为深入研究植物抗旱机制,培育耐旱植物新品种,分析了干旱胁迫对植物生长、形态结构、植物生理的影响,总结了干旱胁迫对植物蛋白编码基因表达的影响.未来,第三代分子标记技术和全基因组关联分析技术仍是研究抗旱基因的重点,应深入探究植物对干旱生境的响应与适应机制,以应对极端干旱生境.

为了解生态基因组学的发展历程和研究热点,利用VOSviewer与CiteSpace可视化分析工具对2000-2019年Web of Science核心合集数据库生态基因组学研究领域的文献进行分析.结果表明,(1)生态基因组学研究的发文量呈现快速增长的趋势;(2)美国、加拿大、德国、中国等国家的发文量较高,国家之间的合作较密切;(3)该领域的高产研究机构为加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学、加州大学戴维斯分校、中国科学院等;(4)该领域的高产作者有bernatchez,louis,nosil,patrik,feder,jeffrey;(5)"物种适应与进化""物种间相互作用""基因组学方法在生态学领域的应用"以及"差异基因的表达研究"是该研究领域的热点方向;(6)生态基因组学研究经历了"模式生物适应进化和变异""进化和生态功能基因组学""新一代基因测序技术"这些发展过程,未来会关注"物种形成过程中的基因组差异""基因组学工具"等方面.

采用L16(45)正交试验设计,对影响兴安落叶松SSR-PCR反应体系的主要因素(模板DNA、dNTPs、Mg2+、Taq聚合酶浓度及引物浓度)进行了试验分析,其结果表明:兴安落叶松SSR-PCR体积为20μL的最佳反应体系是模板DNA用量50 ng、正反向引物浓度均为5μmol·L-1、dNTPs浓度为2.5 mmol·L-1、Mg2+的浓度为2.5 mmol·L-1、Taq聚合酶用量为1.0 U、最佳退火温度为60℃.试验所建立的反应体系可进一步用于兴安落叶松SSR遗传图谱构建、多样性分析、良种选育等方面的研究中.

[Objective]The purpose is to obtain c DNA sequence of Calamagrostis angustifolia PPDK, predict physicochemical property, secondary and tertiary structure of the PPDK and phylogenic analysis of PPDK amino acid in known species. [Method] PPDK sequences were amplified by RT-PCR, Prot Param, Blast, THMHMM, and SOPMA were used to predict the sequences.[Result] The length c DNA of PPDK was 1 035 bp, the putative protein molecular weight was 41. 910 k Da and its theoretical isoelectric points was 9. 70 and the highest content of amino acids was serine, 72; the sequence analysis of the secondary structure showed random coils accounted for 48. 83％, it did not contain signal peptide and transmembrane structure; phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that PPDK of Calamagrostis angustifolia clustered with Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa Japonica group. [Conclusion] PPDK of Calamagrostis angustifolia contained 385 amino acids, 1 PDRP activity regulation site, 72 phosphorylation sites which were involved in signal transduction.

2014年4-10月在大兴安岭呼中国家级自然保护区,运用静态箱—气相色谱法,对火灾后寒温带落叶松—泥炭藓沼泽CH4生长季排放通量特征进行研究.结果表明:火烧对落叶松—泥炭藓沼泽生长季不同深度土壤温度有明显影响,并使得土壤含水率显著降低.M0对照样地与M1火烧样地生长季CH4排放通量变化大致呈先升后降趋势变化,且CH4排放通量分别在6月初与8月初达到峰值(0.0506±0.0886与0.5628±0.2623 mg·m-2·h-1).火烧致使落叶松—泥炭藓沼泽CH4排放通量升高,M0对照样地与M1火烧样地生长季CH4平均排放通量分别为0.0018±0.1087、0.1207±0.0988 mg·m-2·h-1.M0、M1样地生长季CH4排放通量与相应大气温度、5、10、20cm土壤温度、土壤含水率相关性均不显著.

由于近年来臌囊苔草(Carex schmidtii Meinsh)湿地受到严重破坏,采用组织培养快繁可以有效解决这一问题,因此以臌囊苔草根茎为外植体,进行不同浓度次氯酸钠和升汞的单因素试验;在此基础上,开展外植体、次氯酸钠消毒时间和升汞消毒时间的正交试验.结果表明:适宜根茎外植体的消毒浓度分别为10％次氯酸钠和0.1％升汞;根茎的污染率和死亡率最低,存活率最高,为适宜的外植体.最佳消毒方式为75％ 的酒精浸泡30s,10％次氯酸钠消毒10min,0.1％ 升汞消毒5 min,该方法污染率最低、存活率最高,分别为10.00％、71.11％.

