•A detailed fracture survey was carried out in the western Sichuan basin, China.•Fracture patterns at different stages of folding deformation were analyzed.•A model of fracture patterns and rock deformation in successive folding was built.•The orientation of fractures would vary along with subsequent folding.•The use of polar stereonet in the field provided precise evidence for exact analysis.

As a direct consequence of multiple periods of stress applied on areas with tectonic superposition, the multiple-periods fractures have complex abutting relationships, and the field study of fractures is usually restricted by outcrop conditions, such as section direction. Therefore, previous studies of superposed stress fields based on fractures have been generally performed in areas with proper observation conditions and clear abutting relationships. In contrast, in many other areas, the identification of fracture development period based on field observation is often infeasible. Compared to abutting relationships, fracture fabrics obtained from field measurement are not affected by the restriction of outcrops and consequently are more representative of the fractures. According to the analysis of fracture fabrics and fracture features, this paper has separated and extracted the superposed fracture sets and identified the fracture development period in the area without available abutting relationships. Taking the southern segment of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt as an example, fractures of two development periods are identified and timed in the tectonic superposition area between two adjacent fold belts. The analysis of stress direction in each period suggests that the structural boundaries, consisting of such pre-existing structures as faults and anticlines, could have induced directional rotation in the subsequent stress. An equivalent result was achieved using a finite element simulation of the stress field. Based on the stress analysis of the field sites and the stress field simulation, the stress variation in the tectonic superposition area is well modeled.

Multispectral false color composite(FCC) images are widely used in interpretation of linear structures,which are directional because of the restriction of tectonic stress field.However,when the satellite image illumination cannot match the directions of linear structures,the structural features are less visible and their interpretations cannot be clearly recognized.Therefore,the paper brings out a new technique based on directional illumination simulating from digital elevation models(DEMs) to enhance multispectral images,which can enhance the structure lineaments by exchanging the traditional illumination model to the optimum illumination perpendicular to the targets,and allow the interpretation of the directional structure lineaments by using certain direction illumination.The paper interprets the fault-related lineaments by remote sensing image in southern segment of Longmen Mountains thrust belt,and the accurate identification of faults is the key to understanding tectonic structure for future work in oil and gas exploration.

Using enhanced land surface temperatures (LSTs) image retrieved from Landsat ETM+, this article shows that thermal information associated with faults have been detected. These anomalies may be provided by geothermal natural convection through faults and partially influence the ground surface thermal environment. The study area in southern segment of Longmen Mountains thrust belt of Western Sichuan Basin contains complex faults and folds with recent earthquake activity. In order to study the faults for future oil exploration, we use LST data retrieved from Landsat thermal infrared band to detect the thermal information associated with faults. The LSTs are enhanced by filtering out anthropogenic activity and influence land cover classes, and interpolating to contour map. The spatial patterns of the enhanced images revealed the spatial correspondence between the thermal information and the dip planes of faults when compared with the explanation profiles and geologic features obtained from the 3D-seismic geophysical data. The thermal-affected ranges calculated and the statistically significant of regression model also indicate the result that the thermal information located near the faults are consistent with the faults' dip planes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Faults provide the path for geothermal natural convection and partially influence the ground surface thermal environment. The land surface temperatures (LSTs) near a fault are higher than in other areas and can indicate the strike trend of an underground fault. However, these anomalies of higher LSTs are not located accurately in the fault centre but near it with some offset, and these LST data may include other thermal information that needs to be eliminated prior to analysis. In this study, LSTs were retrieved from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) thermal infrared (TIR) images and enhanced with land cover classification and elimination. The spatial patterns of the enhanced images were compared with geophysical prospecting tectonic profiles and with regional geological tectonic maps, revealing the spatial correspondence between the thermal anomalies and the faults. The results indicated that the thermal anomalies are located near the faults and are consistent with the faults' dip planes.

This work exploited the application of Haar wavelet approach to sedimentary microfacies analysis using log data and gradually abandoned channel facies identifying.This method first,uses wavelet transformation to separate noise and minutiae from large scale patterns for log data.Then normal channels and gradually abandoned channels are regarding as the same,distinguished from the other sedimentary microfacies by Bayesian model created by SP,RMN and RMG values obtained from the large scale patterns.Finally,according to difference in the RMN-GMG between the two microfacies,the slope of the best fit line of RMN-RMG against depth is used to identify gradually abandoned channels and normal ones.A program to implement the method was developed in C/C++ on C++ Builder platform,which computerizes the sedimentary microfacies analysis with log data and facies ichnography creation.This highly computerized,easy-operating method has been used to analyze the log data of 1 480 wells in the east part of No.2 south area and 20 wells in No.1 south area in Daqing Oil Field,and the result was well consistent with that of manual work.The success rate of the procedure in correctly identifying the sedimentary microfacies is 80%,which shows its great potential for use in the exploration of meandering depositional oil fields.

