Sewage sludge reduction can be realized by co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal, the composition of sewage sludge and coal is different. It has positive significance for stable combustion and low pollution emission of sewage sludge and coal to study co-combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics of sewage sludge and coal. The combustion characteristics, kinetic analysis, pollutant emission characteristics, heavy metal distribution and ash melting characteristics of co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal are reviewed. The comprehensive combustion characteristics can be improved by co-combustion of a certain proportion of sludge and coal. Due to the large difference of sludge,co-combustion of sludge and coal have different characteristics that should be researched and analyzed according to the types of sludge in practical application. At present, more attention is paid to the stability and pollutant emission characteristics of co-combustion of sludge and coal. In engineering practice, the boiler equipment and pollutant emission control facilities of the power plant can meet the requirements of stability and low pollution emission of co-combustion a certain proportion of sludge and coal. The content of Cl in sludge is higher than that in coal and Cl has direct effect on dioxins formation, corrosion of boiler heating surface, recycle of coal ash and desulfurized gypsum in co-combustion of sludge and coal. It is necessary to focus on the influence mechanism of Cl on the above aspects and related control optimization measures in the subsequent studies.

为揭示玄武岩矿物碳酸化反应机制,从热力学角度对酸性溶剂下玄武岩中钙镁元素溶解浸出特性进行分析研究,详细考察温度、压力、酸浓度、液固比及不同酸性条件等对玄武岩中钙镁元素溶解浸出形成游离钙镁离子的影响.结果表明,温度和压力对酸性溶剂下玄武岩中钙长石成分和镁橄榄石成分中的钙镁元素溶解浸出的影响很小,反应体系中酸浓度和液固比变化对不同酸性条件下钙长石中钙元素和镁橄榄石中镁元素的溶解浸出特性影响不同;整体而言,盐酸对钙长石成分中钙元素溶解浸出的效果最好,而硫酸对镁橄榄石成分中镁元素溶解浸出的效果最佳.

对废镀锡铜料中铜和锡进行回收,可以节约短缺的铜、锡资源,具有良好的经济和社会效益.将废镀锡铜料中铜锡分离后分别进行回收,是回收废镀锡铜料的重要步骤.介绍了化学法、电化学法、化学-电积法和热解法分离回收废镀锡铜料中的铜锡,为实现高效回收废镀锡铜线中的铜和锡提供参考.研究发现明确废镀锡铜料的成分可以更有效地选取合适的分离回收技术,需在前端收集废镀锡铜料时加强分类管理,避免未知杂质混入,有助于实现废镀锡铜线中铜锡高效回收.

阐述了江西省竹类资源的概况和竹产业发展现状,分析了江西省竹产业存在的主要问题,并结合国家竹产业发展规划的各项指标对江西省的竹产业发展提出了3个层次的发展建议.

黑液中含有大量的有机物和无机物,随意排放会污染环境.传统的资源化处理方法多种多样,目前备受关注的黑液处理法为热转化法.黑液的热转化技术主要分为热裂解、气化技术、水热转化技术.通过3种热分析的动力学模型,从多个角度了解黑液的整个热力学反应过程.综述了近年来国内外关于黑液热转化技术及其动力学的研究成果,为黑液的热处理提供借鉴依据.

阐述了南昌市污泥处理现状和面临的困难,指出污泥与煤混合掺烧是解决南昌市污泥无法消纳的有效方式,同时,由于污泥含水率高、成分复杂等特点,提出了污泥掺烧需要解决的技术问题,同时给出了合理的建议.

厌氧发酵是被广泛应用于城市污水处理厂剩余污泥处理的技术之一,向污泥厌氧发酵系统中投入外源添加剂可有效提高污泥厌氧发酵不同阶段的效果,提高污泥水解效率和能源转化效率.介绍了多种有助于促进污泥厌氧发酵的外源添加剂,并对其应用和研究前景做了展望,为优化污泥厌氧发酵工艺提供理论和技术基础,以期实现高效的污泥厌氧发酵产能.

采用传统污水处理工艺与膜法相结合对电厂排放废水进行深度处理,实现回收利用.工程结果表明,经过传统污水处理工艺处理后的中水,经过反渗透系统,大部分悬浮物、COD及盐分被有效截留,反渗透产水悬浮物含量＜10 mg/L,COD＜ 10 mg/L,电导率＜50 μs/cm,可回用到生产工艺中.该工艺可实现水循环利用,减少废水的排放,创造了较为直观的社会效益和可观的经济效益.

采用热重法(Thermogravimetry,TG)对凤眼莲生物质的热解、燃烧、气化特性进行了考察,研究了升温速率对生物质热解特性的影响,同时采用Kissinger法对实验数据进行了分析,建立了凤眼莲的热解、燃烧动力学模型.研究结果表明,凤眼莲在不同的气氛条件下,反应过程明显不同.氧气条件下发生了剧烈的氧化反应,产物以CO2和H2O为主.氮气气氛下,生物质主要发生的是分子结构中较弱的化学键受热分解的过程,气体产物以有机小分子为主.在二氧化碳的氛围下,生物质主要发生的是二次反应,气体产物主要以合成气和焦炭为主.生物质的热解和燃烧过程均可以用一级动力学方程来描述.

