目的 评估湖北省2016-2019年重点寄生虫病防治规划任务完成情况和终期效果,总结经验,发现问题,为下一阶段防治提供依据.方法 按照《全国包虫病等重点寄生虫病防治规划(2016-2020年)终期评估方案》要求,采取回顾性调查方法,收集2016-2019年湖北省重点寄生虫病防治工作落实情况和保障措施及人群感染情况等相关资料进行报告.结果 2016-2019年湖北省累计开展宣传教育2 920 992人次,防治技术培训209次,业务培训7 680人次,平均每年开展52次,平均培训1 920人次;全省共安排专项寄生虫病防治经费344.52万元,其中省本级投入经费172.22万元,实现国家现行标准下农村安全饮水全覆盖,累计建成农村无害化厕所768.79万户.2016-2019年开展监测查病39 658人次,人群肝吸虫病感染率为0,土源性线虫感染率0.42％,各年间感染率有波动,年间感染率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.276,P＞0.05),各虫种间感染率差异有统计学意义(x2=112.807,P＜0.01).2016-2019年在17个监测点共检测5 393人,肺吸虫血清阳性率3.93％,年间血清学阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=146.011,P＜0.01);共采集溪蟹738只,中间宿主溪蟹感染率16.26％,年间溪蟹感染率差异有统计学意义(x2=49.731,P＜0.01).结论 2016-2019年,湖北省坚持实施"预防为主,防治结合"的防治策略,全面落实各项防治措施,效果显著,重点寄生虫病已处于较低流行态势,达到了防治目标要求,但传播风险依然存在,下一步要继续加大保障与监测力度,巩固防治成果.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility of wild Anopheles sinensis to insecticides, including deltamethrin,beta-cyfluthrin, and malathion, in Zaoyang, Hubei province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the local malaria vector control. Methods An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured from cowsheds in Zaoyang of Hubei province in both July 2019 and July 2021. The filter-paper bioassay recommended by the World Health Organization（WHO） was used to determine the susceptibility of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and malathion. For each insecticide, the test procedures were repeated four times（n≈25） in 2019 and six times（n≈25） in 2021. During the measurement, the numbers of knocked down mosquitoes at 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min were recorded. After 60 min of exposure, all tested adult An. sinensis mosquitoes were transferred to the holding tubes, and the mortality was recorded 24 h later. The insecticide resistance level was assessed based on the WHO criteria. Excel 2007 software was used for data collation.SPSS 17.0 software and the Chi-square test were used to analyze and compare the differences in 60 min knockdown rate between 2019 and 2021. Results The experimental groups of deltamethrin had 60 min knockdown rates of 2.00% in 2019 and 0 in 2021, with a statistical difference between them（χ~2=9.800, P=0.007）, and had 24 h mortality rates of 7.74%in 2019 and 15.67% in 2021. The experimental groups of beta-cyfluthrin had 60 min knockdown rates of 0 in 2019 and 0.61% in 2021, with a statistical difference between them（χ~2=6.400, P=0.011）, and had 24 h mortality rates of 17.04% in 2019 and 4.36% in 2021. The experimental groups of malathion had 60 min knockdown rates of 3.06% in 2019 and 3.14% in 2021, with no statistical difference between them（χ~2=8.000, P=0.156）, and had 24 h mortality rates of 55.58%in 2019 and 82.24% in 2021. The resistance levels to the three types of insecticides were all "resistant" both in 2019 and 2021. Conclusions An. sinensis in Zaoyang, Hubei province has developed resistance to deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin,and malathion. The monitoring of insecticide resistance of An. sinensis should be strengthened. Insecticides should be used reasonably, and comprehensive control measures should be taken.

