针对抽油机受周期性交变载荷,容易造成载荷传感器漂移、失真等问题,导致影响工况诊断结果,基于三相电参数反演示功图深度学习模型,固化在相应的计算模块中,并将其内嵌在设备中,并研发了三相电参采集、功率计算、深度学习模型系统集成、数据传输功能等模块,设计了一种基于电参数转示功图的设备.现场试验表明,电参数转示功图技术终端设备提高了示功图预测精度,可以逐步替换载荷传感器,实现无传感器低成本、高效率的油井数字化管理.

长庆低渗透油田具有产液量低、井斜大、井深的特点,主要采用的游梁式抽油机举升工艺具有耗电高、系统效率低、泵效低,井筒偏磨严重的问题.为解决油田提质增效的瓶颈性问题,通过调研论证,开展了超长冲程采油技术高效举升试验,试验结果表明:超长冲程抽油机较常规技术在泵效、系统效率方面具有较明显的优势,技术经济性和节能降耗效益较好,可扩大试验规模.

目的 有效地预防和减少因抽油杆断裂导致的油井修井作业,进一步降低油田开发成本.方法 采用岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机,对D级和H级抽油杆进行材质成分分析,测试力学性能、空气和腐蚀介质下疲劳强度、拉压载荷对疲劳性能的影响,并进行对比分析.结果 H级抽油杆的力学性能优于D级抽油杆.随着含水量的增加,两种抽油杆的抗疲劳性能均降低,在空气中,H级抽油杆的疲劳性能均优于D级抽油杆.在腐蚀环境中,D级抽油杆的疲劳性能优于H级抽油杆,并且两种抽油杆所受拉压载荷对疲劳均有一定影响.结论 含水是影响抽油杆腐蚀疲劳性能的关键因素,H级抽油杆应在低含水区块应用,D级抽油杆在中高含水区块应用.抽油杆中和点以下产生的附加拉应力是导致抽油杆偏磨的直接原因,在中和点以下应优化扶正防磨设计.在中高含水区块,应加大对服役年限较长抽油杆的更换力度,以减少和预防抽油杆断裂事故的发生.

H级抽油杆除了比常规类型的抽油杆强度高出一个级别外,在许用应力的计算时也有较大区别.国内由于缺乏H级抽油杆许用应力相关值,在设计时借鉴D级抽油杆,这就导致设计参数过于保守,未发挥H级抽油杆的优势.针对这种情况,采用电液伺服SHT4106万能试验机,通过室内拉伸试验,得到抗拉强度与屈服强度的比值,建立了H级抽油杆修正API最大许用应力计算新方法.按照抽油杆标准SY/T5029—2013室内疲劳试验要求,测试应力比为0.1下的疲劳极限,得出了H级抽油杆奥金格方法折算应力对应值.与D级杆相比,H级抽油杆的应用具有降低抽油杆直径,降低抽油机型号的优势.

抽油机井系统环节多、影响因素相互耦合、生产周期跨度长,运用全寿命周期费用理论,结合模糊评判、等级加权平均方法,构建了抽油机井生产全过程成本效益评价综合决策方法.通过模拟分析抽油机井全生命周期效益,并以长庆低渗透油田单井为例,常规油井全生命周期30年,预计单井年生产费用约10万元.若初期投产从方案源头上精细配套优选设备,可获取最大平均单井年费用节省率1.86叽,全油田预计年均节省费用6705万元.

In order to effectively use the H-class sucker rod,the method of allowable stress calculation and fatigue life prediction was studied.Using the indoor tensile strength test as a starting point,the ratio of tensile strength to yield strength was calculated,by which the calculation parameter for the maximum API allowable stress of H-class sucker rod was adjusted from 0.562 5 to 0.716 3.In addition,stress-fatigue plots of H-class sucker rod by fitting method were developed,so as to determine the ultimate fatigue stress of the sucker rod at the stress ratio of 0.1.By testing the fatigue performances of H-class sucker rods in different media and different stroke frequencies,the relationship among water cut,stroke frequencies and service life of the sucker rod were obtained.The innovative techniques for the calculation of allowable stress and prediction of fatigue life of the sucker rod were applied in 10 wells in the Xingnan Area of the Changqing Oilfield,and the results showed that the stress conditions of the H-class sucker rod could be improved through the optimal design,and tap the potential of the sucker rod,so as to meet the demands of field application for stresses and service life.

抽油杆在有杆泵采油系统中起着至关重要的作用,若抽油杆提前失效,将影响油田正常生产,实践表明抽油杆的失效大部分是由疲劳引起的,疲劳寿命是衡量抽油杆好坏的最重要指标.因此,文章开展H级超高强度抽油杆的疲劳性能实验,应用有限元方法分析其应力分布情况,明确抽油杆危险部位,为科学合理应用H级超高强度抽油杆提供理论指导.

