and selenate MA Shan-shan1,2,3,4, ZHAO Guang-hui1,2, CHANG Wen-yue1,2*, LIU Zhi1,2, ZHANG Yi-ran1,2, CHEN Hong-xing5, XIE Ling-tian5 (1. Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang 110167, China; 2. Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Urban Ecology, Shenyang 110167, China; 3.Key Laboratory of Clean Combustion for Electricity Generation and Heat-supply Technology of Liaoning Prov⁃ ince, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China; 4. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 5.The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Nor⁃ mal University, Guangzhou 510006, China) Abstract:This study aimed to explore the effects of Se(IV)and Se(VI)exposure on the antioxidant system and Se accumulation in ze⁃ brafish(Danio rerio)tissues. The study organisms were divided into three groups, i.e., control group, Se(IV)-exposed group(500 μg·L-1), and Se(VI)-exposed group(5000 μg·L-1). The Se accumulation, catalase(CAT), total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were determined in the brain, gill, liver, intestine, and muscle tissues of zebrafish after exposure to both Se species for 28 days. The results showed different extents of Se accumulation in fish tissues from the Se-exposed groups compared with the control treatment. The ac⁃ cumulation of Se in the liver was the highest. CAT activity in the intestine, T-AOC activity in the gills and intestine, and Na+/K+-ATPase ac⁃ tivity in the gills and liver tissues were significantly decreased. As compared with the Se(VI)treatment, Se accumulation in the liver and gill tissues of fish was significantly elevated in the Se(IV)treatment. CAT activity in the liver was significantly decreased 13%. However,

[Objective]The aim was to assess the status of heavy metal pollution of Hunhe River and its ecological health impact on aquatic or-ganisms.[Method]The content of heavy metal elements like Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn and Zn was determined.The model organism zebrafish were exposed to Hunhe River for 90 days,and the accumulation of heavy metal and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase (CAT),glutathione(GSH),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),lipid peroxidation(MDA)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE),total antioxidant ca-pacity(T-AOC)and Na +/K +-ATPase activity were determined in the brain,gill,liver,intestine and muscle tissue of zebrafish.[Result]The heavy metal elements in the Hunhe River were in line with the national standards ofⅡlevel,but compared with control group,the concentration of Cu,Fe,Mn,zinc element was increased by 42.9%,217.2%,77.8% and 96.2%,respectively.Different accumulation degrees in the brain,gill, liver,intestine and muscle tissues of zebrafish under the stress of Hunhe River,and the highest accumulation was in liver tissue.At the same time, the increasing rate of SOD and CAT in liver tissue was 109.1% and 32.0%,respectively,while T-AOC was decreased significantly at the rate of 28.5%,indicating that the antioxidant capacity of liver tissue decreased.MDA was significantly increased at the rate of 59.2%in gill tissue,indi-cating that heavy metal in water induced lipid peroxidation and induced oxidative damage in gill tissues of zebrafish.[Conclusion]The results show that liver and gill tissues of zebrafish were sensitive,and SOD,CAT,T-AOC and MDA can be used as sensitive biomarkers for toxicological research,and early warning of integrated toxicity of water.

为给卧龙湖国家良好湖泊生态环境保护试点工作提供决策依据,该文对卧龙湖沉积物中Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Zn 5种重金属的污染状况及其时空变化特征进行了评价分析.结果表明:卧龙湖沉积物中重金属元素含量已受到人类活动干扰,总体呈偏中度污染,5种重金属污染的顺序为Cd>Cu>As>Zn>Pb,geo值差异极显著(<0.01).Cu、As、Pb 3种重金属在来源、运输、沉降、富集等方面有着十分相似的地球化学行为,污染趋势呈现从沿岸带向湖心加重趋势;Cd污染的空间分布呈现从西南、东北沿岸向湖心梯度降低趋势,Cd在卧龙湖沉积物中的富集有着较独立的形成因素,污染可能与西马莲河河水的注入及康平镇污水处理厂中的水排放有关;Zn污染的空间趋势是从北向南逐渐加重,污染原因有待于进一步研究.

