目的 研究木酢消毒液及其消毒效果,为实际应用提供依据.方法 采用悬液定量杀菌试验和仪器分析法,对新型木酢消毒液的杀菌效果及其有效成分进行检测与评价.结果 该木酢消毒液以木麻黄、小叶桉和板栗3种精制木酢液为原料,其主要成分含酸类、酚类、醛类、酯类、酮类和醇类等.用体积分数25％该木酢消毒液作用2.5 min,对悬液内大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌杀灭对数值均＞5.0.用体积分数25％该木酢消毒液对染菌织物表面和物体表面自然菌杀灭对数值均＞1.0.该消毒液急性经口毒性LD5a值＞5 000 mg/(kg·bw),对完整皮肤无刺激性,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验结果为阴性.该消毒液密封包装于37℃储存3个月,其杀菌效果不下降.结论 该木酢消毒液具有良好的杀菌效果,属无毒物质,储存性能稳定.

以多肉植物'特玉莲'叶片为试材,采用鳞片扦插的方法,研究了扦插基质的种类、配比和生长调节剂的种类、浓度对芽诱导及植株缀化的影响,以期探索'特玉莲'芽诱导和缀化的最佳条件,为多肉植物规模化繁育高质量的幼苗提供参考依据.结果表明:蛭石为诱导芽和新头的最佳培养基,扦插90 d时每个叶片诱导的芽和新头分别为2.4个和2.0个,其成活率高达100％;KT和2,4-D对芽、新头和叶片的诱导没有促进作用,NAA、6-BA、IBA、IAA和GA3均能促进三者的诱导,其中20 mg·L-1 NAA浸泡20 min为最佳处理方式,每片叶诱导的芽、新头和叶片分别达到4.8个、3.2个和36.8片;诱导缀化最佳的生长调节剂组合为80 mg·L-1 NAA+800 mg·L-1 6-BA等体积混合溶液.

A highly efficient regeneration system of Anthurium andraeanum Linden was established using root segments as explants of four genotypes, Arizona, SWD, OYH, and Mississippi. The root explants were firstly incubated on callus induction media containing NH4NO3 level of 206 mg L−1 or 825 mg L−1, and the calluses were formed from both ends of the root segments after 1 mo of culture. Root-derived calluses were then transferred to shoot regeneration media with NH4NO3 level of 412 mg L−1 or 1650 mg L−1, and numbers of shoot were successfully produced from the surface of calluses after 2 mo of culture. Medium containing 206 mg L−1 NH4NO3 induced more callus compared to 825 mg L−1. In contrast, the number of shoots per callus was the same between the above two shoot regeneration media indicating that NH4NO3 level had little effect on shoot regeneration. Long-termin vitro maintenance of the callus-bearing shoot initials was possible without compromising shoot regeneration and subsequent rooting. Histological analysis showed that early cell division was initiated from the inner cortical parenchyma cells near the vascular tissue and from the vascular parenchyma cells adjacent to the xylem vessel. The primary callus mainly comprised inner parenchyma cells with scattered procambial-like cells and xylem elements and two different meristematic zones beneath epidermal layers. Transfer of callus to the regenerative medium caused meristemoid formation and subsequent shoot primordia production. Calcium oxalate crystals and tannin-like deposits were visible on the outer callus layer or within the cotyledon-like structure of shoot primordium throughout callus development. Starch grains were abundant in root explants, but disappeared in the profusely growing primary callus, and were mobilized in the shoot primordium, indicating energy requirements of these two developmental stages. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ploidy levels were maintained during in vitro cultures, including long-term regenerated plants. The inter-simple sequence repeat analysis indicated genomic DNA stability of Arizona and OYH but occasional genetic variation in primary regenerates of SWD and Mississippi.

