选取甲烷排放通量较高并且受喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)污染较严重的白洋淀湿地为研究对象,通过开展13C标记的微宇宙实验,研究典型QNs包括:氧氟沙星(OFL)、诺氟沙星(NOR)和氟甲喹(FLU)对白洋淀湿地DAMO过程的短期影响.结果表明:3种QNs均促进了微生物DAMO过程,且对DAMO的促进效果表现为OFL＞NOR＞FLU;除添加2ng/g的OFL对DAMO反应速率潜势的影响基本可以忽略外,添加其他浓度(20,200,2000ng/g)的OFL均促进了白洋淀湿地的DAMO过程,并且这种促进作用总体呈现出剂量效应;进一步分析QNs对NO2,NO3分别驱动的DAMO的影响发现,200ng/g的NOR抑制了由细菌驱动的以NO2-为电子受体的DAMO过程(nitrite-DAMO),但更大程度地促进了由古菌驱动的以NO3-为电子受体的DAMO过程(nitrate-DAMO),最终表现为QNs对NO3-和NO2-共同驱动的总体的DAMO过程的促进作用.

海绵城市是针对城市建设中解决城市雨洪问题提出的生态理念,其本质是通过渗、蓄、净、排等手段解决城市水资源问题的综合治理.本研究从环境地质条件出发,考虑海绵城市建设中地质体的海绵属性,开展研究区原位双环渗水试验和工程钻孔,针对原始海绵地质条件的降雨入渗最大深度和地表土体渗水速度进行分析,提出海绵渗水、海绵蓄水两个指标.该指标可有效表示及概括海绵城市建设中环境地质适宜性,易得易懂,具有较强的普适性,易于推广.最后以中国中部城市新乡市为例,进行海绵城市建设环境地质适宜性评价.

Objectives: The rock—soil strata constitute the basic material environment of the underground space and have a huge impact on the development and utilization of the underground space. Therefore, in-depth understanding and analysis of the structural characteristics of the rock—soil strata can lay a solid foundation for the development of the underground space.Methods: The urban area of Zhengzhou mainly distributes loose strata such as silt, silty clay, clay, silty sand, medium—coarse sand, and some special soils such as soft soil and collapsible loess. According to the vertical combination of rock and soil strata, it is divided into single-layer structure, double-layer structure, triple-layer structure and multiple-layer structure. Then, the stratigraphic structure of the underground space in Zhengzhou urban area is discussed separately according to the shallow layer（0～-15 m）, the sub-shallow layer（-15～-30 m） and the sub-deep layer（-30～-50 m）.Results: The shallow（0～-15 m） underground space stratigraphic structure in Zhengzhou City is divided into 3 regions, 6 sub-regions and 25 structural sections; the sub-shallow（-15 ～-30 m） underground space stratigraphic structure is divided into 2 regions and 28 sub-regions; the sub-deep（-15 ～-30 m） underground space stratigraphic structure is divided into 2 regions and 31 sub-regions. It provides accurate geological data and technical support for the development and utilization of underground space in Zhengzhou city.Conclusions: The overall structure of the underground space in Zhengzhou is relatively simple, the cost and risk of development are low, and it has great potential for development and utilization. Overall, the western piedmont alluvial and diluvial plain area is more suitable for underground space development and utilization than the eastern Yellow River alluvial plain area.Based on the stratigraphic structure characteristics of different urban areas, the following suggestions for the development and utilization of underground space are put forward: focus on the development and construction of underground storage and underground energy production facilities in the western new urban area; build underground water storage pipe gallery and deep drainage in the main urban area; north of the Lianhuo Expressway in the eastern new urban area as an avoidance area for underground space development; the Aviation city focuses on the construction of underground storage, modern logistics channels and other facilities. And the influence of stratigraphic structure on the construction of sponge city and road collapse in Zhengzhou is discussed.

城市建筑基础占用了大量的地下空间资源,这部分空间资源的三维分布信息对城市地下空间利用规划必不可少.但这方面的信息往往分散在各个工程建设机构中,不易获取.为解决建筑基础占用地下空间信息难以获取的问题,需探索出一种高效准确的探测技术.通过参考建筑地基基础计算方法,研究出一种建筑地基基础占用空间的测算方法:采用高分辨率遥感信息探测获取地面建筑相关参数,收集分析工程地质勘察资料获取相关岩土参数;将遥感探测、工程勘察获取的参数与建筑基础占用空间的测算方法结合,形成了一套用于测算建筑地基基础占用空间的遥感解译-地质工程相结合的探测技术.在郑州航空港区应用结果表明,该技术操作方便、高效快捷、探测结果准确,能够满足地下空间利用规划需要,有广阔的推广应用前景.

