Plant fiber foams are gaining increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastic foams, yet their hydrophilicity and mechanical limitations hinder practical application. Herein, bamboo fiber foams with tailored microstructure were constructed. Two distinct types of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)—high-solid cellulose nanofibers (HS-CNFs) and low-solid cellulose nanofibers (LS-CNFs)—served as key structural regulators. HS-CNFs were prepared via mechano-enzymatic fibrillation, while LS-CNFs were obtained through succinic anhydride esterification. Crucially, these distinct types of CNCs dictated fundamentally different foam architectures. HS-CNFs promoted porous networks, whereas LS-CNFs enabled hollow structure. The addition of 10

Amid the worsening global plastic pollution crisis, "bamboo-for-plastic substitution" offers a critical environmental solution. However, plant-fiber/ABS composites, despite their eco-friendliness, suffer from inadequate impact resistance for high-end applications and irritating odor emissions in enclosed spaces, limiting their widespread adoption. This study innovatively developed high-performance bamboo-based ABS composites via a three-dimensional cross-linked network of bamboo fibers (BFs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), synergistically modified with low-temperature plasma (LTP) and silane coupling agent KH550. Results show remarkable enhancements: tensile strength (+36.42%), flexural strength (+34.6%), and impact strength (+197.91% vs. pure BF-reinforced ABS), overcoming BF-induced toughness decline. At 80 degrees C, acrylonitrile and styrene emissions dropped by 50.4% and 45.8% respectively, mitigating odor issues. Functionally, it exhibits broadband sound insulation (35.2 dB) and thermal conductivity of 0.533 W/(m & sdot;K), expanding applications. This work validates that cross-linked network engineering and interfacial enhancement enable simultaneous improvements in mechanical properties, odor reduction, and sound-thermal functionalities, pioneering a design concept for high-performance bamboo-based composites with potential for large-scale use in transportation, aerospace, and electronics.

Natural bamboo fiber (BF) composites offer a sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable synthetic polymers (e.g., polypropylene, PP) in noise control, yet face dual challenges: disordered surface morphology limits acoustic energy conversion, and weak fiber-matrix interfacial bonding induces performance degradation. Inspired by the multi-scale sound-dissipation architecture of tree frog skin (micro-papillae attenuating 3000-5000 Hz noise and nanofolds reducing reflectivity by 62 %), we propose a cross-scale synergistic strategy integrating plasma-induced surface reconstruction (300W/180s/O-2) and covalent-supramolecular dual-network (DCN-PEI) interfacial engineering. Plasma treatment constructs "groove-particle" hierarchical structures (groove depth: 1.2 +/- 0.3 mu m, particle diameter: 80 +/- 20 nm), while KH550 silanization forms Si-O-C bonds increasing the contact angle to 111.1 degrees +/- 2.3 degrees, mimicking the hydrophobic barrier function of glycoprotein mucus. The biomimetic composite achieves: 1) Record-high sound absorption coefficient (SAC) (alpha = 0.82 +/- 0.03 at 2000-4000 Hz, 35 % enhancement vs. untreated BF); 2) Ultrahigh transmission loss (>55 dB at 1000-6300 Hz, thickness: 6 mm, density: 0.5 g/cm(3)), outperforming palm fiber by 42 % in SAC and commercial PP board by 2.6-fold in noise reduction (29.6 dB vs. 11.6 dB); 3) Self-healing functionality with 34 % +/- 3 % scratch depth recovery via dynamic H-bonds and transesterification. This work pioneers cross-scale integration of biological acoustic mechanisms and self-repair, establishing a "morphology-interface-function" trilevel design paradigm for sustainable acoustics.

Addressing the need for sustainable materials amid growing environmental concerns, this study investigates the development of biodegradable composites from landscaping waste (LW) and polylactic acid (PLA), enhanced with biochar (BC). The primary focus is on evaluating the impact of BC addition (0.5-4 wt%) on the mechanical performance and hygrothermal aging (water absorption and color stability) of LW/PLA composites. Furthermore, BC incorporation effectively mitigates aging: increasing BC content and exposure time lead to lower thickness swelling, reduced color fading, and less surface deterioration compared to BC-free composites. Water absorption kinetics followed the Fickian model, and saturation significantly degraded mechanical properties, primarily due to fiber swelling, interfacial micro-cracking, and debonding. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed that moisture saturation increased the loss factor and impaired interfacial stress transfer. This work demonstrates that BC, particularly at 1 %, is a highly effective modifier for enhancing the performance and durability of sustainable LW/PLA composites.