基于社会对应用型大学园艺专业实践技能人才的迫切需求,从职业院校人才培养模式中汲取营养,探讨园艺专业核心技能的范畴.提出园艺专业人才必须掌握的十项核心技能:园艺植物的育苗技能、植物组织培养技能、园艺植物栽培和管理技能、园艺植物病虫草害的防治技能、日光温室和大棚的管理技能、日光温室的设计技能、产品采后保鲜与营销技能、花艺设计和盆景制作技能、园林设计与规划技能以及口头表达和科技论文写作技能,为培养具有一定实践经验和技能的园艺专业人才提供了保障.

This study evaluated the phytotoxicities of timentin as well as other β-lactam antibiotics on Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre by investigating their effects on callus induction, growth, shoot regeneration, and shoot rooting. At concentrations of 50–500 mg L−1, timentin had null or negligible negative effects on callus induction, proliferation, and shoot regeneration. In contrast, cefoxitin at any concentration other than 50 mg L−1, and ceftazidime, cefonicid, and ceftriaxone at all concentrations tested, prolonged the duration of callus emergence, decreased the percentage of leaves that formed callus, inhibited callus proliferation, and caused chlorosis and death of leaves. Moreover, ceftriaxone and cefonicid at all concentrations tested, and cefoxitin and ceftazidime at concentrations greater than 100 and 200 mg L−1, respectively, reduced the shoot regeneration rate significantly. Timentin, cefonicid, and ceftazidime did not inhibit shoot rooting at either 50 or 100 mg L−1. In contrast, ceftriaxone inhibited shoot rooting at 50 mg L−1. The antibacterial activity of timentin, which had the least toxicity, was tested in planta. After cultivation for 50 d, the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in leaves was completely suppressed by 300 and 500 mg L−1 timentin. The percentage of infected leaves that formed callus ranged from 40 to 48%. In summary, these results demonstrated that timentin was the least toxic among the antibiotics tested, and it is recommended that it be used in Agrobacterium tumefacien-mediated transformation of A. andraeanum.

我国现今的高等教育格局中，地方本科院校充当着输送人才的角色。高校传统人才培养方案侧重学习知识，培养的人才比较单调，缺乏多样性和实用性。并且忽视学生综合素质的培养，一些毕业生理论与实践脱节，不能满足当今社会对人才的需求。人才培养面临新的挑战，高校教育改革转型势在必行。在2014年国务院常务会议上，做出加快构建以就业为主导的现代职业教育体系的决策，这对普通本科高校向应用技术型高校转型起着无可替代的引导作用。在高等教育的重大改革进程中，部分地方本科院校转向应用技术型院校迫在眉睫。日前，我国各地区高等院校逐步探索出适合各自需要的新型人才培养模式。转型之路该如何走？应突破哪些重要环节？对当下人才培养模式优劣性的表述，对社会需求、人才发展的分析，同时也对创新型和应用型人才培养模式的可行性、科学性及其成果做了阐述，并探究构建人才分流培养的新模型。

In order to specifically express IPT gene in the endosperm of developing rice seed ,the binary vector p1300-pPG-5α-IPT-Nos was constructed,firstly,the promoter of PG-5αwas obtained by PCR amplification from rice genomic DNA(variety:9311)and p1300-pPG-5αwas constructed by inserting pPG-5αinto p1300,then the IPT-Nos fragment was obtained by cutting pSG 516 with NcoⅠ and SpeⅠ.After IPT-Nos inserted into p1300-pPG-5α, p1300-pPG-5α-IPT-Nos was constructed .pPG-5α-IPT-Nos was transformated into Oryza sativa ( subsp .japonicacv . Nipponbare ) cells by agrobacterium mediated method and regenerative seedlings were obtained .The results of PCR showed that about 81 .3%seedlings were positive .