To solve the combinatorial explosion problem in Assembly Sequence Planning(ASP) of complex product,Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) algorithm was applied.Based on the correlation function in extension set theory,an assembly correlation function was proposed to construct assembly connection function combined with various difficult or easy degree of assembly.The electrode module of Light Emitting Diode(LED) sorting machine was taking as the example to show the correlation function's calculation method.Then,taking assembly connection function,assembly feasibility and assembly stability as the evaluation standards,the multi-objective planning model was set up.By using this method,the ASP of LED sorting machine was conducted by integer coding.Comparision between PSO and Genetic Algorithm(GA) was provided,and results demonstrated the superiority of PSO algorithm.

为了更好地对浙江省不同流域的堤岸生态性进行科学有效的评价,选取了太湖流域西南部的西笤溪小流域作为研究区域.采用基于可拓关联度、层次分析法、满意度法和标准差法等4种主要权重确定方法,对西笤溪安吉段的山区和平原典型生态堤岸进行了可拓评价.评价结果显示安吉山区采用了较好的混合型生态堤岸构建体系,而平原段则多采用植物型生态堤岸构建体系,所以近年来该地区防灾抗灾能力明显增强.图4幅,表8个.

In order to overcome the combination explosion of graph used in evaluation of product's disassemblibility,the new method was stated based on the theory of disassembly extension set,the relations among the connection forms,space geometry restrain,spatial accessibility and disasssemblibility were discussed,then the evaluation process and formula for the calculation of disassemblibility were presented.According to the value of correlation function,the product disassembly extension set was divided into different disassembly areas.Through the division and classification of components,a theoretical basis was provided for the prompt disassembly and product improvement design.A complete evaluation of disassemblibility about an engine of oil saw was performed as a case study,which improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Yellow River is the second longest river in China's, and its mainstream passes four different tectonic provinces in North China from west to east. Here, we exploit the relationship between the fractal dimensions of Yellow River channel and the tectonic provinces it flows through. The fractal dimension series Di was obtained for the main channel of Yellow River by applying the successive shift divider method using several different scale ranges. The results show that the magnitude of Di values is related to the uplifting intensity and time of the tectonic provinces where the river channel is located. The intenser and younger the uplifting of the tectonic provinces, the larger the fractal dimension Di of the channel when the scale range is taken as 200 nodes (300km). Using the same scale range, the Di values also are calculated by applying a successive shift box method. The differences between results from both methods are discussed.

The quantification of factors for landslide is very complex.Under different circumstances,the contribution of the same factor to landslide may be quite different or even opposite.Based on an analysis of the specific landslide data obtained from Yongjia County,the authors put forward a quantification method for building Neural Network,which is based on the distribution of landslide samples.The results from several estimation models were compared with each other.It is proved that the quantification method advanced by the authors and the Neural Network model based on Supported Vector Machine are the best means.The correctness is up to 84.2%,which is satisfying.According to the estimation result,the quantification solution and the estimation model based on it are very useful.

How to solve contradictory problems in product family configuration design correctly and effectively has become a hot focus in the adaptable and rapid design areas in recent years. For this purpose, a survey about the theory system, key technologies and perspective of Product Family Extension Configuration Design (PFECD) and its application in the mass customization is reported. The state-of-arts of PFECD in configuration modeling, product family structures divided, configuration scheme generation, configuration rules transformation, configuration scheme modification as well as system software development are presented. Several problems that need be further studied and developed are also discussed. As a new branch of intelligent design, a new scientific theory is provided by PFECD for solving contradictory problems between mass production and customized.

To improve the efficiency and accuracy in the process of case retrieval for the product family configuration design, a case retrieval method based on the extension distance is presented. Extension distance contains numeric to numeric, numeric to set and between sets. The difference between the retrieval features is the main standard. Then the extension similarity model is built on the basis of extension distance to meet the configuration demand. And the standard deviation related with the similarity is introduced to distribute the dynamic attribute’s weights which also considers the customer’s preference. A chain saw is used as a case to verify the usefulness and effectiveness. It is demonstrated that the method can process the precise and imprecise information effectively in case retrieval. With VC++6.0 and Solidworks, the configuration system is designed to realize the method mentioned.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an effective method that integrates reasoning methodology and represents related knowledge in a domain. The success of a CBR system largely depends on case retrieval, and the similarity and determination of weight for each case features have a significant influence on the efficiency and accuracy of case retrieval. The aim of the research is to improve the efficiency and accuracy of case retrieval. Analyzing the deficiency of similarity measures based on the classical distance, different similarity measures are proposed for different kinds of attribute values based on the extension distance, especially the similarity model between numerical and set considered the customer’s preference. The standard deviation related with the similarity is introduced to distribute the dynamic attribute’s weights which also considered the customer’s interest, but not the traditional methods that the weight is a constant if determined. The presented methods will enable the system to retrieve the more similar case correctly so that reducing case adaptation. In this study, an electric drill is used as a case to verify the usefulness and effectiveness of the similarity measurements and weight assignments. It is demonstrated that this method is more beneficial to case retrieval compared with other methods.