目的 整理2017-2021年湖北省疟疾病例资料,对湖北省消除疟疾前后疟疾疫情变化趋势进行对比分析,为湖北省优化消除疟疾后防止输入再传播策略提供科学依据.方法 收集2017-2021年传染病报告信息管理系统湖北省网报疟疾病例资料,对消除疟疾前(2017-2019年)和消除疟疾后(2020-2021)湖北省疟疾疫情开展流行病学特征分析.结果 2017-2021年湖北省共报告境外输入性疟疾病例429例,疟疾疫情呈现先升后降的变化趋势.消除前共报告疟疾374例,其中恶性疟262例(70.05％);消除后报告55例,其中恶性疟25例(45.45％).疟疾消除前后,四种疟原虫感染病例占比差异有统计学意义(x2=14.248,P＜0.05).消除前,1、7和11月为病例报告的高峰期;消除后,1-2月和12月为高峰期.消除疟疾前后,病例报告地均主要集中在武汉市、宜昌市、黄石市、襄阳市、十堰市和黄冈市,但病例分布范围呈现明显的缩小趋势.消除疟疾前后,湖北省疟疾病例均以30～＜50岁中青年男性为主.工人和民工占比分别由消除前的37.70％和9.09％,提高至消除后的50.91％和18.18％,消除疟疾前后职业占比差异有统计学意义(x2=17.839,P＜0.05).发病至初诊时间≥5d的病例占比由消除前的21.66％下降至消除后的10.91％,消除疟疾前后,发病至初诊时间间隔占比差异有统计学意义(x2=6.448,P＜0.05).乡镇卫生院的初诊正确率由消除前的18.18％提升至消除后的50.00％.县级医疗机构确诊疟疾病例的占比从消除前的22.73％上升到消除后的34.55％.消除疟疾前后,各级医疗机构确诊疟疾病例的占比差异无统计学意义(x2=5.630,P＞0.05).初诊至确诊的时间间隔在24 h的病例占比由消除前的43.85％提升至消除后的70.91％.消除疟疾前后,初诊至确诊时间间隔病例占比差异有统计学意义(x2=14.006,P＜0.05).消除疟疾前后,疟疾病例感染来源地均主要来自非洲国家.结论 湖北省在消除疟疾前后,每年均有输入性疟疾病例报告,给全省防止输入再传播工作带来巨大挑战.因此,要强化监测体系,及时发现并规范治疗输入性疟疾病例,有针对性地开展再传播风险调查及评估,巩固消除疟疾成果.

目的 了解湖北省雷氏按蚊历史分布区传疟媒介种群情况,为制定媒介防治措施提供依据.方法 湖北省雷氏按蚊历史分布区各选取3个乡镇各1个自然村为调查点,于2016-2018年每年7-9月,每村于室内(人房或牲畜棚)、室外(靠近水稻田)各选取2个调查场所开展1次种群调查,采用灯诱法(19:00至次日07:00)和人工捕蚊法(清晨室内)捕蚊,连续调查3d.分析雷氏按蚊历史分布区灯诱法和人工捕蚊法捕获按蚊密度差异,人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同捕蚊场所捕获按蚊密度差异.结果 2016-2018年,湖北省雷氏按蚊历史分布区灯诱法共捕获按蚊54 903只,均为中华按蚊,未发现雷氏按蚊及其他按蚊;三年灯诱按蚊平均密度差异无统计学意义(F=0.158,P＞0.05);不同地区三年灯诱平均密度差异有统计学意义(F=4.151,P＜0.05),汉川市按蚊密度[169.85只/(灯·夜)]显著高于其他地区.2016-2018年各年度人房、牲畜棚和室外等不同捕蚊场所按蚊密度差异均有统计学意义(F=4.673,P＜0.05;F=3.748,P＜0.05;F=4.774,P＜0.05),牲畜棚捕获的按蚊密度各年均最高.2016-2018年,湖北省雷氏按蚊历史分布区人工捕蚊法共捕获按蚊1318只,均为中华按蚊,未发现雷氏按蚊及其他按蚊;三年人工捕蚊法按蚊平均密度差异无统计学意义(F=1.902,P＞0.05);不同地区三年人工捕蚊法平均密度差异无统计学意义(F=1.694,P＞0.05).结论 湖北省传疟媒介中华按蚊广泛存在,有潜在的疟疾传播风险,应继续开展持续、规范的监测工作,防止输入性疟疾的本地传播.