Achieving modulus compatibility with dentin while retaining the high strength and toughness of fiber posts remains an unsolved challenge, which critically limits the success of caries restoration. In this study, we ingeniously employ natural bamboo fiber, which closely matches the mechanical properties of dentin, as a substitute for conventional synthetic fibers, fundamentally enhancing mechanical compatibility. Meanwhile, a heterogeneous multi-mechanism synergistic reinforcement strategy was proposed to overcome the inherent interfacial incompatibility between bamboo fibers and epoxy resin. The incorporation of aminated bacterial cellulose not only constructed a multiscale structure with hydrogen-covalent bond-coupled interfaces and multiple energy dissipation pathways, but also enabled the functional integration of mechanical performance and antibacterial activity. This strategy led to the development of a novel antibacterial bamboo fiber post with ultrahigh strength (580.02 MPa), outstanding toughness (94.89 J/cm2), and a low elastic modulus. Furthermore, the robust and tunable three-dimensional bacterial cellulose energy network allowed precise regulation of interfacial stress transfer and dissipation, enabling customized mechanical design of the bamboo fiber post. Comprehensive evaluations-including biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, chewing stress simulation, light transmittance, and aesthetic performance-further confirm the material's strong potential for clinical application. This work opens new avenues for the biomedical application of bamboo fiber.

Although bamboo has broad application prospects in the transportation industry, its insufficient flexibility remains a challenge when designing components with large curvature and complex shapes. In this study, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and micron-level computed tomography (Micro-CT) were used to investigate the effects of alkali treatment with different mass concentrations and different loading directions on the flexibility expression of bamboo, and to evaluate the potential relationship between the structure and flexibility of bamboo. The results showed that in the bamboo samples treated with 15 wt% NaOH, fiber fibrillation and surface thin layer peeling during the fracture process increased the consumption of fracture energy, thereby improving the theoretical tensile strength and bending fracture toughness. Microstructurally, after alkali treatment, the loosening between cells increases the compressible space, leading to a significant prolongation of the plastic stage, especially when loaded from the radial bamboo yellow side (Mode II). When the NaOH concentration reached 25 wt%, the excessive removal of hemicellulose and lignin led to the destruction of the cell wall structure and a decrease in the fiber crystallinity, and the mechanical properties of bamboo were reduced. Therefore, appropriate alkali treatment can maintain the strength of bamboo and improve its flexibility, which is similar to the principle of mercerized cotton. The modified bamboo has application potential in curved components in the transportation field and can meet the requirements of lightweight, flexibility, and environmental protection.

In order to achieve an aerogel with both rigid pore structures and desired flexibility, stiff carboxyl-functionalized cellulose nanofiber (CNFs) were introduced into a flexible polyvinyl alcohol-polyethyleneimine (PVA-PEI) crosslinking network, with 4-formylphenylboronic acid (4FPBA) bridging within the PVA-PEI network to enable dynamic boroxine and imine bond formation. The strong covalent bonds and hydrogen connections between CNF and the crosslinking network enhanced the wet stability of the aerogel while also contributed to its thermal stability. Importantly, the harmonious coordination between the stiff CNF and the flexible polymer chains not only facilitated aerogel flexibility but also enhanced its increased specific surface area by improving pore structure. Moreover, the inclusion of CNF enhanced the adsorption capacity of the aerogel, rendering it effective for removing heavy metal ions. The specific surface area and adsorption capacity for copper ions of the aerogel increased significantly with a 3 wt% addition CNF suspension, reaching 19.74 m2 g-1 and 60.28 mg g-1, respectively. These values represent a remarkable increase of 590.21 % and 213.96 %, respectively, compared to the blank aerogel. The CNF-enhanced aerogel in this study, characterized by its well-defined pore structures, and desired flexibility, demonstrates versatile applicability across multiple domains, including environmental protection, thermal insulation, electrode fabrication, and beyond.

