3, enhancing the absorption capacity of visible light, and promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers. The specific surface area of BiOCl modified by L-cysteine increased, providing more adsorption sites, improving light absorption, and exposing more active crystal planes. The Z-scheme heterojunction formed by L-cysteine-modified BiOCl/I-doped Bi2O2CO3 coupling effectively promotes charge transfer, further promotes carrier separation, and improves photocatalytic activity. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of CIP in the optimized system was 91.2 % within 100 min, and the stability was excellent. In addition, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the L-cysteine-modified BiOCl/I-doped Bi2O2CO3 composite catalyst and the possible degradation pathway of CIP were studied for the first time. This study provides new insights into the photocatalytic degradation of CIP by modified Bi2O2CO3-based catalysts and broadens its potential application in wastewater remediation.

Antibiotic contamination in water bodies requires effective photocatalytic remediation solutions. In this paper, a ternary double Z-scheme heterojunction Ag3VO4/CuCo2O4/Bi4O5Br2 (AVO/CCO/BOB) was synthesized via a facile precipitation-hydrothermal route. Systematic characterization confirmed successful formation of the heterojunction with enhanced visible-light harvesting (band gap approximate to 2.31 eV) and suppressed charge recombination. The optimized 30-AVO/CCO/BOB (mCCO/mBOB = 7%; nAVO/nCCO/BOB = 30%) exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, degrading 86.57% of ciprofloxacin (CIP, 20 mg center dot L- 1) within 120 min under visible-light irradiation. The corresponding pseudo-first-order kinetic constant was 0.01398 min- 1, which was 3.55 times higher than that of pure Bi4O5Br2. After screening the reaction conditions, the degradation rate of 30-AVO/CCO/BOB reached 89.37%. Mechanistic investigations combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and radical trapping experiments verified the double Z-scheme charge transfer pathway in the composite, endowing it with strong redox capability. Density functional theory calculation (DFT) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were employed to explore the plausible degradation pathways of CIP. ECOSAR toxicity assessment revealed that the acute toxicity of CIP was diminished after photocatalytic treatment. Moreover, the 30-AVO/CCO/BOB catalyst retained more than 70% of its photocatalytic activity after five consecutive cycling tests. Meanwhile, it exhibited excellent degradation performance toward various antibiotics in different water matrices. These results demonstrate the promising potential of the multicomponent Bi4O5Br2 based Z-scheme heterojunction for the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated water.

Antibiotic residues in aquatic environments pose a persistent threat to ecosystems and human health, necessitating efficient remediation strategies. This study presents a supramolecular-engineered type-II heterojunction that integrates β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) surface functionalization with a coral-like BiOIO3/β-Bi2O3 heterostructure for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC). β-CD functionalization simultaneously extends visible-light harvesting through supramolecular sensitization and concentrates OTC molecules at the catalyst surface via host-guest inclusion complexation, which collectively accelerates interfacial charge-transfer kinetics. Concurrently, the staggered type-II band alignment between BiOIO3 and β-Bi2O3 promotes efficient spatial separation of photogenerated carriers, suppressing recombination. The optimized composite (2.5β-CD/BiOIO3/30β-Bi2O3) achieves 87.34% OTC degradation within 60 min, exhibiting a pseudo-first-order rate constant 2.87-fold that of pristine BiOIO3. Comprehensive characterizations confirm the heterojunction architecture and reactive oxygen species evolution. The catalyst exhibits satisfactory photostability after being used 4 times. Degradation pathways are elucidated via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), while density functional theory (DFT) calculations of electrostatic potential, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) distributions identify the preferential reactive sites of OTC, providing molecular-level mechanistic insight. This work decouples the synergistic contributions of surface supramolecular engineering and heterojunction band engineering, offering a design strategy for photocatalytic remediation of refractory pharmaceutical pollutants.

