采用实地观察法、文献调查法对沈阳市农村生活污水处理设施基本状况进行研究分析.结果 显示:沈阳市已建成农村生活污水处理设施297处,有机废弃物产生量(干重)约为:剩余污泥637t/a、湿地植物废弃物169讹.

从污泥的产生源头开始加以控制,做到污泥的减量化、稳定化、无害化、资源化是污泥处理处置的发展趋势.减量化作为污泥处理处置的首要环节,不仅决定污泥处理处置的环境效益,还直接影响污水处理厂整体运行成本.本文根据沈阳市农村地区现有的污水处理设施的工艺类型出发,从源头着手,提出了污泥减量化技术途径.

我国正在经历城镇化发展过程,形成了中小流域不同河段的自然形态和污染特征.文章以白塔堡河为研究对象,通过梳理重点污染源及污染物分布特征,分析诊断农村段、城镇段和城市段河道所存在的问题.结果认为,退耕封育和物理隔离可有效控制农业面源和畜禽养殖污染,是农村河段短期内实现生态保护目标的重要方式.城镇河段的治理重点在于消除住宅小区的生活污水直排现象,严格控制非法排污口可明显河道水质.城市河段必须确保污水厂正常运行并尽量实现雨污分流,同时应强化生态修复以丰富生物多样性并构建优美的水景观.

以典型人工湿地植物芦苇,作为研究对象,通过直接碳化、KO H活化和CO2活化等方式制备高吸附性能的芦苇基生物炭材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、BET比表面积、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等表征方法分析了生物炭材料的表面、孔隙等物理化学特征 .活化后的生物炭内部结构疏松、多孔,KO H活化碳材料的BET比表面积最高达965·31 m2·g -1(650-K) ,而CO2活化碳材料最高达到1 038·19 m2·g -1(900-C) ,与碳化材料相比,分别提高了231·05倍和248·56倍,活化效果非常显著 .利用制备的芦苇基生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝污染物(MB) ,650-K和900-C的吸附容量分别高达595·79和443·83 mg·g -1,相比于碳化的生物炭,分别提高了139·47和91·08倍,650-K对于MB的去除率高达99·29% ,吸附效果显著提高 .与传统的湿地植物废弃物处置方式相比,本研究中制备生物炭材料技术具有一定的经济效益、环境效益和良好的应用前景 .

In this paper, Shenyang city was taken as an example. The carrying capacity of livestock-breeding environment under the conditions of the natural state and the treatment of some fecal matter was analyzed and forecasted by application of the grey prediction model in a systematic analysis method. The results showed that the grey prediction model could be applied into the research prediction, decision-making and control of the carrying capacity of livestock-breeding environment with much higher precision. Then, the carrying capacity of livestock-breeding environment at district-level and municipal-level in Shenyang was analyzed and predicted and relevant local carrying capacity was calculated out, providing reference for more scientific spatial layout design of livestock-breeding. According to the results, the treatment rate of animal excrement was improved; the ecological pressure was effectively reduced; and age limit of the carrying capacity of livestock-breeding environment reaching to the security line was postponed.

Wastewater discharged from the agricultural and sideline products processing park caused water environmental pollution of Pu River basin and seriously influenced the sustainable development of the park. Use of the management means to fulfill the total pollutant emission reduction targets was the key to ensure the sustainable development of the park. Management system of the agricultural and sideline products processing park was mainly composed of administration, enterprise, comprehensive sewage treatment plant and social public and there were relations of marketing, supervision, regulation, etc. between the constituent elements. Therefore, the park couldn't leave the efficiency of the constituent elements to achieve the goals of its water pollution control system.

本文分析了农村生活污水处理设施长效运行所存在问题,依据现行的主要评价模式,构造评价体系结构及判断矩阵,应用层次分析法将定性分析和定量分析相结合,计算层次单排序权重和层次总排序权重,得出各因素对农村生活污水处理设施长效运行的影响程度,为今后科学合理的对农村污水处理设施长效运行管理提供依据.

Pilot scale constructed wetlands were built in the estuarine wetland of Huishan Channel in Shenyang City for the treatment of food processing water.The purification of chemical oxygen demand (COD),ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) was studied,and results indicated that the removal efficiency of COD,NH3-N,TN and TP attained 39.69％,51.23％,35.80％,48.80％ and 45.56％,80.96％,57.30％,80.24％ respectively as to VSF and HVC for treated eutrophic water.Integrated constructed wetland has appropriate dissolved oxygen and temperature environment for microbial survival,and the decomposition and absorption processes of organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus are complete.However,it is needed to control the pollutant's concentration of inflow in the integrated constructed wetland since the wastewater with high concentration pollutants would has negative effects on wetland plants growth and microbial environment.

采用砂滤、活性炭吸附和反渗透组合工艺深度处理乳制品加工废水.深度处理后出水指标CODcr、TP和硬度分别达到10、1 mg以下和20 mg/L以下,经反渗透组合工艺深度处理后的乳制品加工废水可以达到锅炉补水,冷却循环水等水质要求.

用赤子爱胜蚓直接处理满堂河污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥,研究了蚯蚓处理对污泥理化性质(pH、EC、综合毒性)、重金属浓度、矿物油浓度以及微观结构上的变化.结果表明:污泥的pH值从7.7～7.9降至7.2～7.3;EC由278～300μs/cm增至2022～2236 μ s/cm;综合毒性发光抑制率从98％～99％降至56％～64％;矿物油浓度从1640 mg/kg降至1310 mg/kg;污泥中的重金属浓度不同程度的降低;与未添加蚯蚓的污泥相比,蚯蚓粪的粒径更低、结构更松散,呈疏松的粒状结构.

用赤子爱胜蚓直接处理农村生活污水处理厂产生的剩余污泥.首先,研究了污泥的减量化效果与蚯蚓生物量的变化规律:其次,设计不同的蚯蚓密度条件,研究了蚯蚓处理对污泥理化性质(pH、EC、综合毒性)、重金属以及微观结构上的变化.结果表明:蚯蚓处理污泥的减量化效果显著,达到30％以上,而蚯蚓的重量表现出先涨后降的规律;接种蚯蚓的污泥理化性质、重金属浓度以及微观结构均有显著的变化,污泥的pH值从7.8～7.9降至6.8～7.1; EC由430～450μs/cm增至1857～2136μs/cm;综合毒性抑制率从99％～ 100％降至30％～36％;降低了污泥中的重金属含量,其中Zn、Pb的浓度降低了30％以上;蚯蚓处理对污泥中苯并(a)芘也有去除的作用;与未处理的污泥相比,蚯蚓粪的拉径更低、结构更松散,呈疏松的拉状结构.

In view of the outstanding pollution problem caused by domestic sewage from scenic spot and holiday villages, based on thedischarge characteristics and combining with work experience, mini-type sewage treatment facilities was analyzed, which is suitable fortourist catering sewage treatment,the process and characters are introduced; the application prospect of the mini-type facilities wasanalyzed and rationalization proposal was given.

In this paper,it describes the character of the sewage drains from livestock and poultry farm,and puts forward its treatment countermeasures.It also describes some merits of wastewater eco-treatment in different constructed wetland system,and analyzes the feasibility of constructed wetland on the resource utilization for livestock and poultry farm wastewater.

The function of floobed as pretreatment in constructed wetland wastewater treating system is set forth in this paper.It is shown that the strongpoints of floobed are high treating efficiency,stable effluent quality,strong capability of shockproof,easy to adjust the process and suitable for pretreatment in constructed wetland system.