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPC),是一个广泛存在于细菌、古细菌、蓝藻细胞、绿藻、原生动物和维管植物中的细胞质酶.PEPC在植物种子萌发、种子的形成、调节有机酸类的代谢、抗生物和非生物胁迫中有重要的作用.本研究主要介绍了植物PEPC种类、结构、PEPC在植物中的作用,及其在基因工程方面的研究.

为研究小叶章(Deyeuxiaangustifolia)磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因(Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylae,PEPC)的特性,根据小叶章转录组数据设计引物,通过RT-PCR的方法获得小叶章PEPC基因的cDNA序列,片段长度1579bp,包含一个完整的ORF,编码526个氨基酸,相对分子质量59993.21,含有一个活性位点(PS00393,IMIGYSDSGKDAG).氨基酸序列与已知物种PEPC序列同源性依次为,小麦95%,大麦94%,野生稻93%,山羊草91%,Dichanthelium oligosanthes91%,谷子90%二穗短柄草91%.说明克隆的序列为小叶章PEPC的cDNA序列.

The paper give an overall introduction to the concept of forest litterfall, ecological function, methodology, influencing factors of litterfall and the composition of forest litter. The results showed that the litterfall was influenced by the climatic factor such as temperature, precipitation and the length of the vegetation growing season, but the leading influencing climatic factor was annual mean temperature. This paper mainly study fallenwood, death rootsystem、forest litter fallin broadsense. The research method, physical and chemical processes of Litter decomposition, influence factors of Litter decomposition and dynamic process of decomposition and nutrient release, which are all reviewed in research progress, Deriving research progress of Litter fall in forest ecosystems and elucidating dynamic study of litter currently through Longitudinal compare. The research and development direction of litter fall are discussed, summarizing the existing problems simultaneously.

Young stem from Calamagrostisangustifolia was used as explants. The effects of three kinds of hormones including 6-BA, TDZ, and NAA on Calamagrostisangustifolia were studied. The proper induction medium isselected out by orthogonal design, moreover, the kind and suitable level of hormone were ascertained.The results show that 6-BA is the critical factor for induction, the optimummedium forinitiation is: 1/2MS +6 -BA 0.5 mg·L-1+TDZ0.1mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1.

Deyeuxia angustifolia is the dominant species in the natural grassland of Sanjiang plain of Heilongjiang province of China.In this study, two sequencing libraries prepared from control (T1) and samples treaded by elevated CO2 (T2) were sequenced to investigate the changes of D. angustifolia transcriptome responsed to high CO2 concentration.In total, 80,215 unigenes were found and 49,094 (61.20%) were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms and metabolic pathways with a cut-off E-value of 10 -5 .These annotated unigenes included 61 GO terms, 193 KEGG pathways, and 25 COG families.By comparing two transcriptomes from control and elevated CO2-treated plants, 4,109 differentially expressed genes were found.These genes were significantly enriched in 105 KEGG pathways and 58 GO terms.Meanwhile, 62 gene fragments related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation process were indentified and analyzed.This study will provide the theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of wetland plants' adaption to climate change

A orthogonal design was used to optimize SSR amplification for Deyeuxia angustifolia in 9 levels of two factors (DNA template and primer). 51 pairs of SSR primers were developed independently. The screened 12 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were suitable for studying on genetic diversity of Deyeuxia angustifolia.

以野生小叶章幼嫩茎段为外植体,研究MS对外植体生长的影响.通过正交试验设计,研究不同种类及浓度配比激素对丛生芽增殖和生根的影响.表明小叶章茎段用75％酒精消毒30 s,再经0.01 L汞溶液浸泡4 min的灭菌效果较好;茎段直接诱导不定芽的最适宜培养基为MS +0.05 mg/L KT+1.0 mg/L 6-BA +0.1mg/L+ TDZ 0.1 mg/L NAA,诱导率可达87.44％;最佳继代增殖培养基为MS+0.1mg/L KT+ 0.5 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.05 mg/L TDZ+ 0.1 mg/L NAA,增殖系数可达5.76;生根最适宜培养基为0.5MS +2.0 mg/L NAA,生根率为93.33％.