In this paper, Co2+ was successfully assembled into a complex by solvothermal method with meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP), and then a novel P/BiOIO3/Co-TCPP inorganic-organic composite photo-catalytic material was prepared by one-pot solvothermal method. It was found that after 60 min of reaction under visible light, the degradation rate of the preferred P/BiOIO3/Co-TCPP composite material for 20 mg/L oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) reached 88.15 %, with its pseudo-first-order kinetic model fitting constant measured at 0.03852 min(-1). It was 5.12 and 1.52 times that of BiOIO3 and P-doped BiOIO3 respectively, and there was no significant decrease in activity after three consecutive uses. Meanwhile, the noxiousness of the OTC solution after photocatalytic degradation by this catalyst was significantly reduced. The characterization results indicate that the primary factor contributing to the improved activity is the P/BiOIO3/Co-TCPP catalyst can be attributed to the doping of BiOIO3 by P and the coupling of Co-TCPP to BiOIO3, which significantly improves the catalyst's response ability to visible light. Meanwhile, P/BiOIO3 and Co-TCPP form a Z-scheme heterojunction, which greatly facilitates the separation of photogenerated carriers. Finally, the electron transfer mechanism and possible degradation pathways of the photocatalytic degradation of OTC by P/BiOIO3/Co-TCPP were proposed. This study provides a feasible and effective method for the modification of BiOIO3-based heterojunction photocatalysts and the treatment of antibiotics in water bodies.

A novel direct Z-scheme heterostructure integrating Zn3V2O8 with Ni-doped Bi4O5Br2 was constructed through a solvothermal synthesis performed in two sequential steps. Optimization results indicated that the photocatalyst containing 1 mol% Ni and 7 wt% Zn3V2O8 achieved the highest activity, exhibiting a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of 0.0233 min−1 for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal, which represents 4.6 times and 2.1 times fold increases compared with pristine Bi4O5Br2 and Ni-Bi4O5Br2, respectively. Under the optimized reaction parameters, 90.2% of CIP (20 mg/L) was degraded within 60 min under visible light. Even after repeated cycling tests, the photocatalyst still preserved satisfactory performance and also displayed favorable salt resistance together with effective degradation ability toward several representative antibiotics, highlighting its promise for real-world application. By combining density functional theory (DFT) analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), the degradation route of CIP and the transformation behavior of intermediates were elucidated, whereas ECOSAR evaluation indicated a marked decrease in the residual toxicity of the resulting products. Detailed characterization further demonstrated that Ni incorporation modulated the electronic band configuration of Bi4O5Br2, while the constructed direct Z-scheme heterojunction facilitated efficient spatial charge separation and simultaneously preserved strong redox capability. Overall, this work offers useful guidance for the rational development of multicomponent Bi4O5Br2-based direct Z-scheme photocatalysts aimed at pharmaceutical wastewater remediation.

The widespread accumulation of antibiotics in natural waters and soils has raised urgent environmental concerns. In this study, a composite of hydroxyapatite (HAP), citric acid (CA), and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) system was constructed to mimic natural interfacial processes and to investigate the synergistic mechanism of pollutant degradation under aerobic conditions. Experimental results showed that the HAP/CA/Fe(II) system achieved 86.8% removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) within 180 min, with an initial rate constant of 2.2 × 10−2 min−1. The cumulative •OH concentration reached 205.7 μM, and the system also exhibited high removal efficiency toward multiple organic pollutants. Radical quenching experiments revealed that •OH and O2•− contributed 75.6% and 24.4% to CIP oxidation, whereas •OH was the predominant ROS in the system. Mechanism studies demonstrated that CA acted as a ligand, anchoring Fe(II) onto the HAP surface through coordination with Ca2+ sites by the carboxyl groups. XPS analysis indicated that Fe(II) accounted for 60.2% of the total Fe, serving as the primary electron source for O2 activation. DFT calculations showed that the composite interface strongly adsorbed O2 with an adsorption energy of −2.34 eV and facilitated electron transfer of 0.74 e− per O2 molecule, promoting the one-electron reduction of O2 to O2•− and subsequent generation •OH. Toxicity assessment confirmed that most degradation intermediates exhibited lower toxicity than CIP. Collectively, this study elucidated the microscopic mechanism of synergistic O2 activation at the mineral–organic ligand–iron interface and could offer a promising strategy for in-situ remediation of antibiotic-contaminated environments.

Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments has become an increasingly serious issue, creating an urgent need for efficient and environmentally friendly remediation technologies. Herein, a Bi0-BiVO4/PPy composite photocatalyst was prepared through a combined hydrothermal, in situ reduction, and oxidative polymerization strategy for visible-light-driven tetracycline (TC) removal. Under optimized reaction conditions, Bi0-BiVO4/PPy-3 achieved 85.4% TC removal within 60 min and exhibited a significantly improved reaction rate compared with pristine BiVO4. The composite also showed good recyclability after regeneration, satisfactory salt tolerance, and stable activity in different water matrices. Moreover, a preliminary wheat-growth assay suggested that the treated solution had lower phytotoxicity than the original TC solution. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is associated with the synergistic effects of Bi0 introduction and PPy coupling, including improved visible-light absorption and more efficient interfacial charge separation. Radical trapping experiments and EPR analysis indicate that •h+ and ·O2- are the dominant reactive species in the TC degradation process. Based on the available experimental and DFT calculations, a possible Z-scheme like charge transfer pathway and several tentative degradation routes of TC were proposed. Overall, this work suggests that Bi0-BiVO4/PPy is a promising visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for antibiotic removal from water.

Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments has become an increasingly serious issue, creating an urgent need for efficient and environmentally friendly remediation technologies. Herein, a Bi0-BiVO4/PPy composite photocatalyst was prepared through a combined hydrothermal, in situ reduction, and oxidative polymerization strategy for visible-light-driven tetracycline (TC) removal. Under optimized reaction conditions, Bi0-BiVO4/PPy-3 achieved 85.4% TC removal within 60 min and exhibited a significantly improved reaction rate compared with pristine BiVO4. The composite also showed good recyclability after regeneration, satisfactory salt tolerance, and stable activity in different water matrices. Moreover, a preliminary wheat-growth assay suggested that the treated solution had lower phytotoxicity than the original TC solution. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is associated with the synergistic effects of Bi0 introduction and PPy coupling, including improved visible-light absorption and more efficient interfacial charge separation. THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) further revealed enhanced terahertz absorption and a modulated refractive response in Bi0-BiVO4/PPy-3, providing additional evidence for strengthened interfacial coupling and charge transport. Radical trapping experiments and EPR analysis indicate that h+ and •O2− are the dominant reactive species in the TC degradation process. Based on the available experimental and DFT calculations, a possible Z-scheme like charge transfer pathway and several tentative degradation routes of TC were proposed. Overall, this work suggests that Bi0-BiVO4/PPy is a promising visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for antibiotic removal from water.

The antibiotic contamination in water bodies poses a serious threat to human health and ecological balance, and urgent measures are needed to purify it. In this study, a novel AgBr/Ag3PO4/GdFeO3 composite photocatalyst was prepared via ultrasound dispersion method, and it was used for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics such as norfloxacin(NOR) in water. Under optimal conditions, the degradation rate of 20 mg/L NOR by AgBr/ Ag3PO4/GdFeO3 reached 82.94 %, demonstrating superior photocatalytic activity compared to AgBr, Ag3PO4, GdFeO3, and AgBr/Ag3PO4, and it also has good stability for repeated use and wide applicability. The relevant characterization results reveal that the main reason for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of AgBr/Ag3PO4/ GdFeO3 is that the combination of AgBr and GdFeO3 with Ag3PO4 enhances its visible light response capability, increases its surface area, and constructs a dual Z-scheme heterojunction. Furthermore, the wheat seedling bioassay indicated that the photodegraded NOR solution exhibited a marked reduction in phytotoxicity. Finally, a dual Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism of AgBr/Ag3PO4/GdFeO3 was proposed, along with several possible pathways for the photocatalytic degradation of NOR. This study provides new insights for the improvement of Ag3PO4-based photocatalyst and offers a new reference for the treatment of wastewater containing NOR.