海绵城市规划建设过程中,自然及地质背景条件对低影响开发设施的布设具有重要影响.针对郑州市的1945 km2海绵城市规划区,根据海绵城市建设要达到的蓄水、渗水、净水等功能,分析地表植被、地形坡度、包气带及含水层等海绵特性,构建了基于海绵城市建设的地质适宜性评价体系,并用层次分析法进行评价,结果表明:郑州市海绵城市建设地质适宜性好的区域面积占规划区的3.83％,适宜性较好区域占33.12％,适宜性中等区域占54.05％,适宜性差区域占9.00％;郑州市规划的12个海绵城市重点建设区,有2个覆盖不适宜建设区,分布在龙湖片区西北部和双鹤湖片区;航空港区有建设海绵城市的天然条件,建议在东湖节点周围规划海绵重点建设区.海绵城市建设的地质适宜性评价结果对郑州市海绵城市规划建设有参考意义.

兴蒙造山带中部二叠纪火山岩分布广泛,主要岩性为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及火山碎屑岩等,记录了兴蒙造山带晚古生代的构造演化.本文在内蒙古东部林东一带识别出一组新的高镁安山岩,对其开展了地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究,以探讨其岩石成因和地质意义.该高镁安山岩呈灰黑色—灰色,斑状结构,气孔-杏仁构造,斑晶矿物组合主要为斜长石(15％～20％),斜方辉石(5％～10％),单斜辉石(5％)和角闪石(5％),基质中有较多磁铁矿和钛铁矿等,指示富水、氧化的岩浆特点.锆石U-Pb年龄为253±1～255±1 Ma(2σ),εHf(t)=+7.8～+14.3,全岩SiO2含量52.3％～56.5％,具高的MgO(7.2％～12.7％),Cr(264×10-6～382×10-6),Ni(168×10-6～407×10-6),Ba(318×10-6～1130×10-6)和Sr(288×10-6～906×10-6)含量,Mg#为60.0～77.2,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70348～0.70454,εNd(t)=+3.79～+7.57,与赞岐型(sanukite)高镁安山岩地球化学特征相似,揭示其岩浆起源于俯冲交代的地幔;同时,全岩所具有的高La/Sm比值(1.68～8.67),指示可能有沉积组分的贡献.我们解释这些高镁安山岩的形成与俯冲的沉积物析出富水流体交代岩石圈地幔的部分熔融有关.此外,与高镁安山岩伴生的玄武岩具有典型的岛弧火山岩特征.因此,我们认为林东高镁安山岩及其伴生的玄武岩形成于岛弧环境,并与古亚洲洋向北俯冲有关,为古亚洲洋最终闭合提供了年代学和岩石学约束.

以往,国内外提出的关于岩溶地下水污染风险评价方法与防控措施,都是基于地下水脆弱性评价的理论方法,是在对岩溶地区进行流域范围内大面积的脆弱性评价基础上,进行岩溶水污染危险性分区,然后以危险性分区为依据,提出岩溶水污染风险防控措施.这种风险评价与防控方法,是针对大区域大范围的岩溶水的.评价出的结果或提出的防控措施,对于具体的岩溶水源地针对性差.本文针对中国南方岩溶地区降雨时期集中、水循环快、分布不均、易受污染等特点,综合考虑水源地(污染目标)、污染源、污染途径、污染造成的损失值等因素,首次提出了岩溶水污染风险的"源-径-标-值"(SPTV)评价方法,从控制污染源、切断污染途径、保护岩溶水源等角度提出污染防控措施,针对性、可操作性都很强,克服了已有方法的缺点,具有较好的推广应用前景.

论文以华北平原某垃圾场为例,选取低环萘(2环)和高环苯并[ghi]苝(6环)即迁移能力最强与最弱的两类多环芳烃的代表性物质为研究对象,采用0.01mol/LCaCl2溶液与垃圾渗滤液两种背景溶液,通过试验分析黏性土对多环芳烃吸附动力学、等温吸附性,揭示出垃圾渗滤液中多环芳烃在包气带黏性土中吸附规律和机理,这一研究对探讨黏性土吸附垃圾中多环芳烃的阻隔规律和地下水污染防治具有重要意义.

第四系松散地层对工程建设、城市发展等影响较大,一些地区的沉积环境较复杂,给划分了解其地层层序变化带来很大困难.借助有限测年资料等,仅能反映样点附近情况,且费用很高.以郑州航空港北部一带为例,在深入分析其地质调查资料并结合对周边地质环境的成熟认知,以及现有关于第四纪时代划分与冷、暖气候变化认识等基础上,改进了一套由一系列关键划定步骤接续组成的,以侧重反映地层成因、岩性特征、沉积旋回变化,并含括地质构造运动、气候变化、地层年代信息等内容的地层层序划定方法,解决了上述难题.新方法划定结果符合区域地质环境的演进特征.一些特征明显的地层可在认识成熟的周边地区或地层组中找到印证,连同其他重要地质信息,可基本控制满足地层划分对地质年代的精度要求.

