为有效抑制高碳蜡原油井筒内壁蜡沉积,确保采输过程安全高效,以镇北侏罗系高碳蜡区块为研究对象,对油样析蜡点、SARA组分、蜡样熔点及碳数进行分析,评价现有清蜡剂的适应性,优选耐高温、耐高矿化度微生物嗜蜡菌,研制新型固体防蜡剂并进行现场试验.结果表明:侏罗系高碳蜡原油凝点高、胶质沥青质含量低,蜡样均为饱和烃,碳数在C25以上,属高碳微晶蜡,易形成稳固三维结构而发生严重蜡沉积;其CX-3清蜡剂溶蜡速率为0.91g/min,效果最优且适用多数区块;嗜蜡菌对原油的凝固点和含蜡量均有降低作用,且对润湿性也有较显著影响;新型固体防蜡剂合成正交试验的加量为0.5％时,防/溶蜡剂A、B、C质量比为8:1:1,其防蜡率最高,可达88.31％,现场试验表明清防蜡效果显著.在同类结蜡井中具有推广应用价值.

塔里木盆地台盆区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组、震旦系奇格布拉克组白云岩储层发育,靠近下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩,有利勘探面积为27500km2,勘探前景广阔.该区域从上到下地层岩性差别大,部分地层断裂发育、压力系统复杂,火成岩发育、地层可钻性差.复杂的地质条件及超高压超高温等难题给钻井工程带来巨大挑战.通过开展基于地质工程一体化的井身结构设计方法研究,形成了适合于超深井钻探的井身结构系列;开展特殊岩性地层岩石力学特征研究,结合地层破岩特征形成了个性化钻头设计及优选技术;基于钻井工程参数最优破岩规律,形成了水力参数和机械参数优化设计技术,同时基于地层岩性特征和井壁稳定分析结果,配套完善了钻井技术.目前,塔里木油田已经形成超8000m超深井钻探配套技术,同时具备9000m的钻探能力,完成了轮探1井的钻探,为有效推进塔里木盆地深部层系勘探进程、寻找油气增储上产接替区提供有力支撑.

为保障海洋稠油集输管线的安全停输与顺利启动,以旅大油田稠油为研究对象,利用Anton Paar Rheo-lab QC流变仪分析纯油及其稠油-水乳状液流变学特征与初始启动力学响应特性.通过自主研制室内环道再启动实验装置,测量停输管线在不同温度、不同启动流量工况下再启动压力的变化规律,将基于流变仪测试的再启动压力理论值与实测值相比较,评估其预测可靠性.流变实验结果表明:稠油乳状液初始启动应力随时间的变化可分为三个阶段,即启动应力上升阶段、衰减阶段、平衡阶段;启动温度、恒定剪切速率对启动应力的影响作用呈正相关.通过流变仪测量得到的启动应力可用于预测再启动压力,平均绝对相对误差为6.95％,其吻合精度较好.为解决海上无人平台稠油-水停输管线启动、置换自动化实施难题提供了理论依据与数据支撑,对海上高黏稠油管线停输再启动作业及管线设计具有指导作用.

目前,我国页岩气开发多采用油基钻井液或合成基钻井液,但是,由于使用成本高、环境污染大等问题,限制了其在页岩气藏开发过程中的使用,因此,需要一种能够适用于页岩气水平井开发的水基钻井液.然而,经过数年的现场试验,虽然取得了一定的成效,支撑了页岩气藏的开发与利用,但由于各地区页岩气藏埋藏深度、井下温度不同,页岩气地层岩性及黏土矿物成分各异,各类型页岩气水基钻井液作用机理差异,以及现场试验时的工程条件和水基钻井液的维护情况,都成为了左右水基钻井液试验结果的影响因素.因此,有针对性地对不同地区所遇到的难点进行分析和研究,才能够适应本地区的特性.文章旨在针对四川盆地自贡地区志留系龙马溪组页岩地层垂深超过3500 m的X井水基钻井液现场试验情况,从钻井液抑制性、流变性、滤失性、润滑性等方面进行分析,结合该水基钻井液体系室内实验结果,找出存在的问题,为今后页岩气水基钻井液体系改进提供参考依据.