A novel double Z-type Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst was synthesized using one-pot hydrothermal method. The effects of Bi2WO6 and Cu-ZnO contents, antibiotic concentration, catalyst dosage, solution pH value, coexisting ions, antibiotic types, mixed antibiotic types, water source and light source on the catalytic performance of the Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 were investigated. Remarkably, under visible light irradiation, the removal rate of 20 mg/L norfloxacin reached 94.32 % within 120 min using the optimized Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst, and its pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants were 5.63 and 1.80 times higher than those of BiOI and BiOI/Bi2WO6, respectively. The toxicity prediction and experimental findings indicated that the toxicity of the degraded norfloxacin (NOR) solution was notably diminished. The Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 catalyst exhibited excellent salt tolerance, high reusability stability, universality and spectral response. Outstanding photocatalytic performance of Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst is primarily due to the co-recombination of Cu-ZnO and Bi2WO6 on BiOI, which increases the surface area and active sites of the catalyst. More importantly, the double Ztype heterojunction, created through the intimate union of the semiconductor boundary within the composite catalyst, enhances the interface charge transport efficacy and the efficiency of separating photogenerated carriers. Finally, in conjunction with a diverse range of experimental methodologies, the degradation pathway of NOR through the Cu-ZnO/BiOI/Bi2WO6 composite catalyst and the electron transfer mechanism within the double Z-type heterojunction have been comprehensively elucidated. This study provides a pioneering reference for optimizing BiOI-based heterojunction catalysts and addressing antibiotic-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Achieving efficient and valuable recycling of spent bleaching clay (SBC) is of great significance for the sustainable development of the edible oil processing industry. This study first explored pyrolysis characteristics and regeneration of SBC by using microwave-assisted pyrolysis. Results showed that 92.67 % of the gases produced by SBC at 800 degrees C were combustible, and the composition of the pyrolysis oil was close to jet fuel (82.70 %). The decolorization ratio of pyrolytic char produced at 700 degrees C reached 99.20 %. The reaction kinetics and mechanisms were elucidated based on online and offline analyses. The microwave pyrolysis of SBC conformed to the Avrami Erofeev model (A2) and the power law model (P3). Based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, the activation energy (Ea) of the microwave pyrolysis was 81.44 kJ/mol, significantly lower than that of conventional pyrolysis (295.01 kJ/mol). The pre-exponential factor was more than 109 s, which indicated that pyrolysis reactions of SBC were the loose junctional complex (simple complex) in nature. Saturated fatty acids were first deoxygenated, while unsaturated fatty acids underwent beta scission. As the temperature increased, alkanes and alkenes were progressively converted into aromatic compounds. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the behavior and reaction mechanism of microwave-assisted of SBC.

The accumulation of potential antibiotics in water is potentially harmful to human beings and the environment. In this paper, a novel composite catalyst, Bi4O5I2/glucose-modified Bi2O2CO3 (BGBCO) with a high ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal rate, was rapidly synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method. BGBCO demonstrated the best photocatalytic activity after 100 min irradiation by a 65 W energy-saving lamp. The apparent kinetic constants of BGBCO are 7.20, 2.28, and 1.41 times of Bi2O2CO3, Bi4O5I2, and glucose-modified Bi2O2CO3, respectively. Experimental results and characterization show that the significant improvement of photocatalytic performance can be attributed to more active sites, a wider visible light absorption range, and improved photogenerated carrier separation rate. Free radical capture experiments confirmed that •O2- and h+ are primary active species responsible for the degradation of CIP. The toxicity prediction results showed that the toxicity of CIP degradation products decreased significantly. Based on various characterization results, the possible mechanism and pathway of photocatalytic degradation of CIP were proposed. This study provides valuable insights for the modification of Bi2O2CO3-based heterojunction photocatalytic materials and their application in the purification of antibiotics in water.