开展新型城镇化规划建设工作,需要以1:5万综合工程地质图为基础.目前,1:5万综合工程地质图尚未形成统一的编图技术标准,无法满足工程地质编图的需要.通过总结国内外工程地质编图的理论和方法,结合"中原城市群北部城镇规划区1:5万工程地质调查与编图"工作,以焦作市幅为例,编制了1:5万综合工程地质图,探讨了1:5万综合工程地质图编制方法,并对编图目的、主题表达、工程地质分区、工程地质层划分和图面配置提出新见解.1:5万综合工程地质图表达的主题为工程地质综合特征,工程地质分区是该主题的具体反映;依据宏观工程地质条件,分别以地形地貌、地层岩性(工程地质层)、岩土体结构或变形强度、地壳稳定性或活动断裂(地震)、不良地质现象或地质灾害等特征差异性进行工程地质分区;以工程地质层作为基本的制图单元,依据《GB/T 50218—2014工程岩体分级标准》进行工程地质层划分,图面尽可能反映工程地质特征要素,包括(但不限于)每个工程地质钻孔柱状图、水文地质要素、内外动力地质现象和重大工程地质问题;综合工程地质图由主体平面图、镶图、剖面图、钻孔综合柱状图、工程地质特征说明表及图例组成,图、表或图例配置要科学合理.

针对我国因城市化而日益出现的一系列城市水问题,为更有效、更具有针对性地进行海绵城市建设,综合国内外海绵城市建设指标评价方法,从环境地质角度出发考虑城市“海绵体”雨水环境承载力的地质属性,基于大量实际钻孔及原位渗水试验提取城市“海绵体”的环境地质参数.通过研究海绵城市建设中海绵能力和环境地质参数的内在关系,提出针对原始海绵地质条件的海绵渗水、海绵蓄水和海绵城市水容量三个海绵能力指标,建立海绵城市建设地质环境指标评价体系和方法,最后以中国中部城市焦作市为例进行海绵城市建设环境地质适宜性评价.结果表明:(1)海绵渗水、海绵蓄水和海绵城市水容量三个海绵能力指标可有效表示海绵城市建设环境地质适宜性能力的优劣,指标值大于1表示该城市“海绵体”环境地质能力足以解决最大降雨带来的城市水问题;(2)焦作市研究区整体来说渗水能力较差,降雨条件下会导致地面产生地表径流,而城市“海绵体”蓄水能力及城市水容量较好,可容纳最大降雨条件下产生的地表渗水及渗水能力不足而产生的积水,不会发生城市洪涝灾害.同时,结合研究区实际情况对比进行分析评价,给出海绵城市建设的详细建议.研究成果可为中原城市群海绵城市建设、城市雨水管理规划设计提供思路及参考.

为研究焦作地区长期交通荷载作用下典型饱和粉质黏土变形特性,利用动三轴试验方法对原状粉质黏土进行单样逐级和多样恒定幅值动力加载试验,从应变-振动次数变化曲线、动应力-应变滞回曲线2个方面重点分析了动应力、围压、固结方式以及振动频率对土体变形的影响.结果 表明:焦作地区典型粉质黏土动应变随振动次数变化模式主要分为稳定型和破坏型,很少出现临界型;单样逐级加载会使土体强度增大,结构产生破坏所需的动应力幅值升高,平行多样恒定幅值加载中试样破坏前后可能存在一个明显的临界动应力值,动应力超过临界值后,试样变形急剧增长,低振动次数内便产生破坏;围压、固结比增大都会使土体强度升高,产生的可恢复弹性变形减小;振动频率对土体变形的影响可能存在一个临界频率值,在这个值前后土体变形都会增大.研究成果对保证研究区交通设施的安全运营具有重要意义.

There are about 800000 km2 carbonate formation, 3620 karst groundwater systems and 1806×108 m3/a karst water resources in southern China, which supply water for about 50 million urban residents and more than 8000 rural people in 69 cities of southern China. However, karst water has been polluted in different degrees, and the agricultural areal source pollution is far more serious than the non-areal source pollution for karst water, which will threaten the water supply security in karst areas. Therefore, the risk assessment study of karst groundwater pollution is of great significance. Based on comprehensive and systematic analysis of the characteristics, the pollution types and pollution ways of southern China's karst water, and consulting the existing experimental results, the authors summarized the protective capability against pollution of karst ground water, and proposed the methods for pollution risk identification, the pollution probability estimation, the pollution risk assessment and control. With Guiyang as an example, the authors evaluated the karst groundwater areal source pollution risk, and put forward prevention and control countermeasures according to the characteristics of the karst groundwater areal source pollution.