随着社会经济的快速发展,环保问题越来越成为社会关注的焦点,为最大限度减轻钻井液对环境的不利影响,实施源头污染控制,研究能满足钻井工程要求的去磺化环保钻井液具有重要意义.利用环保降滤失剂研制出了去磺化环保钻井液,并对其流变性能、降滤失性能、抗盐抗钙污染能力、抗温性能、抑制性能、环保性能等进行了评价,其评价结果表明,在密度1.80 g/cm3以内、180℃以下,具有良好的流变性、失水造壁性和润滑性,且性能稳定;具有强抑制性、可有效防止泥页岩的水化膨胀、分散,防止地层造浆和井壁垮塌;具有良好的抗盐、抗石膏污染能力;生物毒性达到排放标准,且具有良好的生物降解性;满足钻井、地质录井的需要.

在满足油气田钻井工程要求的同时,达到环境保护需求的钻井液是重要的研究方向.综述了环保钻井液检测评价方法和国内外应用最广泛的5种环保钻井液体系;结合环保钻井液发展现状,探讨了钻井液环保方面存在的问题及发展方向,从环保认识应更清晰,环保法规和环保评价标准应更细化明了和因地制宜,并建立严格的环保检测制度和现场操作规范等方面提出了意见和建议.

火驱技术是通过注气井向地层连续注入空气并点燃油层,实现层内燃烧,从而将地层原油从注气井推向生产井.火驱技术伴随着复杂的传热、传质过程和物理化学变化,具有蒸汽驱、热水驱、烟道气驱等多种开采机理.

The historical matching of numerical simulation is a very important part of numerical simulation research,which is the basis of comparison and optimization of different development schemes or adjustment schemes and prediction of oil and gas production. At present, the historical matching mainly adopts the traditional manual trial calculation, which is complex, time consuming and labor consuming, and has multiple solutions. In order to improve the precision and efficiency of numerical simulation matching, through the study of computer-aided history matching technology, Eclipse is selected as a simulator with ensemble Kalman filter method set as the technical basis, automatic data acquisition is achieved from the model input data file, while sensitivity parameters are set as estimated parameters to establish the objective function,and to achieve automatic correction of adjustable parameters by using the optimization method. The numerical simulation aided historical matching software has been developed independently. The application shows that the multi-model automatic history matching is realized by the self-developed history matching software,and the optimal matching model is selected by using the optimized algorithm, so that a large amount of manual matching time is saved, and the precision and working efficiency are improved. The numerical simulation aided history fitting method is feasible and reliable,and has achieved good application effect.

天然气净化厂出于装置保温节能的需要,通常对装置及管线进行复合硅酸盐材料保温并外覆铝板保护层.在生产运行中发现粘有富甲基二乙醇胺溶液的保温材料出现两次自燃情况.下面就该情况发生原因做一些探讨.

新疆油田的火驱尾气中含有O2、H2S和CO2三种腐蚀性气体.以35CrMo钢为实验材料,基于新疆油田火驱尾气的现场工况,设计正交实验条件;采用失重法测试35CrMo钢的腐蚀速率;结合SEM等手段对典型工况的腐蚀产物进行测试分析.结果 表明:35CrMo钢在实验条件下发生均匀腐蚀,气质组成对腐蚀速率的影响最大,其次是温度和总压;产物形态以粒状为主,在含氧条件下有片状产物,较高温度和含氧条件下产物膜厚度较大,产物中有Fe、C、O、S四种元素,并含有Cr元素,既有Fe的硫化物,也有Fe和Cr的氧化物;O2除了参与吸氧反应,还会氧化Fe2+等,也会与H2S发生交互作用生成单质S,与CO2交互作用抑制FeCO3生成.该研究结果为金属材料在O2、H2S和CO2混合体系中的腐蚀机理和防护研究提供了理论基础.