At the condition of nutrient deficiency, it is crucial that organic acid affect plant survival and growth. Variable proportion A1 and C horizon mixed cold temperate brown coniferous forest soils was applied to make soil nutrient deficiency condition, and then Larix gmelinii seedlings were planted in these soils. On the basis of oxalic acid concentration range of forest litter leacheate at the northeast forest region, different concentration of oxalic acid solution was sprayed on the face of Larix gmelinii seedlings, and effects of oxalic acid on physiological-biochemical characteristic of cold temperate Larix gmelinii seedlings was studied in our experi-ment. Researches showed that electrical conductivity and MDA content of Larix gmelinii seedlings were decreased with the increase of oxalic acid concentration. Most SOD and POD activity of Larix gmelinii seedlings were increased. 5.0mmol·L -1 oxalic acid has significant effects on proline and soluble protein osmotic adjustment substances. And Larix gmelinii seedlings growth was obvious at the concentration of 10.0mmol·L-1 oxalic acid.

Gene cloning technique is an effective method which can mine new genes and isolate the genes of the genes of important trait in plants.Along with achievement of arabidopsisthaliana,tomato, poplar of the whole genome sequencing in plant, it marked that the research of plant genome have entered the post-genomics era.Reserches of gene functions, expression and regulation have became a hot spot of research in the future. So the gene cloning technique will be more extensively used. Tish article mainly inroduced the application,principle, and research advaces of map-baseclonging, transposontagging, homology-based candidate gene method, espressed sequence tagging method.

Understanding of the phyIogenetic structure of a community wiII provide insights into the reIative importance of different processes structuring the community. We randomIy chose 1000 subpIots at five spatiaI scaIes of radii 5,25,50,75 and 100 m in the forest of Larix gmeIinii pIot and anaIyzed phyIogenetic structure of subpIots at these scaIes with net reIatedness index ( NRI). Communities were phyIogeneticaIIy cIustered at aII spatiaI scaIes. There are pIenty of random pIots( radii 5 ) shows phyIogeneticaIIy overdispersed. This couId be the cause of the density restriction. With increasing scaIe,the strength of cIustering increased. This couId be the cause of the effect of the density restriction are week.

This paper introduced DNA Barcoding that has been among hot topics in classification of insect,and summarize classification of insect in China base on COⅠ gene.Finally,we looked into the future of DNA Barcoding that based on COⅠ gene in Chinese classification of insect.

Polyphenol of Pinaceae plants distributed in East estate small apples and the northeast edge of the column was extracted using ultrasonic extraction,polyphenol spray was prepared by purification,concentration,effective components,and scavenging ability test,compound ratio,detection. Results showed that the 1.38mg/ml apple polyphenol scavenged hydroxyl radicals by 64.17% ,0. 91mg/ml polyphenol cleared superoxide radical by 23.74% . 2.95mg/ml polyphenol cleaned hydroxyl radical by 81.92% ,the maximum superoxide free radical scavenging rate was 16. 13% . The results indicated that the optimum effect of scavenging free radical was 0. 98mg/ml apple polyphenol and 0. 91mg/ml pine polyphenols,Pinus koraiensis/apple 5: 5 and 6: 4,respectively,other ratio had antagonism to some extent.

MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类在生物体内普遍存在的非编码、长度约16 ～29 nt的小分子RNA.植物中miRNA及其对植物生长发育的影响是植物生物学研究领域的一个热点,对植物microRNA (miRNA)的生物合成、作用机制及其在逆境胁迫中的作用进行研究,将提高人们对作物抗逆性的认识,为提高植物抗逆性的人工操作提供一条可行的新途径.

为了寻求松毛虫属昆虫分类的新方法,利用COⅠ基因为分子标记针对松毛虫属(Dendromilus)10个地理种群的昆虫进行了分子系统学的研究.结果表明:COⅠ序列中,共有248个变异位点、219个简约信息位点,A+T平均含量为71.5%,大部分碱基改变为颠换.不同地理种群松毛虫的遗传距离为0.007-0.319,平均遗传距离为0.175.利用邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)、最小进化法(ME)构建了系统发育树,系统树显示10个地理种群聚为2支:梓潼、长沙、古田、玉溪、石林、禄丰6个种群聚为1支;墨江、思茅、安宁、曲靖种群聚为1支.