This study focuses on three different regions of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): an inner layer (IB), middle layer (MB), and outer layer (OB), to comprehensively characterize the structural features, chemical composition (ash, extractives and lignin contents), and the lignin monomeric composition as determined by analytical pyrolysis. The results show that bamboo presents a gradient structure. From the IB to OB, the vascular bundle density and fiber sheath ratio increase, the porosity decreases (from 45.92% to 18.14%), and the vascular bundle diameter–chord ratio increases (from 0.85 to 1.48). In terms of chemical composition, the ash, extractives, and acid-soluble lignin content gradually decrease from IB to OB. The holocellulose content follows the trend: MB (66.3%) > OB (65.9%) > IB (62.8%), while the acid-insoluble lignin content exhibits the opposite trend: IB (22.6%) > OB (17.8%) > MB (17.7%). Pyrolysis products reveal the diversity of carbohydrates and lignin derivatives, with a lignin monomeric composition rich in syringyl and guaiacyl units and lower amounts of H-units: the IB has an H:G:S relation of 18:26:55, while 15:27:58 is the ratio for the MB and 15:40:45 for the OB; S/G ratio values were, respectively, 1.22, 1.46, and 0.99. A comprehensive analysis highlights significant gradient variations in the structure and chemistry of bamboo, providing robust support for the classification and refinement methods of bamboo residues for potential applications.

Bamboo fiber (BF) composite is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material. However, the traditional preparation process requires multiple modification processes, leading to changes in fiber properties, and often results in strength loss and energy waste. To address these issues, we report a novel tetrahydromethyl-1,3isobenzofurandione epoxy system (MeTHPA-EP) that can simultaneously modify BF and solidify the matrix, resulting in a more efficient and sustainable composite material. In the BF/MeTHPA-EP forming process, BF acts as an "accelerator," promoting the curing reaction and advancing the exothermic peak of the matrix by 10 degrees C. Meanwhile, MeTHPA acts as a "bridge," reducing the wettability of BF by 35-50% and decreasing the porosity to 1.02%. The combined effect of these two factors significantly strengthens BF as reinforcement, increasing matrix strength by 5.77 times and modulus by 5.82 times, exhibiting apparent ductile bulk failure. Furthermore, we conducted a comparison with the traditional isophorone diamine curing agent, verifying the superiority of the MeTHPA-EP system in reducing voids and enhancing interfacial stability. Our research expands the applicability of bamboo fiber as a reinforcing material, providing a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and effective method for producing high-performance bamboo fiber composites.

An approach involving low energy consumption was used to transform jute/polypropylene prepregs into a sustainable sandwich structure for automotive application. Fiber orientation and stacking sequence were modified to investigate their influence on the physical-mechanical properties of the prepregs as well as cyclic flexural properties, compression fatigue behaviors and 3D microstructure of honeycomb sandwich panels. The mechanical properties of the face sheets were comparable with GF-SMC; but since they are derived from natural fiber they present a more sustainable and renewable alternative to GF-SMC. Stacking sequence and fiber orientation were found remarkably factors for the limitation of structure and performance design. The honeycomb panels occurred fatigue failures under the compression cyclic loading for 131-547 times. The flexural and shear buckling modes correlated with each other and all the materials failed in a combination of face wrinkling, partial crushing and debonding. It was found that the prepregs could provide more possibilities for optimum structural design of honeycomb sandwich panels, benefiting for the applications in the automotive lightweight field.

Bamboo fiber-reinforced composites, noted for their light weight, have seen application in automotive interior components. However, their flammability presents significant risks to vehicular safety. In this study, melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was used to flame-retardant modify bamboo flour (BF) reinforced polypropylene (PP)/ poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites. The results showed that MPP are contribute to enhancing the thermal stability and improving the flame retardancy of composites. Notably, the peak of heat release rate (629.66 kW/m2) of BF reinforced PP/PLA composites containing 5