Pt催化剂是低温燃料电池最常用的电极材料,其表面结构、电子特性与催化性能之间的内在联系和规律是设计和研制高活性、高稳定性、高选择性电催化剂的基础.以近年来国内外关于氧还原反应的研究成果,综述了制备高分散Pt基催化剂的新技术,并重点介绍了催化剂颗粒的大小、组成、合金性质、表面结构和性能调控方面的研究进展,最后对这一领域的发展趋势作了展望.

膜性能的可靠性是影响膜技术应用的关键因素之一.膜污染问题限制了膜通量,导致膜的使用寿命降低,是制约膜技术取得更广泛发展的关键要素.膜污染特性的表征有助于了解膜污染机制和开发有效的膜污染控制方法,膜污染特性表征方法的研究对促进膜技术在更多领域的应用具有重要意义.

Biochar, with the characteristics of strong physical adsorption and surface resistance, and containing rich organic matter, can be a research hotspot in recent years. This article describes the basic properties of the biochar. The thesis illustrates the improving process of biochar(physical and chemical properties, heavy metals, organic matter, fertility) and mechanism impact on soil. Biochar has great potential to improve the soil, but its impact mechanism and the potential risks need to be studied further.

Large-scale pig farms develop fast in China,while the processing techniques of pig farm waste are relatively lagging. The situation has caused many environmental problems. According to the recent researches on waste processing techniques in large-scale pig farms,the article introduces anae-robic,aerobic,biological,ecological methods and their characteristics. Different processing techniques or proper combinations should be adopted according to the actual situation and surroundings. Appro-priate techniques for pig manure and wastewater treatment help promote the reclamation and harm-lessness of pig waste in large-scale pig farms.

鉴于氢是一种清洁高效能源,燃料电池成为未来动力能源的首选之一.但是阻碍其商业化的主要瓶颈在于燃料电池用催化剂的成本.PdFe/C双金属催化剂具有高活性和稳定性,并且能有效地降低催化剂的成本.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射法(XRD)和循环伏安法(CV)等方法对催化剂进行表征.电催化性能测试结果表明PdFe/C(n(Pd):n (Fe)=2:1)的电流密度是Pd/C的6.6倍.

通过分析美国、日本、中国的能源消费结构和产业结构,发现我国的节能工作重点将是在调整产业结构、能源结构和提高能源利用水平等方面.分析国内几个特色城市的能源消费情况和控制措施,发现我国各地区的能源利用水平还需要进一步提高,通过调整产业结构和能源结构,可以有效控制能源消费.

利用猪粪进行厌氧消化产沼气既能有效解决猪粪处理问题,又能产生代替化石能源的甲烷.猪粪中富含大量木质纤维素,限制了猪粪的水解和厌氧消化,需要在厌氧消化前对猪粪进行一定的预处理.介绍了物理法、化学法、生物法和联合预处理方法,为开发更加优化高效的预处理工艺提供理论和技术基础,以期实现猪粪高效厌氧消化产能.

The pow er supply and dem and condition and developm ent status of pow er dem and side m anagem ent of Jiujiang wereintroduced,andthemainobstacleofcarryoutpowerdemandsidemanagementwasanalyzed.Onthebasisoftheabove analysis,relatedstrategywasproposedwhichistoconstructionpowerservicemanagementplatform,scaleimplementenergy efficiency pow er plant, push electric pow er load m anagem ent, prom ote pow er service industry developm ent, and strengthen the basic capacity-building.

The chem istry of char-N release and conversion to nitrogen-containing products has been probed by studying its release and reactions w ith O 2 and CO2.T he experim ents w ere perform ed in a fixed bed flow reactor atpressures of up to 1.0 M Pa.T he results show thatthe m ajor nitrogen-containing products observed depend on the reactantgas;w ith O 2,N O ,and N 2 being the m ajor species observed. C har-N reaction w ith CO2 produces N 2 w ith very high selectivity over a broad range of pressures and CO2 concentrations.O bserved distributions of nitrogen-containing products are little affected by pressure w hen O 2 and CO2 are the reactantgases.T he results suggestthatN O and H C N are prim ary products w hen O 2 is used as the reactant gas,and thatthe otherobserved products arise from interactions ofthese prim ary products w ith the charsurface.

In this paper,the characteristics and the generation mechanism of tar are analyzed during biomass pyrolysis and gasification,as well as the research status on its purification.The major components and the fundamental characteristic parameters are realized.It is suggested that tar are conversed to multiring hydrocarbons through cracking,polymerizing,condensing reactions step by step with reaction temperature rising.According to the characteristics of biomass gasification,various methods are combinatively used to remove tar,to reduce the loss of catalyst and improve the tar removal rate and conversion rate.