运用热力学、传热学以及两相流理论,对油井稳定连续生产时的传热过程进行了理论分析,建立了数学模型,并运用数学方法对该模型进行了求解,该模型综合考虑了井筒的径向传热,不同环空传热介质及地层的热物理性质沿井深的变化,环空中流体的对流换热,辐射以及传热,焦耳-汤姆逊系数以及液相的体积膨胀系数.采用该井筒温度分布计算模型为依据,借鉴均质模型的井筒压力求解方法计算井底流压.

将Usher模型与常用水驱特征曲线相结合,建立了一种能预测水驱油田在不同开发时期的含水率、产油量、产水量、产液量和相应累计产油量等开发指标以及可采储量的联解模型.此模型克服了产量预测模型中缺少含水率和水驱特征曲线缺少开发时间等开发指标的缺陷.油田实际开发数据与预测结果的对比表明,此联解模型的预测精度相对较高,能够满足水驱油田开发指标的动态预测要求.

基于水驱油田含水率的变化规律,将预测生物生长的Von Bertalanffy模型用于含水率预测,并取极限含水率为1.根据油田实际生产数据,应用最大线性相关系数求得模型常数b和k的值,得到预测水驱油田含水率随开发时间变化的新模型,并利用胜坨油田和双河油田的实际含水率数据对该模型进行验证.结果表明,这2个油田的含水率预测结果的平均相对误差分别为4.69％和1.12％.该模型预测精度较高,能够对油田含水率进行预测,可指导水驱油田的开发.

低渗透油藏单井产液量普遍较低,要想实现油田的效益开发,必须进行优化设计,调整抽油机型号、提高系统效率,进而降低投资和生产运行成本.悬点载荷是确定抽油机机型的主要依据,从降低抽油机悬点载荷入手,开展了供排协调优选泵径、抽油杆提强度降杆径设计、定向井悬点载荷预测等技术研究,形成了低渗透油藏抽油机优化选型方法.通过现场应用表明,新投井应用大机型抽油机比例明显减少,新投井抽油机额定载荷下降了11.7 kN,系统效率提高1.2%,平均单井抽油机投资减少0.7万元,日耗电量减少9.2 kWh,达到了提高系统效率、降低投资和运行成本的目的.

With C and K,D grade sucker rod,ultra high strength sucker rod (H level rod)due to improved strength and mechanical properties,the service life is significantly increased,and the working life is prolonged of the oil well.While the sucker rod overall weight is reduced,energy saving and the pumping unit,motor drop type,and energy consumption are realized,but the class H sucker rod on the basis of the theory is still relatively weak.Based on class H pumping bar and indoor fatigue test,and the processed data and the mathematical statistics to establish the stress fatigue life curve of class H sucker rod,and the conversion of H grade sucker rod in a certain stress ratio under the condition of the ultimate fatigue strength,which provide effective basic data for rod field application level to further improve the H class.

The non-linear seepage law is shown by the fact that, when lfuid lfows at a low rate, the seeping rate is not in a straight line with the relation curve of pressure gradient and is not through the original point, that is, when the pressure gradient is relatively small, the lfuid seeping rate may be zero. The smaller the permeability of a reservoir is, the more obvious the non-linear seepage feature is. In order to understand the law of non-linear seepage in low-permeability oilifelds and its effect on oilifeld production, a single-phase uncompressible lfuid stable seepage differential equation was inferred based on the continuous model which described the low-rate non-linear seepage law. Meanwhile, the COMSOL software which is widely used in lfuid mechanics was used to simulate the square inverted nine-spot pattern seepage law of low permeability oilifelds. The COMSOL simulation result clearly shows the difference in distribution of lfow lines of square inverted nine-spot vertical well pattern and fracturing pattern as well as equipotential line and the law of changes of pressure affected area with fracture length and the angle between the fracture and well array during fracturing. The simulation result shows that, under non-linear seepage, the equipotential line is not circularly distributed. After a straight well is fractured, the pressure affected area increases apparently. The fracture length and the angle between the fracture and well array both will affect the pressure affected area.

In order to satisfy the daily fluid production rate about 2 m3 ,Changqing oil field devel-oped the25 mm solid plunger pump in 2011 and progressed field experiment.The faults which were found in onsite investigation existed,that the valve block was locked up,the screw thread of two-channel was leakage,and drainage was opened and so on by the tracking analysis.The struc-ture was improved,that is making the entirety of filling valve and valve housing,increasing the open area,changing the shape of the wiper block in order to prevent blocking up the channel,a-dapting the shape of double passage swivel joint which crescent moon for increasing the open are-a,and mating the new sliding sleeve drainage device in order to avoid oil drainage and drill pipe sticking.Field test shows that the improved25 mm solid plunger pump is prolonged the pump inspection cycle effectively,satisfying the requirement of stripped wells.