During the early stage of evaluation of the gas field development with less well data,the established sedimentary facies model has great uncertainty only based on well data information,which is difficult to meet the accuracy requirements of geological research.Thus it is becoming more and more important to be constrained by the multi-seismic attributes for sedimentary facies modeling.Firstly under the model of Baycs,the local prior probability distributions was built,and then the probability was updated into the posterior distributions with the neighboring well data and seismic attributes data.During the updating,Markov assumption could be used to solve the problem of instability of cross matrix for different variables,and at last the sedimentary facies could be modeled through random sampling from posterior distributions of modeling points.Taking the example of the Su 10 area in the north of Sulige gas field,the relationship between seismic attributes and sedimentary facies was analyzed firstly and four types of seismic attributes were chosen including RMS amplitude,average instantaneous frequency,effective bandwidth and attenuation.Considering the problem encountered in the computation of multi-variable cross-covariance,the fusion of multi-seismic attributes was calculated to obtain their fusion probability based on Markov-Bayes model,by which a sedimentary facies model could be built.The result demonstrates that simulation result keeps an over 80 percent agreement with a sedimentary facies model drawn in hand.The prediction error is considered to be within 1％ through the analysis of cross-validation.

Based on the research of fireflooding production process in the Hongqian pilot test area of Karamay oilfield,Junggar basin,the paper divides energy consumption system of fireflooding and analyzes main factors influencing energy consumption for each system.The research result shows that the energy consumption of fireflooding mainly comes from air injection system,among which energy consumption of air compressor accounts for the largest proportion.Energy consumptions of fireflooding and steamflooding are compared with each other under the same oil production conditions,and it is considered that fireflooding has obvious advantages on energy consumption,and can be an effective alternative technology for successive oilfield development when oil-steam ratio of reservoir is low and energy consumption is large during thermal recovery by steam injection.Because the water cut of the produced liquid during fireflooding is low,the treatment has obvious advantages compared with steam injection.

为了更好地分析储层岩性对火驱燃烧的影响,提高火驱采油率,必须明确火驱前缘推进机理和产出物中组分变化情况。采用一维火驱模拟模型,研究砂岩和砂砾岩在不同注气压力或注气流量下,对火驱前缘推进距离、推进速率和最高温度的影响,以及产出液、产出气、残余油砂含量和组分的变化规律。实验结果表明,随着注气流量和压力的增加,砂砾岩中火驱前缘推进距离比砂岩中远,而推进速率和最高温度则较砂岩中低;较低注气压力或注气流量除外,其余注气压力或注气流量下,砂砾岩中产液量和产油量均比砂岩中大,且砂砾岩产出液中低碳数饱和烃相对比例较高,砂岩产出液中高碳数饱和烃相对比例较高;当注气压力小于2.0 MPa时,砂岩中产出液的芳香烃相对比例较高,而注气压力大于2.0 MPa时,砂砾岩中产出液的芳香烃相对比例较高;流量实验时,砂砾岩中产出液的芳香烃相对比例较砂岩中高;由元素分析法和红外光谱分析法实验结果可知,砂砾岩残余油砂中的有机元素含量更高,砂砾岩中胶质和沥青质更容易被驱出。综合考虑各种因素,砂砾岩储层比砂岩储层更适合开展火驱采油。

苏里格西区低渗致密砂岩气藏具有高压、低产气、高产水的特点,区块自投入生产开发以来目前面临气井产水现象严重,大量生产井积液减产甚至停产的突出问题.本文通过研究目的层微观孔隙结构尺度下的储层产水机理,揭示致密砂岩气藏渗流规律,确定影响储层产水的主控因素,结合研究区储层静动态特征提出有效的生产开发对策.研究结果表明,苏西主产水型为自由水和可动束缚水,渗流规律由生产压差直接控制,区块开发应当保证控压与控水相结合的原则,尽量避免应力敏感性及水锁效应的发生.气井在投产时应合理配产,控制生产压差,防止由于生产压差过大束缚水转变为可动水、产水量增大的情况出现.