In order to construct CHX-GFP fusion gene and expressed it in the calli of carota,fusion PCR was used because it needed not analysis restriction enzyme site of DNA fragments and took less labor and time. The plant expression vector of p1301-35S-CHX-GFP-Nos was constructed by recombinant technology. Using 1/2MS+AS 100μmol/L and MS+6-BA 0 . 5 mg/L+2 ,4-D 0 . 5 mg/L+agar 6 g/L+sucrose 30 g/L+glucose 10 g/L+AS 50μmol/L as infection and co-cultivation medium respectively the vector was transformed into the cells of calli after 4 duration co-cultivation with agro-bacterium ( EHA105 ) . The CHX-GFP was expressed transiently in the calli with frequence on average was up to 75%. These results would provide foundation for further investigation of CHX sub-cell localization and gene function.

'Gerbera' receptacle was used as explant,the effect of callus,buds and roots induction at different concentration in 6-BA and NAA were studied.The results showed that 0.8 cm receptacle callus induction rate was high but browning was low.The best callus and buds induction mediums was MS+6-BA 10 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.The best buds breeding mediums was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L.Root occurred mediums was 1/2 MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L.

Tetraploids plants of Anthurium andraeanum "Arizona" were successfully induced after treating diploid tissue masses with colchicine. Masses originating from diploid aerial roots were treated with colchicine at three different concentrations (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.3%) for about 3, 5 and 7 h, and then were transferred into Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D. After 60 days, the survival rate and numbers of regenerative shoots were scored. The high concentration and longer duration sharply reduced survival rate. In contrast, the regeneration of plantlets was not noticeably affected by colchicine. Tetraploid plants were obtained in all treatments, but the percentage of induced tetraploids ranged from 0.2 to 7.6%. The best induction was obtained with a 5-h, treatment with 0.3% colchicine. The stomatal size of tetraploid plants was larger than in diploid plants; however, the stomatal density was lower than in diploid plants. Tetraploid plants possessed stronger petioles, thicker and deeper green leaves, and thicker and longer lived spathes in comparison with diploid plants. Abnormal spathes, such as double spathes or those lacking pedicels, were observed in tetraploid plants. Tetraploid plantlets could be regenerated via aerial roots; this technique could be applied to tetraploid plant propagation.

[Objective] The aim of research was to screen the optimal medium of anther culture of srawberry Lasong No.7.[Method] The relationship between bud size and anther development was builded.With the anthers of single nuclear aside period as explants,with MS as basic medium,added different hormones and cytokinin to establish regeneration system,the effects of different hormone combinations on anther culture of strawberry were studied.[Result] Optimal sterilizing method was treating with 70% alcohol 30 s;the optimal pretreatment method was low temperature at 4 ℃ for 24 hour.The best medium for callus induction was MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L 6-BA;the best medium for shoot differentiation was MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L KT,the value-added multiplier was 3-4;the best rooting medium was 1/2 MS,the rate of rooting was 100%.[Conclusion] The excellent regeneration system of strawberry anther was obtained.

目的:筛选诱导金线莲存留茎节出芽的最佳激素及组合,利用存留茎节进行快速繁殖。方法:利用不同激素及组合不同浓度处理金线莲存留茎节,对茎节处发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均芽长等指标进行测定,筛选出最佳的快繁处理条件。结果:激素100mg/L6-BA+50mg/L IBA的混配及10mg/L TDZ处理,促进出芽的效果最好。结论:为促进金线莲存留茎节的快速繁殖奠定基础。

According to the development state of flower,the process of floral induction and blooming in Phalaenopsis was divided into four periods:pre-peduncle period,peduncle period,the bud appearing period,the blooming period.The distribution and cotransport of soluble sugar during floral induction and blooming period of Phalaenopsis was studied.The results showed that during this period,the soluble sugar content of different organs had their own regularity for change respectively.