The development of lignocellulosic foams has been gaining momentum due to their sustainability and biodegradability. However, lignocellulosic foams often have low preparation efficiency and poor mechanical properties, especially compression performance. Here, we constructed mechanically robust and thermal insulating cellulosic foams through high-temperature drying, in which all bamboo-sourced lignin-containing pulp fibers (LPF) and steam explosion fibers (SEF) were chosen as a skeleton and high solid fibrillated cellulose (HSFC) as a binder. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the characteristics of bamboo fibers and the HSFC addition on the formation, and mechanical- and thermal insulation performances of the resulting foams. The HSFC incorporation endowed the foams with excellent mechanical performance, the stress at 10 % strain and compressive modulus were 0.29 MPa and 4.4 MPa, respectively, which were 10-fold and 44-fold compared to LPF foam without HSFC. The LPF/HSFC possessed excellent energy absorption capacity (170 kJ/m3 under 40 % strain) as well as good thermal insulating performance (0.054 W/(m·K)). The LPF/HSFC foam with a much more homogeneous cellular structure outperformed the SEF/HSFC foam. This work suggests that the developed bamboo fiber foams hold promise for use in protective packaging and thermal insulation applications.

An approach involving low energy consumption was used to transform jute/polypropylene prepregs into a sustainable sandwich structure for automotive application. Fiber orientation and stacking sequence were modified to investigate their influence on the physical-mechanical properties of the prepregs as well as cyclic flexural properties, compression fatigue behaviors and 3D microstructure of honeycomb sandwich panels. The mechanical properties of the face sheets were comparable with GF-SMC; but since they are derived from natural fiber they present a more sustainable and renewable alternative to GF-SMC. Stacking sequence and fiber orientation were found remarkably factors for the limitation of structure and performance design. The honeycomb panels occurred fatigue failures under the compression cyclic loading for 131–547 times. The flexural and shear buckling modes correlated with each other and all the materials failed in a combination of face wrinkling, partial crushing and debonding. It was found that the prepregs could provide more possibilities for optimum structural design of honeycomb sandwich panels, benefiting for the applications in the automotive lightweight field.

The aim of this research was to investigate the moisture absorption of bamboo fibers (BFs) and their composites manufactured using different methods. The hygroscopic properties of BFs, jute fibers (JFs), glass fibers (GFs), and epoxy (EP) were compared and analyzed using dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), as well as the hygroscopic properties of the BF-Naval Ordnance Laboratory (BF-NOL), JF-NOL, GF-NOL, and bamboo fiber -reinforced epoxy composites manufactured via filament winding (FW), hot pressing (HP), and resin transfer molding (RTM). The results were analyzed using the Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB), parallel exponential kinetics (PEK), and DoseResp models. The results indicated that BFs conformed to type II. The moisture adsorption isotherms of BF-NOL, JF-NOL, GF-NOL, and BF composites prepared by different molding processes exhibited a typical V-shape. The GAB and DoseResp models provided good fits to the changes in adsorption and desorption processes. The final equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of BFs and BF-NOL were 27.1% and 3.95%, respectively, the final EMC of BF composites prepared by RTM was 2.34%.

In November 2022,the Chinese government and the International Bamboo and Rattan Organization （INBAR） jointly launched the Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic Initiative in order to advance the UN’s 2030Sustainable Development Agenda,which is a response to global concerns about environmental conservation and the growing public awareness of plastic pollution. Bamboo as a substitute for plastic presents a new opportunity and acts as a potent weapon for the growth of China’s bamboo industry,which will play a promoting role in environmental conservation and economic growth. This paper analyzes the international policies on bamboo as a substitute for plastics, and describes bamboo-based substitutes for disposable items, daily necessities, construction and transportation products and engineering facilities. From the perspectives of edge-cutting science,technological breakthroughs,industry demands,public health,social services and cultural heritage,this paper proposes the suggestions for the development of bamboo-based substitution for plastics. It is aimed at providing a basis for macrolevel decision-making of the government and facilitating the promotion and application of technologies and products in relation to bamboo substitution for plastics,so as to lead the world towards green and sustainable development.