Urbanization is a common trend for all the countries in their development,and is a mark of human civilization and progress.The trend of urbanization in China is consistent with the total trend of the world.So it is of great significance to find out the work progress of urban geological work in foreign countries.In this paper, the definition,connotation,task and work content are summarized and expounded.Then the main urban geolo-gical work of foreign countries is reviewed and summarized,in order to provide reference of the related work. On this basis,the development trend of urban geology is analyzed from nine aspects,including theory research, information system,working depth,working focus,mechanism construction,and so on.Finally,combining with the present situation of geological work in our country,the focus,content,research level of urban geology in China are discussed in order to offer reference to urban geological work in China.

通过对洛阳市某PTA化工厂进行工程勘察和吸附实验、生物降解实验、土柱淋滤实验求取了包气带物质运移的相关参数,利用Hydrus-1D软件对CODcr在蓄水池下包气带中的迁移进行了模拟预测.结果显示,不采取防渗措施时,正常工况、非正常工况、一般事故和风险事故4种工况下,CODCr从蓄水池底部超标迁移至潜水所需要的时间分别为5.4a、5 a、4.9a、3.8a,该污水蓄水池污染当地地下水风险很高;若在蓄水池下铺设2.5m厚的黏性土垫层,则四种工况下CODCr从蓄水池底部超标迁移至潜水所需要的时间分别为12.2a、10.5 a、9.1a、6.8a.

Permeability of plastic concrete under the two conditions, including the same load level and increasing load level with time,was investigated using the steady state flowmeasurement method based on Darcy’ s Law, and the relationships between the permeability and load and between the permeability and internal crack were analyzed. T he results showed that when load is constant and the plastic concrete sample is not destroyed,the permeability coefficient remains stable;while load increases step by step until the sample is destroyed, the permeability coefficient reduces slightly when stress ratio (η) is less than 30%, reduces signifi-cantly whenηis between 30% to 60%, begins to increase whenηis greater than 60%, and increases remarkably whenηreaches 80%.

Urban waste disposal methods,processing capacity and waste output in Fujian Province were researched in this article,and requirements and suitability of urban waste disposal were analyzed. Taking Hongmiaoling refuse dump in Fuzhou as example,the influence of refuse dump on environment was analyzed. Furthermore,the countermeasure and suggestion on waste disposal in Fujian Province were proposed.

The PTA wastewater discharged from a factory is selected as the research object, COD is selected as the characteristic pollution factor of PTA wastewater. Static adsorption and soil column leaching experiment of silty clay were taken place to study the adsorption、bio-degradation and dispersion coefficient of PTA wastewater. The Hydrus-1D soft was used to build the Convection-Diffusion model to demonstrate the phenomena of PTA wastewater migration, to predict the regularity of PTA wastewater migration in vadose zone. The results indicated that the silty clay in vadose zone could adsorb、degrade and impede contaminant in PTA wastewater, but the coefficient of adsorption and degradation were very low, down to 0.256cm3/g and 0.0077d-1respectively. When COD concentration is 4000mg/L, PTA wastewater is 5m deep in the tank and vadose zone is 10m thick, COD concentration will exceed standard after 11.76 years.

The pattern of adsorption,degradation and migration of CODCr of the wastewater was examined through the static batch experiments and the soil column methods,and the parameters required with the numerical simulation were obtained.As a result,the partition coefficients,longitudinal dispersivity and the first-order degradation coefficient of CODCr on silt were 0.155cm3/g,0.15cm,and 0.009 7/d,respectively.The migration of CODCr in the soil columns was simulated with the Hydrus-1D software.The results show that a good correlation exists between the measured values and the simulated ones.The migration depths within different times were predicted by the correspondence mathematical models.

The material types and concentration in waste leachate are affected deeply by field conditions of landfill site,waste classes and waste disposal methods.In terms of component,the harmful organic pollutants can be classified into five types,including Aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbons,BTEX,Phenols,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),and Phthalate esters(PAEs).In terms of function and application,the harmful organic pollutants can be grouped into four types,including agricultural organic contaminates,medical drugs,and electronic components(BFR).Most of the pollutants can cause cancer,malformation,and mutation,and they are usually endocrine disrupting chemicals,therefore they can affect the human health.However,there are few restrictions of these organic pollutants with little content but significant hazard in groundwater.The standards and restrictions for some serious organic pollutants are studied.It is suggested that those organic pollutants should be studied carefully in the future groundwater organic pollution investigation,and the management of the related departments should be strengthened to prevent groundwater pollution caused by these pollutants.