The senescent index between four calli originated from leaves and RMBs(regeneration mass blocks) from aerial roots were compared.The results showed that the orders by the values of superoxide,the activities of SOD(superoxide dismutase) and CAT(catalase) were yellow green callus,golden callus,dark green callus,RMB and brown callus.The highest activities of GPX(glutathione peroxidase) were showed in brown callus,followed by dark green,yellow green callus,golden callus and RMB.For MDA(malondialdehyde),the highest contents were observed in golden callus,followed by brown callus,yellow green callus,dark green callus and RMB.It was demonstrated that the activities of SOD and CAT had synergistic effects in eliminating oxidative stress,and the higher activities of SOD and CAT in RMBs suggested their greater ability of eliminating oxidative stress.The enzyme activities of GPX in RMB were significantly lower than that in other calli.In other hand the activities of GPX were relatively lower in yellow green callus,the lower contents of super-oxides and MDA might be the results of higher antioxidant activities.In short rapid propagation of RMBs had advantages over that of other calli because of their higher anti-oxidant activities.

蝴蝶兰以其体态轻盈、花朵硕大、花色丰富、观赏期长等非凡特色.被人们誉为"洋兰皇后",是当今国际花坛中的名花,深受全世界各国人民的喜爱.蝴蝶兰的自然花期一般在每年的3月份前后,此时开花,其商品价值会大大降低.因此,人工调控蝴蝶兰的开花期,使之能够在春节等节假日前及时开花,从而增加蝴蝶兰的商品价值,是实现蝴蝶兰商品化生产的必然选择.

Using leaves of Phalaenopsis spp '0404' as the explants to study on the factors of inducing PLB,such as the concentration of inorganic salts,the growth regulators,the doses of coconut milk,the physical state of medium and the light conditions were studied.The results showed that the effects of TDZ and the 6-BA of cytokinin multiple used had a higher induced rate of 13.3% than TDZ used respectively.The liquid culture medium was superior to solid medium.The scattered light treatment was better than the treatment of darkness and light.The optimum medium was that 1/2MS+TDZ 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+CM 15.0%+sugar 30 g/L,pH 5.4.

从播前准备、温室管理直至采收等方面总结了节能日光温室人参果的栽培技术。

红掌别名花烛、安祖花,是天南星科花烛属多年生附生性常绿草本植物,20世纪90年代才开始进行商业规模栽培.近几年逐步引进我国,因花形奇特、花色鲜艳、花期特长和叶片优美,在我国的需求越来越大.目前我国引进的主要为盆栽红掌,盆栽红掌分株能力强,从生,花枝较多,叶色墨绿,叶枝优雅,是极具商业潜力的高档化卉.在河北和北京等地有较多塑料大棚和节能日光温室等设施从事盆栽红掌栽培.取得了显著的经济效益,每年667 m2的红掌纯利润约为6～8万元.

以东方百合西伯利亚花粉为试材,采用TTC染色法和离体培养基萌发测定法,研究其生活力的变化规律,以及培养基中糖的种类和浓度、培养温度、硼酸、钙离子等因素对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长的影响。结果表明:开花后2 d的花粉生活力最高,达89%;蔗糖培养基更有利于花粉的萌发;光照条件下25℃时萌发率最高,达70%以上;在一定浓度范围内,钙离子对花粉的萌发率影响不大,主要影响花粉萌发速度和花粉管长度;硼是花粉管萌发所必需的元素,硼酸对花粉萌发率的影响比较明显,在一定浓度范围内,随着硼酸浓度的增加花粉的萌发率下降。

The initiation and development of the bulbet of Lilium oriental 'Sorbonne' were studied by slicing up and histochemistry coloration.It was showed that the bulblet originated from 8-14th layer inner parenchyma cells near the axle of the scale.the development of bulblet could be diveded four stages according to morphogenesis changes.The saccharide was existed in meristematic tissue and vascular organization with mainly grain-like form,which was indicated that high content of saccharide could induce vascular organization,otherwise the protein was mainly distributed around nuclei duriong bulblet induction.The concentration gradient of saccharide and protein.was observed between meristematic tissue and surrounding parenchyma cells with higher saccharide and lower protein in the differentiation tissueand.