Using bamboo residue and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as the main raw materials, core–shell structured wood plastic composites (WPCs) with nano-CaCO3 filling shell were prepared by coextruded technology. The effect of nano-CaCO3 contents on the flexural properties, impact strength and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of the core–shell structured WPCs were investigated. And the value of core–shell interface interaction parameter was calculated by dynamic thermodynamic parameters. The results showed that the flexural strength increased by 48.1% and 40.3% when it was loaded with 10%–15% nano-CaCO3, compared to the HDPE shell composites, respectively. While nano-CaCO3-filled HDPE shell had lower impact strength in comparison with HDPE shell, the field emission scanning electron microscope revealed proper interfacial adhesion between the core and shell layers. The storage modulus of core–shell structured WPCs increased as nano-CaCO3 contents increased, but the values were lower than that of the HDPE shell. Addition of nano-CaCO3 caused an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the core–shell structured WPCs, loss factor (tanδ) of the core–shell structured WPCs decreased. The value of the core–shell interface interaction parameter of the core–shell structured WPCs increased significantly after the nano-CaCO3 loading reached 15%, which was consistent with the bending test results. These findings demonstrate that the core–shell structured WPCs have excellent properties filling with nano-CaCO3 in the shell layer, and bamboo residue is added to the core layer.

一次性塑料制品的大量使用,导致了严重的环境污染问题,大量学者针对可降解塑料展开研究.植物纤维具有来源广、成本低、环境友好等特点,将其作为增强相引入可降解塑料,可以改善可降解塑料的力学性能,并保持其绿色的可降解性,微孔发泡技术可以有效降低成本.概述了目前可降解塑料的国内外产业现状,分别从化学发泡法和物理发泡法两方面综述了植物纤维增强可降解塑料微孔发泡复合材料的研究进展,总结了其在包装领域、汽车领域和日常生活领域的多种应用情况,最后指出了植物纤维增强可降解塑料微孔发泡复合材料的成本、加工技术和界面问题仍是未来研究的重点,并对其拓展应用做出了展望.

以聚丙烯(PP)/竹纤维(BF)复合板为蒙皮,聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫为芯材,采用夹层结构设计,制成PUR夹芯结构PP/BF复合材料,再经异型模压成型工艺制备PUR夹层结构PP/BF汽车内饰构件,通过万能试验机和色差仪对PP/植物纤维复合材料的性能进行测试与表征,结果表明,PUR夹层结构PP/BF复合材料的滚筒剥离强度、弯曲性能及在4次循环试验后的尺寸稳定性能良好,未出现显著变色,20天内无发霉现象,可满足汽车主机厂的使用要求.PUR夹层结构PP/BF汽车内饰构件的单位能耗为30.65 MJ/kg,CO2排放量为2.74 kg/kg,与PUR夹层结构PP/麻纤维(JF)汽车内饰构件相比,分别降低了16.80％和0.55 kg/kg,说明BF替代JF用于汽车内饰构件具有可行性.

采用多维植筋法制备了软质聚氨酯泡沫/加捻植物纤维(FPUF/TPF)复合材料,研究了植筋方向、TPF毛羽率及植筋体积分数对FPUF/TPF结合界面、力学性能、耐疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,植筋后复合材料的力学性能及耐疲劳性能均有所提升,植筋体积分数在0.35％～0.7％之间时,复合材料能在保证轻质的前提下得到较好的性能增强.植筋后力学性能的增强表现为压陷硬度提升,最高可提升89.69％;压陷比普遍提高,最高达3.56,提升了37.98％,支撑性能得到提升;横向植筋样品的滞后损失率普遍降低,作为垫材时样品舒适感提升;纵向植筋样品的滞后损失率普遍升高,缓冲性能有所提升.植筋后复合材料耐疲劳性能的增强表现为抗蠕变抗变形能力提升,长时间使用后变形更小;40％压陷硬度损失率最低为11.01％,降低了38.59％,植筋后的循环次数最高可达空白样品(FPUF)的4.1倍;压缩永久变形率较空白样品降低29.63％.同时对比发现,横向植筋样品的结合界面优于纵向植筋,毛羽较少的TPF与聚氨酯的界面性能较好,过多的毛羽会一定程度上影响泡孔大小和形态.

植物纤维来源丰富,能耗低,被认为是最具前景的绿色可再生资源.竹纤维具有成本低、 密度小、比强度高等特点,与其他材料组成的复合材料是一种资源节约型和环境友好型材料.文章概述了竹纤维的结构组成与力学性能,综述了竹纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(BFRP)的研究与应用现状,在此基础上提出了BFRP今后的研究重点,包括竹纤维化学组成、界面性能及生产工艺等,以期为发挥其优良特性、扩大其应用领域提供参考.