为了筛选防治小麦赤霉病的高效药剂,测定了咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、氟环唑、氰烯菌酯、丙硫菌唑、氟唑菌酰羟胺和多菌灵等7种市场主流杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌的室内毒力与田间防治效果.结果表明,7种药剂对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力均较强,其中氟唑菌酰羟胺对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力最强,EC50值仅为0.1010 mg/L;其次是氰烯菌酯、咪鲜胺和多菌灵,对小麦赤霉病菌的EC50值分别为0.3713、0.5863和0.6277 mg/L;丙硫菌唑、戊唑醇和氟环唑对小麦赤霉病菌的EC50值为1.1016～1.1059 mg/L.田间人工接种防效试验结果显示,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC和25％氰烯菌酯SC对小麦赤霉病的防效最好,显著高于其他药剂,分别为79.31％和77.74％;其次为30％丙硫菌唑OD,防效为72.28％;25％氟环唑SC防效略好于430 g/L戊唑醇SC,而450 g/L咪鲜胺EW和50％多菌灵WP防效较差.

通过室内测定8种化学药剂和拮抗细菌解淀粉芽胞杆菌WH1G对草莓炭疽病菌的毒力,将毒力最强的化学药剂与WH1G进行复配,探讨复配剂对草莓炭疽病菌的室内毒力及田间防治效果.室内生物测定结果表明,8种常见化学药剂中咪鲜胺对草莓炭疽病菌的毒力最强,其EC50为0.045 3 mg/L,在较低浓度下能有效抑制草莓炭疽病菌的生长,与生防菌有较好的生物相容性;解淀粉芽胞杆菌WH1G对草莓炭疽病菌菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用,含菌量为1.0×1010 cfu/mL时抑制率达89％;将咪鲜胺(0.045 3 mg/L)与解淀粉芽胞杆菌WH1G(2.3×106cfu/mL)复配,Ⅴ(咪鲜胺)∶Ⅴ(WH1G)配比为5∶5时对病菌抑制的增效作用和防治效果最好,毒性比率为1.432,防效为69.94％.复配剂对草莓炭疽病的田间防效达67.91％,显著高于单剂防效,且咪鲜胺使用量只有单剂使用量的1/2,表明二者复配不仅可以提高防效,还能有效减少化学药剂的使用量.

[Aims] The study aims to screen out the optimal fungicides and ratio mixed with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WH1G,meanwhile to confirm the synergistic effect and control efficacy of the mixture in the fields on strawberry gray mould.[Methods] The toxicities of 8 fungicides against strawberry gray mould were tested via the measurement of the colony diameter,plate culture method was used to determine the biocompatibility between each fungicide and WH1G.The synergistic effects of mixture and the compound scheme were determined by Horsfall method,and confirmed through field trials.[Results] The toxicity of fluazinam is the strongest among the 8 fungicides,and fluazinam showed a favorable biocompatibility with WH1G.By combining 0.0454 mg/L fluazinam with 8.8126 ×106 cfu/mL WH1G fermentation broth under the volume ratio of 4∶6,the toxicity ratio was 1.412,the control efficacy was 69.79％ in the field against strawberry gray mould,which exhibited additive effects.[Conclusions] Fluazinam can be combined with WH1G to control strawberry gray mould,the compound not only can reduce the usage of chemicals,but also promote the biocontrol efficacy under the volume ratio of 4:6.

Objective] To research the parasitic fitness of rice Ustilaginoidea virens in Anhui Province.[Method] A total of 24 strains were ran-domly isolated from 15 rice planting counties (cities) in Anhui Province.The method of artificial inoculation injection induced disease was used to determine the pathogenicity of U.virens in four rice varieties.[Result] After different strains were inoculated to different rice varieties, there were significant differences in diseased ears rate of U.virens, the average rate of diseased grains, and the maximum rate of diseased grains. Strain and variety had significant interaction.[ Conclusion] The research result provides references for the prevention and control of U.virens.