The paper's focus is on the module division dynamically in the virtual assembly sequencing process for the product family, which will affect the module variant quality seriously. Most research merely divides the module on their functions, without paying the attention on which the module division is beneficial for the latter assembly process. Considered assembly relationships as a key constraint, a new variant module division measure based on Extension Logic is presented. Since the tolerances existing everywhere in the assembly process, the connection analysis is employed to build a constraint function on the tolerance. Physical constraints contain mating and combination constraints. After the dynamical position for different parts, the mating constraint is defined as the movement opposition between two mechanical elements including face alignment mating, shaft and hole mating or face against mating, Then the extension radiation model could be generated. According the average value of the relationship function to realize the module division, the product structure is divided into several sub-assemblies. As the main problem in virtual assembly is process collisions, a modified integer coded Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm is used. Here every part is mapped to corresponding particle. The result is performed in the virtual environment of software DELMIA. At last the extension cluster method in this paper is compared with the direct dynamic cluster method. A case study is performed on virtual assembly of high power Light Emitting Diodes automatic sorting machine manufactured by a factory.

The concept of design for adaptability immensely influences the suitability of a product life-cycle and is an effective way to solve contradiction problems.However,how to solve the hybrid quantities and qualitative problems in the existing approaches is becoming a dilemma.In the paper,a new approach of product adaptability design based on extension transformation is presented.In the first,there are five steps: defining the extension design basic elements;building adaptability design contradictive problems;extension analysis to original structures;building the transforming contradictive loops;finding the adaptive rules and measures of adaptability.Then the contradictions between differential parts will be eliminated using the extension transforming and put out the adaptability design plans.Finally,example from a vibrating plate of LED(light-emitting diode) sorting machine adaptability design will illustrate the applicability and implementation of selected principles in the area of Computer Aided Product Design.

Product or model's multi-function or less structures is the main object for adaptable design (AD). Though the circumstance's changing, the product still owns the orienting structure. It demands the product function with more varieties, versatilities, customization and update. For the purpose, a new extension adaptive design approach (EAD) was carried out by design theory and artificial intelligence research. The modeling methodology based on design basic element which is different from the current UML modeling. Through the function extension analysis, the structure would possessed more adaptability in the design process. Finally, example from a continuous passive motion (CPM) product machine design will illustrate the applicability and implementation of selected principles in the area of Computer Aided Product Design.

Based on virtual assembly technology,assembly process problem of electric tools(take electric drill as an example) was researched.A product assembly structural model tree and every subassembly were gained on the basis of assembly level model.The two dimensional topological structure of electric drill was expressed according to mating graph.The assembly sequence was planned according to breadth-first search strategy.The assembly path was planned based on gradual algorithm from coarse scale to elaborate scale,namely box、half bounding box、3D solid modeling.At last,the whole assembly process was simulated based on DELMIA software.All of this provides a beautiful future on manufacturing electric drills.

To evaluate key clients comprehensively and objectively, a general comprehensive evaluation system of key clients is defined based on the analysis of the third party logistics enterprises. Then a formalized expression and basic element model of key client comprehensive evaluation problem is given. Furthermore, a key client comprehensive evaluation approach based on extension theory is presented. It adopts the optimal degree evaluation approach from the extension theory, which extends cantor set theory and fuzzy set theory in the semantics. The extension theory based comprehensive evaluation approach consists of three main steps. Firstly we need to determine the measuring weights using the AHP method; Secondly, we need to establish the dependent function, and calculate the qualification degree of each client using this formula, also we should normalize it. Thirdly, we calculate the optimal degree to evaluate the clients. The client with the highest optimal degree is the most important client for enterprise. This approach is implemented as computer program and integrated into the third party logistics intelligent information platform. Results show that the key client comprehensive evaluation approach is effective and efficient.

To deal with mass knowledge with contrary precondition in product family configuration planning more efficiently,a product family configuration planning model was proposed based on extension logic,which consisted of customer requirement acquisition,extension transforming and extension cluster to solve the problems of configuration requirement dynamical increase,configuration threshold value determination,and conflict-resolving.Firstly,the basic requirement elements for a series product were confirmed by conjugating analysis,and the mapping relationship between requirement and product family structure feature was constructed.Then by applying extension rule reasoning,a series of product could satisfy the customers' requirements were obtained from qualitative perspective.Secondly,the basic requirement element was transferred by transfer matrix,and it was output again by customer to calculate the tolerance with the initial basic requirement element.Then the transformation feasibility was determined by the configuration threshold value,which was gotten dynamically by improved genetic algorithm.Finally,the stable module and changeable module in product family were defined by using extension cluster and cluster graph.This method was applied in fridge configuration prototype system design.