目的 了解湖北省并殖吸虫病流行状况,为制订防治对策提供依据.方法 2018-2020年在湖北省13个县(市、区)设立监测点,每年8-10月,在每个监测点选择1个行政村或沿水系分布的若干自然村,按整群抽样的方法对6岁以上全部常住居民进行调查,人数不少于300人.采集监测点居民血样,采用ELISA检测血清抗并殖吸虫抗体水平.血清抗体阳性者再采集痰液用浓集消化法检测并殖吸虫虫卵,并进行个案调查.对采集血样的居民进行问卷调查,包括姓名、年龄、文化程度等一般情况和相关行为.选择监测点内的山坑、溪流环境采集第二中间宿主溪蟹,采用捣碎沉淀法检测并殖吸虫囊蚴感染情况.结果 3年共调查3947人,人群血清抗并殖吸虫抗体总阳性率为9.5％ (376/3947).血清抗体阳性者痰液经浓集消化法检测均未查到虫卵.不同地区以兴山县人群血清抗体阳性率最高,为72.5％ (158/218);地区间人群血清抗体阳性率的差异有统计学意义(x2=1169.9,P＜0.01).男性和女性血清抗体阳率分别为9.2％ (172/1875)、9.9％ (204/2072),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.516,P＞ 0.05).各年龄段血清抗体阳性率以6～9岁和≥60岁较高,分别为11.1％ (9/81)和12.9％(251/1951);各年龄段血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=56.148,P＜0.01).不同文化程度人群血清抗体阳性率以小学和大学及以上人群较高,分别为12.4％ (277/2228)和2/14;不同文化程度血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=70.606,P＜0.01).问卷调查分析结果显示:饮用自来水人群的血清抗体阳性率最高,为11.3％ (285/2529);各种饮用水类型的人群血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=28.834,P＜0.01).食用过溪蟹者的血清抗体阳性率为11.5％ (36/313),未食用者的血清抗体阳性率为9.4％ (340/3634) (x2=1.539,P＞0.05).有饮生水行为者的血清抗体阳性率为5.9％ (77/1315),无饮生水行为者的血清抗体阳性率为11.4％(299/2632),两者差异有统计学意义(x2=30.829,P＜0.01).共采集溪蟹558只,并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率为10.4％ (58/558),平均感染度为7.6个囊蚴/只;13个监测点中溪蟹感染率最高的为兴山县,达81.6％ (31/38);利川市、丹江口市、建始县、夷陵区、通山县、宣恩县、英山县等7个监测点未查到囊蚴感染溪蟹;不同地区间溪蟹感染率差异有统计学意义(x2=195.514,P＜0.01).结论 湖北省人群血清抗并殖吸虫抗体阳性率仍较高,以兴山县、≥60岁年龄段、小学文化程度人群为重点人群;第二中间宿主溪蟹的囊蚴感染率较高,传播风险依然存在.

湖北省历史上流行的疟疾以间日疟为主,传疟媒介为中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊.曾先后于1954-1955年、1967-1973年出现过疟疾大流行,其中1970年发病率高达602.4/万.70年来,湖北省遵循"因地制宜、分类指导、突出重点"的原则,采取了不同的综合防治措施,到2010年全省疟疾发病率降至0.07/万.2010年湖北省启动了消除疟疾行动计划,2013年实现了无本地感染疟疾病例,2019年全省通过了消除疟疾考核,实现了消除疟疾目标.本文就湖北省疟疾流行概况、疟疾防治和消除历程、面临的挑战及展望等作一概述.

目的 了解2016-2020年湖北省疟疾疫情流行特征,为优化消除疟疾后的防控策略提供科学支撑.方法 通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统收集2016-2020年湖北省网报疟疾病例资料,对病例感染虫种、感染来源地、三间分布和就诊情况等进行分析.不同医疗机构间的初诊确诊率的比较采用x2检验.结果 湖北省2016-2020年共报告疟疾病例560例,全部为境外输入性疟疾病例.其中,恶性疟387例 (占69.11％)、间日疟75例 (占13.39％)、卵形疟80例(占14.29％)、三日疟16例(占2.86％)、混合感染2例(占0.36％).2016-2020年,报告疟疾病例数分别为151、96、127、151和35例,其中2020年报告疟疾病例数较2019年下降76.82％.所有疟疾病例感染地来自4个洲的39个国家,其中输入病例数居前5位的国家分别是刚果(金)(117例)、尼日利亚(49例)、埃塞俄比亚(48例)、安哥拉(45例)和刚果(布) (32例).2016-2020年各月均有疟疾病例报告,其中1、2和11月为病例报告的高峰月,报告病例数分别为77、76和51例.湖北省除神农架林区外,16个市(州)均有疟疾病例报告,主要分布在武汉(184例)、宜昌(81例)、黄石(56例)、襄阳(39例)和十堰(36例).病例以20～49岁年龄组居多,占85.36％ (478/560).男性病例540例,女性20例,男女性别比为27∶1.报告疟疾病例中,361例(占64.47％)在发病后2d内就诊,69例(占12.32％)在发病11d后就诊.396例初诊诊断为疟疾,初诊确诊率为70.71％.病例初诊主要集中在县级以上医疗机构(73.21％,410/560),县级以上医疗机构初诊确诊率为77.32％ (317/410);在乡(镇)卫生院、个体医生和村卫生室初诊的分别为45例、16例和27例,初诊确诊率分别为40.00％ (18/45)、1/16和11.11％ (3/27),不同医疗机构间的初诊确诊率差异有统计学意义(x2=103.744,P＜0.05).24 h内确诊的病例占55.89％ (313/560),初诊至确诊时间间隔≥4d的占26.43％ (148/560).疟疾病例主要由医疗机构确诊,占80.89％ (453/560).2016-2020年,湖北省报告2例输入性恶性疟死亡病例.结论 2016-2020年,湖北省报告疟疾病例均为输入性疟疾病例,以恶性疟为主,武汉、20～49年龄组、男性人群为主要分布.病例主要在医疗机构就诊,县级及以上医疗机构初诊确诊率较高.