为给卧龙湖国家良好湖泊生态环境保护试点工作提供决策依据,对卧龙湖的富营养化程度及其时空变化特征进行了评价分析.通过对卧龙湖2014年春夏秋季共53个采样点的调查监测和统计分析(单因素方差分析和克立格插值预测)得出:卧龙湖综合营养状态为中度富营养,季节差异有统计学意义(<0.01),值夏季>秋季>春季,农业面源产生的氮磷污染可能是造成卧龙湖夏秋季节水质富营养程度加剧的首要原因;卧龙湖各季节富营养化程度呈现从沿岸向湖心梯度降低的趋势,进一步说明流域农业面源污染是卧龙湖富营养化的主要驱动因素之一.

In this paper, the zooplankton community and various water environment factors of Wolong Lake were monitored from May to October, 2014 and their relationships were identified, aiming at providing basis for ecological protection of Wolong Lake (a good example of eco-environmental protection of national lakes). The results showed that zooplankton abundance of Wolong Lake was high 3with an average value of 128.2×10 ind/L, and the abundance was significantly different across four seasons (P<0.05), with average 333values of 196.2×10 ind/L, 154.0×10ind/L, and 25.1×10ind/L for summer, spring, and autumn respectively. The results from "Kriging Interpolation" analysis indicated that in different seasons, there was a high spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton distributed in the study area. In spring, the zooplankton abundance decreased from the lakeside zone to the middle of the lake and the main gathering area of zooplankton was located in the south of Wolong Lake, while in summer and autumn, the area with high zooplankton abundance was shifted to the northeast region of the lake. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that distribution of the zooplankton was mainly affected by such factors as temperature, turbidity, nutrients and pollutants. Moreover, it was found that the reason why the zone with high zooplankton abundance shifting to the northeast of Wolong Lake occurred in summer and autumn might be related to the abouchement of Northern Channel happening in the northeast of the lake.

根据2014年春夏秋季共30个样地的调查结果,记录到卧龙湖湖岸带植物27种,分属16科25属,为单一草本植物,季相明显,优势种为菖蒲、芦苇、青绿苔草、矮蒿、浮毛茛、野大豆等.单因素方差分析显示卧龙湖各季节湖岸带植物丰度差异不显著(P=0.639>0.05),研究期间湖岸带植物丰度均值1808.9株/样方,各样方丰度空间变异性较低.卧龙湖湖岸带植物Margalef丰富度指数(5.33)较低,Pielou均匀度指数(0.72)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.71)较高,说明植物种群分布相对均匀,生态优势度低.卧龙湖天然湖岸带受损,生境异质性下降,湖岸带植物种类较少、丰度较低,植物分布虽然相对均匀,但分布片段化、狭窄,原有的生态功能衰退,污染物转化和拦截功能降低.

In this paper, emergy theory was used to evaluate the annual average emergy input of Wolong Lake wetland for years and its ecological service value. The structure and functions of the ecological system of Wolong Lake wetland and the internal and external material and energy flow characters of the system were analyzed. The results showed that the average emergy input of Wolong Lake wetland was 4.94×10 sej/a, including 1.75×10 sej/a of natural resource emergy input and 3.60×10 sej/a of economic feedback emergy input. Emergy investment ratio and emergy self-support ratio was 2.06 and 0.27 respectively, and environment loading ratio was higher. Additionally, the ecological system of Wolong Lake wetland could provide higher ecosystem service value, especially in terms of transpiration function which was 2.69 million US dollars per hectare annually and much higher than the other wetlands. Analysis of the research results indicated that regional economic development was highly dependent on Wolong Lake wetland. However, at present, the environment loading ratio of the studied wetland is quite higher, so strengthening of protection and restoration of Wolong Lake wetland is of greatsignificanceforpromotionofthesustainabilityofregionaleconomicdevelopment.

沈阳市城市重心南移，浑南新城将成为沈阳市行政、科技、文化中心，作为一座新兴城区，其人口数量和城市规模都在急剧扩大，由此也引发了一系列的生态环境问题，使原本就具有依赖性的城市生态系统更加脆弱，本研究将对沈阳市浑南新城城市生态系统所遇到的问题进行分析，并提出解决对策，以供参考。

用赤子爱胜蚓直接处理满堂河污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥,研究了蚯蚓处理对污泥理化性质(pH、EC、综合毒性)、重金属浓度、矿物油浓度以及微观结构上的变化.结果表明:污泥的pH值从7.7～7.9降至7.2～7.3;EC由278～300μs/cm增至2022～2236 μ s/cm;综合毒性发光抑制率从98％～99％降至56％～64％;矿物油浓度从1640 mg/kg降至1310 mg/kg;污泥中的重金属浓度不同程度的降低;与未添加蚯蚓的污泥相比,蚯蚓粪的粒径更低、结构更松散,呈疏松的粒状结构.