Lead pollution is a critical environmental challenge, and the exploration of eco-friendly, high-efficiency adsorbents has long been a key research priority. In this study, magnetic activated biochar (MABC) with high Pb2+ ions adsorption capacity and excellent recyclability was prepared from distillers' grains by K2CO3 activation and a novel Fe3O4 loading method. Results from multiple characterization techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), revealed structural changes in biochar induced by Fe3O4 and K2CO3, demonstrating a notable additive effect on functional group modification and the loaded Fe was fully converted to Fe3O4. Increasing Fe3O4 loading affected the biochar's adsorption capacity by reducing physical adsorption and increasing chemical adsorption. The maximum Pb2+ ions adsorption capacity of the MABC (300 mg/g) was five times higher than that of the raw biochar. Through magnetic separation, > 95 % of activated biochar was recovered. Recyclability was tested with citric acid for Pb2+ desorption, showing Fe loss below 3.5 %. The adsorption primarily occurred through chemical interactions on a uniform surface monolayer, accompanied by liquid film and intra-particle diffusion, and exhibited preferential selectivity for Pb2+ ions. Adsorption mechanisms involved surface complexation, precipitation, ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. Machine learning (ML) predicted MABC adsorption capacity with the XGBoost model showing the highest accuracy (R-2=0.9998). Preparation conditions of three biochar samples accounted for 37.93 % of the adsorption capacity, while four adsorption conditions accounted for 62.07 %. This study combines experiments and ML to support biochar's application in environmental pollution control.

In this work, Bi4O5Br2 was modified by β-alanine functionalization strategy first time, and a bouquet-like Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (β-alanine-Bi4O5Br2/Fe-CeO2) composite was constructed by simple mechanical grinding method. Using ciprofloxacin (CIP) as the target pollutant, the key synthesis parameters and degradation conditions were optimized. The optimized β-alanine-Bi4O5Br2/Fe-CeO2 composite photocatalyst has the highest degradation rate for 20 mg/L CIP solution, and the degradation rate reaches 94.29 % after 120 min of photocatalytic reaction. The apparent reaction rate constant (0.01952 min-1) is 6.80 times higher than that of the original Bi4O5Br2 (0.00287 min-1). Based on the results of structural characterization, photoelectric properties measurement, and free radical detection, the primary causes of β-alanine-Bi4O5Br2/Fe-CeO2 catalyst's increased photocatalytic activity were revealed. Combined with the degradation pathway and ECOSAR toxicity assessment, the CIP degradation process was clarified. Finally, the electron transport mechanism via the Z-scheme heterojunction was suggested.

In this paper, a novel and highly efficient Bi2S3/Bi2WO6/SnS2 double Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by a solvothermal method for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). After 60 min of visible light photocatalytic reaction, the degradation rate of TC at 20 mg/L by the Bi2S3/Bi2WO6/SnS2 catalyst was as high as 92.33 %, the removal rate of total organic carbon (TOC) was 66.15 %, and the toxicity of the TC degradation solution decreased significantly. The pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics fitting constant (0.02731 min-1) for its photocatalytic degradation of TC was 5.71 and 1.87 times that of pure Bi2WO6 (0.00478 min-1) and Bi2S3/Bi2WO6 (0.01462 min-1), respectively. Meanwhile, the Bi2S3/Bi2WO6/SnS2 photocatalyst also has excellent salt tolerance, versatility and cycling stability, showing good application potential. Multiple characterization results reveal that the enhancement of the activity of the Bi2S3/Bi2WO6/SnS2 photocatalyst is mainly due to the fact that, on the one hand, the coupling of Bi2S3 and SnS2 to Bi2WO6 greatly improves the visible light response ability of the catalyst. On the other hand, it significantly increases the surface area of the catalyst, not only enhancing its adsorption capacity but also exposing more surface active sites. Most importantly, the formation of the double Z-scheme heterojunction between Bi2S3, SnS2 and Bi2WO6 enhances the interfacial charge transfer efficiency, thereby promoting the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. This paper provides a new strategy for purifying antibiotics in water by using Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts.

To address the challenges of limited catalytic efficiency and chlorine poisoning in chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) catalytic oxidation, chromium was incorporated into Co3O4 derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67), leading to the development of chromium-cobalt bimetallic oxide CrOx/Co3O4 for the efficient catalytic degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE). The utilization of the ZIF-67 precursor in the construction of the CrOx/Co3O4 catalysts improves the specific surface area, the incorporation of CrOx renders abundant surface acidic sites, rich adsorbed oxygen species and Co3+/Co2+, Cr6+/Cr3+ redox couples. The catalytic performance results indicate that the CrOx/Co3O4 catalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic activity and stability for 1,2-DCE, particularly the amorphous 30CrOx/Co3O4, achieving a T90 value of 265 °C and sustaining a conversion rate exceeding 90