目的 了解湖北省2018-2020年儿童蛲虫感染现状及变化趋势,为制定全省儿童蛲虫病防控策略提供科学依据.方法 根据《全国土源性线虫病监测方案(试行)》要求,在湖北省阳新县设立固定监测点,另选取10％～15％的县(市、区)作为流动监测点.各监测点按地理方位划分为东、西、南、北、中等5个片区,每片区抽取1个乡(镇、街道)的1个行政村(社区)开展监测.对各监测点中3～9岁儿童采用改良加藤厚涂片法和胶纸肛拭法进行蛲虫感染检测,采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件对不同性别、年龄、地区、不同类型儿童感染率进行比较分析.结果 2018-2020年,28个监测点共检测儿童5860名,平均蛲虫感染率为1.8％(108/5860);2018、2019和2020年感染率分别为1.6％ (37/2356)、2.3％ (40/1758)和1.8％ (31/1746).钟祥市儿童蛲虫感染率较高,为16.3％ (23/141),各地区儿童蛲虫感染率间差异具有统计学意义(x2=82.501,P＜0.01);男、女童的蛲虫感染率分别为1.8％ (58/3196)和1.9％ (50/2664),城区和乡村儿童蛲虫感染率分别为1.5％ (11/738)和1.9％ (97/5122).4～7岁年龄组儿童感染率最高,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(x2=17.697,P＜0.05);透明胶纸肛拭法蛲虫感染检出率为1.8％(106/5860),高于改良加藤厚涂片法的0.3％ (15/5860)(x2=69.152,P＜0.01).结论 湖北省2018-2020年儿童蛲虫感染率整体水平较低,各地区感染率间差异较大,重点加强对4～7岁幼托儿童蛲虫感染的监测与精准防治.

目的 分析湖北省腹水型晚期血吸虫病患者住院费用及其构成,探究住院费用的影响因素.方法 从《湖北省晚期血吸虫病救治绩效评估管理系统》中随机抽取3个县(市)定点医院,对其2011-2013年所有腹水型晚期血吸虫病人中无夹杂症者1129例的住院费用及其构成进行描述性分析,对住院费用的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果 2011、2012、2013年湖北省腹水型晚期血吸虫病的平均住院费用分别为6221、6158和6550元.抽取的1129例住院费用构成中,以药品费占比最高,三年占比分别为52.09％、50.95％、53.17％;其次为检验费,三年的占比分别为13.10％、13.85％、13.16％.Logistic回归分析显示,合并巨脾为住院费用较高的正相关因素(b>0,OR>1);腹水程度轻、住院天数少、进入临床路径为负相关因素(b<0,OR<1).结论 控制住院费用应从尽可能纳入临床路径管理、规范药物使用、合理开展检验以及缩短住院天数等方面进行综合干预.