随着中国石油在海外业务的拓展,以及“走出去”战略的实施,使得我国海外油气管道建设项目正在不断地兴起.而海外管道项目的进度与其质量具有一定的联系.项目进度实际上就是将项目行动计划转换成为一个具体的作业时间表,使得整个项目工作都在可以监控的范围内.同时,在项目建设中,不同的进度对于人员的作业要求也存在一定差异,从而某种程度上来说,影响着具体的预算,是项目管理的重要组成部分.本文针对进度控制的概念加以分析,并就海外油气管道项目管理的特点,来对其项目进度控制的难点加以分析,并在难点的基础上,提出对应的海外油气管道项目进度控制得到方法与措施,希望能够在保证我国海外油气管道项目建设的质量与进度.

In order to explore the feasibility of fire flooding technology for heavy oil in later stage of steam injection, an electri-cally heated igniter and auxiliary tools have been developed and ignition of oil reservoir at high temperature is realized; the combustion regime, live wire front location and advancing direction were judged through monitoring of live wire front, monitoring of components of produced gas and pressure-resistant down-hole temperature and pressure detection means; a multi-phase string flow temperature and pressure distribution model was built for vertical wells, fire flood working system and production fashion were determined, and auxiliary gas-proof tools were developed and the fire flooding and lift technology was created. According to various production stages by fire flooding and corrosion features of gas injector and producer, down-hole working conditions were simulated and indoor corrosion tests were carried out for oxygen corrosion and acidic gas corrosion, the tubular corrosion features were understood and the corrosion-proof technology was defined for gas injector and producer. Field tests show that this technology can meet the production requirement by fire flooding, and also proved the feasibility of converting to fire flooding of heavy oil reservoir in later stage of steam injection, providing technical support for similar reservoirs converting to fire flooding technology.

本文主要是探讨一下地震勘探中野外排列小线的阻值情况，以便于操作员能够更好的理解在查排列过程中一些阻值形成的原因。

新疆油田H1火驱先导试验区属稠油区块,原开采方式为注蒸汽开采,后期采收率降低,经济效益下降,需要新的接替技术提高开发效益和采收率.针对上述问题,新疆油田公司开展了火驱配套技术的研究.经过近几年矿场试验,截止2013年,火驱试验计划点火井组13口,成功点火13口.点火试验取得了成功,试验过程中,获得了一些重要的经验,相关配套技术得到进一步完善,为今后火烧油层法开采难动用储量提供了技术储备.

Slope factor plays an important role in the design of mountain pipeline,and no one particular slope index can comprehensively reflect the relation between the fractal feature of slopes in the region and many important project quantities in the construction of mountain pipeline.This paper confirms the distribution general of slope in pipeline route with MAPGIS technology to determine the distribution general of different slopes in the region,and carries out a study on the fractal feature of slopes in the regions that pipeline will cross over with the fractal method and the variable dimension fractal method,so that the fractal feature and accumulated feature of slope distribution can be discovered to get the fractal dimension value of different slope sections by calculation.Combined with the development tendency of geological hazards in the region,the quantity of hot bending pipe and that of hydrotechnological protection designed in pipeline installation drawing,the paper discusses the relation between the fractal dimension value and said situations,and the results can provide effective design basis and technical methods to the design of mountain pipeline.

鉴于坡度因素在山区管道设计中的重要性,且目前没有一个特定的坡度指标能够综合反映区域内坡度分布特征及其与山区管道建设中诸多重要工程量之间的关系.利用MAPGIS技术生成管道途经区的坡度分布图,以此确定各个获得坡度段在区域内的分布情况,并使用分形和变换分形的方法对途经区坡度分布特征进行研究,获得坡度分布的分形和累计分形特征,并计算得到各个坡度段的分维值.结合相应区域内地质灾害的发育情况,管道线路施工图设计的热煨弯管用量及水工保护用量,探讨分维值与它们的关系,以期为山区管道设计提供有效的设计依据和技术方法.