水稻育种主要分为常规育种和分子育种,其中常规育种包括纯系育种、杂交育种、诱变育种、细胞工程育种等,分子育种则包括分子标记育种、转基因育种和分子设计育种.水稻作为重要的模式作物之一,其基因组研究已经比较深入.随着生物信息学、遗传学等学科的发展,水稻基因组正加速促进水稻分子设计育种进程.通过回顾水稻发展历程和育种手段的更新迭代,进一步阐述水稻分子设计育种研究进展,并对在基因组驱动下水稻分子设计育种的前景进行了展望.

洛薯13是洛阳农林科学院、洛阳金谷王种业有限公司选育的鲜食型甘薯新品种,2015年通过河南省甘薯新品种鉴定,是"汝阳红薯"国家地标品种.本文作者旨在通过分析洛薯13优质、抗旱、丰产等特性,探讨其关键栽培技术要点,为进一步大面积推广应用及高效栽培提供技术支撑.

甘薯抗病性评价是多因素的综合评价过程,是甘薯品种选育中非常重要的一个环节.根据病虫害危害程度和品种选育所在地区的病虫害发病严重程度来确定各指标的权重系数,将模糊综合评价法首次应用于甘薯品种选育中进行抗病性综合评价,得到12个甘薯品种抗病性的综合评价数值结果和优劣次序,洛薯11号的综合抗病性最好,济薯25、商Y10-1的综合抗病性好,烟薯09157、泰薯12、源薯1号、济农74的综合抗病性较好,冀982、皖苏58、徐薯33的综合抗病性一般,徐薯22、阜0932-2的综合抗病性差.该评价方法弥补了传统评价方法的不足,为甘薯新品种的抗病性评价提供了一条具体而又切实可行的新途径.

立足豫西地区生产中对优质、抗病、高淀粉甘薯新品种的需求,面向全省及华北薯区,洛阳农林科学院及时调整育种目标,选择适应性强、综合性状好的优异外引资源作亲本,利用生物遗传学原理科学选配组合,改善育种方法,育成了优质高产多抗甘薯新品种洛薯11号,结合品种、机械、甘薯贮藏保鲜窖等综合技术,在生产中大面积应用.

根据国家区试和省级区试试验数据,用变异系数、高稳系数、回归系数系统分析洛薯11号淀粉产量的稳定性、高产稳产性、适应性.试验分析结果表明,洛薯11号淀粉率高,淀粉产量高,淀粉质量优质,耐储藏,深受淀粉加工企业及农户的喜爱,是优质高产稳产的淀粉型甘薯品种.

洛薯11号是由洛阳农林科学院、洛阳金谷王种业有限公司选育的淀粉型甘薯新品种,先后通过河南省和国家农作物品种鉴定.该品种淀粉产量高,淀粉含量高,平均淀粉产量414.1 kg/667 m2,平均淀粉率20.8％;抗蔓割病,中抗根腐病和茎线虫病;食味品质、淀粉黏性和综合抗病性优于对照徐薯22.在洛薯11号新品种的选育及推广过程中,对北方薯区甘薯诱导开花技术、甘薯新品种筛选技术程序、良种良法良机配套技术进行了探索及应用.

为更好地掌握洛薯11号产量形成的生理特性,本研究利用田间试验方法,选用徐薯22作为对照,对洛薯11号的茎叶生长动态、鲜薯生长动态、叶面积系数动态、茎叶鲜重/鲜薯重(T/R)、高产生理特性进行初步研究.结果表明,洛薯11号地上部前期生长快、中期生长稳、后期不早衰,块根膨大快,光合叶面积大,T/R值合理,经济系数较高;与徐薯22相比,洛薯11号是一个高净同化率、高淀粉型甘薯新品种.

In order to rapidly and accurately estimate the growth status of tobacco plants under natural conditions,and to im-prove the precision management level of tobacco production, the author set up standard models to simulate the daily variation in photosynthesis-transpiration rate of tobacco at vigorous growth stage by using principal component analysis and neural network a-nalysis, and verified the universality of these models. The results showed that the established multiple regression models about the factors(photosynthetic active radiation,leaf surface temperature,stomatal conductance,and intercellular carbon dioxide concen-tration)regulating the leaf photosynthesis-transpiration rate of tobacco variety Yuyan No. 10 had high fitting precisions,and their correlation coefficients were more than 0.87??. These models were used to simulate the photosynthesis-transpiration parameters of Qinyan 96,and the correlation coefficient between actually-measured values and fitted values was above 0.91??. The constructed simulation model by using neural network analysis had a higher fitting precision than that by using principal component analysis.

洛薯13是以苏薯8号为母本,国内遗传背景差异大的10个淀粉型品种为父本选育出的食用型甘薯新品种,该品种薯皮光滑、商品性状好,而且熟食味绵、沙、香、甜,纤维少,质地细腻,综合表现突出,是一个具有广阔开发利用前景的甘薯新品种.通过对洛薯13配套栽培技术研究,为洛薯13的高产高效栽培和大面积推广提供技术参考.

The effects of microbial agent on the growth, development, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field experiments by setting up the following 4 treatments: the control ( T1 , CK) , dipping roots ( T2 ) , dipping roots+ spraying at resettling stage ( T3 ) , dipping roots+ spraying at resettling stage+ spraying at vigorous growth stage ( T4 ) . The results showed that:as compared with the control T1 , the treatments T3 and T4 could significantly improve the plant height, stem circumference, leaf number and maximum blade value of tobacco plants;could increase the content of pho-tosynthetic pigments in leaves, and improve their photosynthetic performance; could reduce the contents of nicotine and chloride ion in the cured tobacco leaves, and increase their potassium ion content; could enhance the yield and output value of tobacco leaves, as well as the proportion of medium and first-class tobacco leaves, and significantly increase the economic benefits of to-bacco-planting farmers.

A new high starch-type sweetpotato variety Luoshu No.11 was developed from the progenies by crossing CIP194037-1 from the International Potato Center as female parent with many male parents by the Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and Luoyang Jinguwang Seed Industry Co.,Ltd..The starch content stands out in the Provincial Regional Trials(taking the principal variety "Xushu 22" as the control) and Provincial Production Trials(taking the principal variety "Xushu 18" as the control) of Henan,in National potato north district Regional Test and Production Trials(taking the principal variety "Xushu 22" as the control).The average yield of starch and fresh yield were 6 220.1,29 258.8 kg/ha,increased by 18.38% and 0.90% compared with the check variety,respectively.The rate of starch was 21.26%,increased by 3.14 percentage points compared with the check variety.The dry starch content was 64.43%,increased by 3.77 percentage points compared with the check variety Xushu 22.The variety was resistant to stem rot,middle rootrot and stem-nematode,infected with Marssonina brunnea.The variety had strong disease resistance and wide adaptability,passed the identification of new variety by Henan province and nation in 2012 and 2016 respectively,which was a relatively ideal varieties for starch processing,and suitable for spring and summer cultivation.