Objective:Objective To understand the qualification of technicians in parasitic disease control in Hubei Province by analyzing the rusults of technique competition in 2015. Methods:Provincial competitions on basic knowledge and on skills were conducted among 68 technicians in 17 cities （prefectures） in May 2015. The results were collected and analyzed with SPSS18.0 software. Scores were descriptively analyzed, and group comparisons were made by t-test and ANOVA. Results:The average score of the 68 competitors was 77.6, with a passing rate of 76.5%. In detail, the average scores of blood slide-making, Plasmodium detection, Kato-Katz slide-making and helminth egg detection were 9.3（passing rate, 98.5%）, 14.2 （32.4%）, 8.6 （98.53%） and 22.6 （27.9%） respectively. The average scores on theoretical knowledge and blood slide-making of female competitors were （84.5±17.3） and （9.4±0.4）, respectively, significantly higher than those of the males （70.7±21.1, 9.1±0.9 respectively） （P<0.05）. The scores of Plasmodium microscopy and egg microscopy were higher in competitors from counties［（16.3±8.0）, （25.8±12.0）］ than in those from cities/prefectures ［（12.5±6.5）, （20.0±10.8）］ （P<0.05）. In addition, the average scores on theoretical knowledge and egg dection were higher in competitors from districts with schistosomiasis control task ［（84.4±18.4）, （25.4±11.0）］ than in those from areas without schistosomiasis control task［（61.1±14.7）, （16.0±10.8）］（P<0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in scores of various items among competitors of different ages and with professional ranks (P>0.05). Conclusion:There is a good overall performance among the professionals but an imbalance in detecting capability in different areas. The microscopic examination skill also needs to be improved.

目的 对血吸虫病传染源控制措施实施效果分析,为进一步完善传染源控制措施和巩固防治效果提供科学依据.方法 于2007-2014年在湖北省选择8个行政村为研究点.每年开展钉螺调查,人群感染情况调查,耕牛感染情况调查.所有研究村均按照防治要求,实施以机械代替耕牛耕作措施.结果 2007-2014年,研究点的钉螺面积每年均维持在488 hm2左右.活螺平均密度呈波浪型变化,高点超过0.60只/0.1 m2;钉螺感染率和感染性钉螺平均密度均呈快速下降趋势,2007年与2014年相比,下降幅度为100％,2012-l014年连续3年未查获感染性钉螺.人群感染率从3.52％(2007年)下降至0.48％(2014年),下降幅度为86.40％.耕牛感染率自2007年5.59％下降至2012年1.02％,随后连续2年均为0,2013和2014年,研究点发现饲养耕牛900头次.结论 通过实施传染源控制措施,人群、耕牛和钉螺的血吸虫感染率均呈显著下降.但是,由于钉螺孳生环境依然存在,钉螺密度未明显下降,并存在耕牛,仍然存在血吸虫病高传播风险.

人才激励机制是事业单位人才开发的重点和难点,是人才队伍建设的重要环节.本文基于马斯洛的需求层次理论探讨疾控机构人才激励的主要问题,如薪酬福利、岗位聘任、激励方式、人员培训和文化建设的问题,提出应根据疾控人才的需求差异进行人才激励机制的制度设计,更好地推动疾控事业的发展.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlations between inputs and costs and endemic situation of schistosomiasis in inner embankment, so as tb provide the references for the strategy optimization of schistosomiasis control. METHODS:Jiangling County was selected as the study field. The correlatibn and regression analyses were applied to analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County from 2006 to 2013. The methods of two-stages least squares and path analysis were applied to analyze the impacts between costs and inputs and endemic situation of schistosomiasis. RESULTS:The adjusted infection rate of population, number of bovines and Oncomelania hupensis snail areas reduced by 77.42%, 76.34% and 19.43%, respectively in Jiangling County from 2006 to 2013. The correlations between the infection rate of snails and the population positive rates of blood and fecal exams, and the infection rate of bovines were significant (all P < 0.05); and there was a significant linear regression between the infection rates of snails and bovines (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant regressions between inputs at different levels and the population positive rates of blood and fecal exams, and the infection rates of bovines and snails, as well as between the costs and the population positive rate of fecal exams and the infection rates of bovines and snails (all P < 0.05), whereas there was no statistically significant regression between the costs and the population positive rate by blood exams (P > 0.05). The inputs at county level had an impact on the population positive rate of blood exams; the costs of comprehensive treatment had an impact on the population positive rate of fecal exams; the costs of human labor and measures for exams and treatments had an impact on the infeiction rate of bovines; the inputs at national level and the costs of measures for exams and treatments had an impact on the infection rate of snails (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The inputs and costs of schistosomiasis control were related to the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County from 2006 to 2013; therefore, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive surveillance system as substitute for the current indexes on schistosomiasis control.

目的 了解长春市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为进一步防控流行性腮腺炎提供参考依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学的方法,对2009-2013年长春市流行性腮腺炎疫情报告资料进行分析.结果 2009-2013年长春市共报告流行性腮腺炎8 680例,年平均发病率为23.04/10万;男女性别比为1.72:1;3～9岁和10～ 15岁年龄组发病率较高,职业以学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童为主;每年4-7月和11月至次年1月为发病高峰.结论 应结合流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征做好防控工作,加大流行性腮腺炎的监测力度,及时发现疫情并采取控制措施.