[目的]测定并评价5种生防药剂对草莓白粉病的防治效果,优选草莓白粉病生防药剂.[方法]以百菌清为对照药剂,于2014年在安徽省长丰县草莓种植基地研究5种生防药剂(枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡质芽孢杆菌和井冈·枯芽菌)对草莓白粉病的防治效果.[结果]供试的5种生防药剂对草莓白粉病均有较好的防治效果,持效性好.[结论]供试的5种生防药剂在草莓生产中可替代化学药剂防治草莓白粉病,降低化学农药使用量和草莓产品农药残留风险.

采用平板对峙法,从安徽水稻根际土壤样品中筛选对稻瘟病菌具有较强抑菌活性的拮抗细菌通过菌落形态观察、生理生化特征、gyrB基因序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,测定抑菌谱,对其抑菌机制进行初步研究.结果表明,拮抗菌株WH1G对稻瘟病菌具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率这91.79％,经鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amylolique aciens).该菌可产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶,不产生几丁质酶和(B)1,3-葡聚糖酶;用代谢产物无菌滤液处理稻瘟病菌,可造成孢子萌发率降低,菌丝扭曲异常、分支明显减少并产生大量泡囊.该菌对常见的20种植物病原真菌及细菌均具有不同程度的拮抗作用,表现出广谱抗菌活性.

为明确安徽水稻主栽区稻曲病菌群体遗传结构、致病力及相互对应关系,从安徽28个水稻种植县(市)采集并分离稻曲病菌92株, 利用REP-PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR)进行菌株遗传多样性分析并采用人工注射接种测定致病力.结果表明,安徽稻区稻曲病菌群体遗传多样性丰富,在0.76相似性水平上可分为7个族,分属于不同族的24个菌株致病力差异显著,但与地域来源与该试验采用相关方法进行的归类或分簇无对应关系,菌株致病力与水稻品种表现出明显的特异性.

[Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the Fusarium oxysporurn SchL f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of different cultures and different nutrients on the mycelial growth and conidial production of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp were studied. [Result] The mycelial growth and conidial pro- duction of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp was different under different culture con- ditions. PDA medium was the most suitable medium for the mycelial growth and had the highest conidial production; and the mycelial grew the fastest on the medium with maltose as carbon source or peptone as nitrogen source, which also had the highest conidial production. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the study of Fusarium oxysporum SchL f. sp and also provided theoretical basis for the study and control of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.

[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.

[Objective] The effect and safety of 36% multi-ketone SC against wheat scab were further studied in our paper.[Method] The field demonstration of 36% multi-ketone SC against wheat scab was carried out in Fengyang County in Anhui Province during 2009-2010,with five treatments,and the significance analysis on control effect was carried out.[Result] The control effect of 36% multi-ketone SC with the amount of 1 800-2 100 g/hm2 was better than that of 50% carbendazim WP,and the control effect of diseased panicle rate and synthetic disease index reached above 75%.[Conclusion] 36% multi-ketone SC was the first choice to control wheat scab,replacing highly effective pesticide.

对25%丙环唑乳油、12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂、50%粉唑醇可湿性粉剂、25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂等4种药剂进行了防治小麦锈病的田间试验.结果表明,在常规用药量情况下,以丙环唑、氟环唑、粉唑醇防治效果最好,三唑酮也表现出了较好的效果.

以水稻稻曲病为供试菌株,进行了井冈霉素和氧化亚铜不同配比对水稻稻曲病的毒力测定和田间试验.室内生测结果表明,井冈霉素和氧化亚铜之比为1:5时,EC50为1.375 3 μg/ml,SR值为1.515 3,表现为增效作用;以此比例研制成复配制剂A,进行田间药效试验.结果表明,复配制剂A防效明显高于其各自单剂的防效,其750 g/hm2用量,病穗防效达95.1%,病指防效达92.7%,且对水稻安全.