Different concentrations of Chromium( Ⅵ) contaminated soil were used to conduct experimental study on biological reduction antidote,the results of the preliminary experimental study showed that,the extraction toxicity was lower than the regulation values of the identification standard for hazardous wastes after applying biological reduction antidote for 240 days;after applying biological reduction antidote for 60 days,the concentration of Chromium(VI) in extract complied with the national environmental quality standards for surface water V-grade standard.That is to say that treating Chromium contaminated soil by microbial method is feasible.

Chromium(Ⅵ) indigenous reducing bacteria were screened using solid culture in which potassium dichromate was added as test material.16 chromium(Ⅵ) indigenous reducing bacteria stains were screened out and Z2(35.2%),Z3(45.2%),Z4(38.6%),X8(30.4%),X10(29.4%) for their relatively high chromium(Ⅵ) reduction rate were picked out as chromium(Ⅵ) reduction advantages strains.Slide culture method,Gram staining,flagella staining,spore staining were used for reducing bacteria primary identification.Primary identification results are as follows:indigenous fungus Z2 is classified as Aspergillus niger;Z3 and Z4 are Fusarium sp.,indigenous bacteria X8,X10 are Bacillus sp.Experimental methods and results in this paper can provide technical support for popularization and application of microbial technology on chromium(Ⅵ) pollution control.

According to the biological characteristics of photosynthetic bacteria,two stage fluidized bed with photosynthetic bacteria for high concentration organic wastewater treatment was adopted to explore the new treatment method of livestock and poultry manure water.The test results show that: after about seven days continuous processing,under the condition of COD not higher than 10 000 mg/L,with enough light intensity and temperature,the removal rate of COD,TN,NH3-N and NO3--N are respectively 88.25%,69.73%,94.20% and 70.47%.Meanwhile,through the effect of photosynthesis bacteria,beneficial microbial multiply and the growth of harmful microorganisms inhibited in the organic wastewater.

通过对典型铬渣堆存场地铬（Ⅵ）迁移路径分析,说明对含铬（Ⅵ）废物/土壤的处置/修复,阻止铬（Ⅵ）进一步扩散迁移已成为保护地下水资源的当务之急。在实验中初步筛选出高羊茅、芦苇、马特、蓖麻4种耐铬植物,其生长发育受铬（Ⅵ）影响较小,且与微生物协同作用还可有效还原土壤中铬（Ⅵ）,为控制铬（Ⅵ）污染场地土壤、地下水污染与大气扬尘污染开辟了一条新途径。

Using indigenous microorganism screened out from Chromium(Ⅵ) contaminated soil,different carriers are chosen to make solid-state microbial agent.The experiment results show that the agent is practical when the proportion of rice hull,wheat bran and rice chaff is 5:2:2.The certain agent is applied to treat the contaminated soil that the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of leachate is from 25.3 to 342.1 mg/L.The results indicate that the Cr(Ⅵ) reduction rate can attain 95% after 120 days and the Cr(Ⅵ) concentration in the leachate can reach the identification standards for hazardous wastes.The experiments prove that the reduction agent made by the chose carriers is efficient for biological remediation project of Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated soil.

湿地植物在人工湿地污水处理系统中起着关键性作用。阐述了北方地区人工湿地植物筛选的原则,包括抗冻与生态适应能力、耐污与去污能力、植物的生理特性、经济价值和景观效果,以及生态安全性。人工湿地选择植物时还要重视合理配置,根据植物的去污特点、群落特性、植物对养分的需求类型、景观美学价值来进行科学配置,这样既提高人工湿地的处理效率,又能营造优美的湿地景观。

本研究从长期受石油污染的土壤中筛选了土著嗜油菌,通过盆栽实验研究了土著菌对石油的降解效果,并探讨了化肥、沼渣对微生物活性的影响及施用菌液、营养液对降解效果的影响.