目的 分析水源水中藻类的时间分布特征及其影响因素.方法 于2011-2013年,每月采集海口市某集中式供水水源水进行水质检测及藻密度和种类的鉴定.结果 三年期间,该水源水中的藻密度为5.35×106个/L,枯、丰、平水期藻密度分别为5.52×106、5.31×106、5.23×106个/L;水中的藻密度与pH、色度均呈正相关(P＜0.05),与总氮、总磷、硝酸盐氮、COD、浑浊度无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 该水源水可能存在枯水期藻类增长的潜在风险.

Objective To investigate the requirement of schistosomiasis control for the scientific reference of schistosomiasis control based on the equality of public health services.Methods Jiangling County,a schistosomiasis heavy endemic area,in Hubei Province was selected as research spot.The healthy people was enrolled by cluster sampling,the chronic schistosomiasis and advanced schistosomiasis patients were cenrolled by purposive smapling.The requirements of schistosomiasis control were researched by questionnaire.Results A population of 1 281 from Yuejin Village,Yanghu Village and Xinhe Village of Jiangling County was investigated,53.8％(689/1 281) male and 46.2％(592/1 281) female were included.Among healthy people,95.6％(495/518) needed the knowledge of schistosomiasis control,83.0％(430/518) wished to get the information of disease examination and preventive treatment from professional agency of schistosomiasis control,all hoped obtaining free schistosomiasis examination and treatment,92.1％(477/518) would like to take preventive medicine at home.In 500 chronic schistosomiasis patients,99％(495/500) wished to have free schistosomiasis examination,93.4％(467/500) to have schistosomiasis examination at county professional schistosomiasis control agency,96.0％(480/500) hoped the anti-pathogen and liver protection combined treatment,and 86.0％(430/500) wished to have free medicine of anti-pathogen and liver-protection.Two hundred and sixty-three advanced schistosomiasis patients all hoped that the schistosomiasis complication treatment will be included in the national health project and the liver-protection medicine will be included in free medicines.Conclusion For the achievement of people acquiring equality of public health services,the management program of schistosomiasis prevention and cure should be established and included into the system of equality of public health services so as to meet the requirements of schistosomiasis control of healthy people,chronic schistosomiasis,and advanced schistosomiasis patients.

目的 掌握长春市手足口病疫情的流行趋势,为制定防制措施提供依据.方法 收集《中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统》的数据,整理长春市手足口病病原体检测结果的资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2011年长春市共报告手足口病病例3 100例,发病率为40.38/10万.发病主要集中在5-10月,呈夏秋季高峰发病.手足口病发病以5岁以下儿童居多,男性多于女性,职业以散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生为主.结论 加强疫情监测,提高对家长的宣传教育,并加大对托幼机构等场所的管理,是做好手足口病的防控工作关键.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the spatial-time distribution characteristics of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County, Hubei Province from 2006 to 2011.METHODSThe surveillance data of schistosomiasis of Jiangling County from 2006 to 2011 were collected, and a spatial database was established. The spatial-time permutation cluster analysis was performed by SaTScan 9.1.1 to detect the spatial-time cluster areas of schistosomiasis, and a risk map was drawn by ArcGIS 10.0.RESULTSCompared to 2006, the infection rates of human, cattle and Oncomelania hupensis snails decreased by 47.67%, 93.34% and 52.41%, respectively in 2011. The space-time permutation clustering analysis of the infection rates of human, cattle and snails showed 4, 3 and 4 clusters, respectively, and all the clustered areas were distributed in inner embankment areas.CONCLUSIONSFrom 2006 to 2011, the schistosomiasis endemic situation presents a decline trend in Jiangling County. The detected cluster areas are the important areas for schistosomiasis control. The space-time permutation statistics could be used in the analysis of endemic situation of schistosomiasis.

本文归纳了2007年以来某疾病预防控制机构人事制度改革的具体做法，分析改革过程中存在的问题，提出进一步深化人事制度改革的建议，以期人事制度改革的稳步持续推进。

当前，疾病预防控制机构现行的人力资源管理体系难以适应经济发展和医药卫生体制改革的要求。作者针对现有问题提出人力资源管理改进的若干方法，以提升人力资源管理效率，更好地为国家公共卫生事业服务。