为探究不同材质、长度的滤棒基棒对加热卷烟烟气气溶胶吸光度的影响,通过改造某牌号加热卷烟作为气溶胶源,将5、10、15、20 mm的中空醋酸纤维、聚乳酸(PLA)、醋酸纤维共12种基棒分别连接至气溶胶源样品上作为测试样品.采用光透射法测量样品的烟气吸光度,以测试样品相对于气溶胶源样品烟气吸光度的变化作为吸光度衰减率,分析了不同基棒对加热卷烟烟气吸光度的影响.结果表明:①气溶胶源样品烟气吸光度在第3至第6口变异系数均小于6%,相对稳定;②基棒越长,衰减率越高,基棒长度变化对逐口衰减率的影响程度存在一定差异,中空醋酸纤维基棒、聚乳酸(PLA)基棒的长度与逐口衰减率呈指数关系,除第1口外R2均大于0.90,醋酸纤维基棒长度与逐口衰减率呈线性关系,除第2口和第5口外R2均大于0.87.

燃气置换过程难以监测,供气压力、置换时间等参数计算大都依赖人员经验,容易产生资源浪费和安全隐患.本文建立燃气管网置换过程动态仿真模型,在采用一维拓扑网络算法的基础上,对管网中的阻力系数进行精确求解.文章首先建立水平直管结构,结合Fluent仿真对算法进行验证,并对燃气置换过程的规律进行分析和总结.最后将模型应用于实际燃气管网置换工程中,与实测数据进行对比,结果表明所提出的模型精度可以满足工程需求,能为燃气管网置换方案的制定提供重要指导依据.

为解决传统的体积流量法校准装置在校准吸阻及通风率标准棒时容易受环境温度、大气压力及管路压降等因素影响的问题,搭建了一种基于质量流量法的吸阻及通风率标准棒校准系统.该系统以吸阻及通风率标准棒的下游气体压力、测试环境的大气压力和温度作为修正参数,通过质量流量可调的molbox测量主机、molbloc-S音速喷嘴和自动调节控制单元,产生校准所需的恒定体积流量.采用不同规格吸阻和通风率标准棒对该系统的重复性及稳定性进行测试,并与体积流量法校准装置进行比对,结果表明:①吸阻及通风率标准棒校准结果的稳定性及重复性均优于体积流量法校准装置;②吸阻标准棒校准结果相对偏差的绝对值均≤0.21％,通风率标准棒校准结果绝对偏差的绝对值均≤0.05％,与体积流量法校准结果基本一致.该技术可为提高吸阻及通风率标准棒的校准结果准确性提供支持.

以烟用恒温干燥箱为研究对象,介绍干燥箱的基本原理和结构.通过CFD数值模拟和试验的方法对干燥箱的流场进行研究.采用SOLIDWORKS三维建模软件建立干燥箱的结构图,利用FLUENT软件仿真得到恒温干燥箱达到稳定状态时的温度场、压力场和流速场.恒温干燥箱内9个测量点的温度和风速测量值与数值模拟结果吻合较好,验证了数值模拟模型的正确性.而恒温干燥箱内部温度场的均匀性是干燥箱主要的性能指标之一,研究发现叶轮转速对干燥箱温度均匀度有较大的影响,合适的转速有利于改善干燥箱内温度场的均匀性,为干燥箱的优化设计提供参考依据.

热电联产过程中的蒸汽输送过程难以监测,流量和压力变化比较复杂,管网运维依赖人员经验,容易造成能源浪费.本文建立了蒸汽供热管网的动态仿真模型,模型将蒸汽管网假设为单相可压缩流体网络,由节点和管路组成.使用管网质量方程、动量方程和能量方程建立管网物理模型,并采用隐式欧拉算法、稀疏矩阵算法求解由物理模型所得的非线性微分方程组.此外,本文建立了简单管网,并结合Fluent仿真对算法进行了验证.最后,建立了实际管网模型,与某企业蒸汽管网实际运行数据进行对比,结果表明所提出的模型不仅具有计算准确性,而且有实际工程应用价值.

为解决目前烟草行业温湿度计量检定布线复杂、功能简单等缺点,该文设计开发了一套基于WIFI和单片机的无线温湿度采集系统.通过试验分别对系统的精度、一致性、重复性和稳定性进行了测试,并与传统的有线采集装置进行了比对试验.结果表明:①无线温湿度采集系统的温度测量误差满足±0.1℃,湿度测量误差满足±1.0％RH,均满足计量检定的要求;②采用假设检验方法对一致性、重复性进行了验证,一致性测试结果P值均大于显著性水平α(0.05),重复性P值计算结果为0.766,大于显著性水平α,表明系统一致性和重复性较好.采用休哈特控制图法对稳定性进行了验证,通过温湿度X-R图判断该系统长期稳定性较好;并且与传统有线采集装置进行了试验对比,二者温湿度测量结果无显著性差异.该温湿度无线采集系统为实验室温湿度的计量检定提供了一种更加便捷高效的测量方法.

为提高吸阻标准棒校准结果的准确性,利用体积流量调节法提出了一种吸阻标准棒校准方法,并与现有标准恒流孔CFO(Critical Flow Orifice)法进行对比,分析两种方法在校准吸阻标准棒时的重复性和稳定性差异;以体积流量调节法为校准方法参加CORESTA组织的吸阻标准棒共同实验,结果表明:①与CFO法相比,体积流量调节法校准结果的标准偏差和变异系数以及5个月内校准结果的极差均降低一半以上.②国内ZTRI(Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute)实验室与国外3个实验室校准结果平均值的相对极差均在0.40％以下;4个实验室对吸阻标准棒校准结果的变异系数均不超过0.10％.该方法可为提高卷烟吸阻和滤棒压降测量结果的准确性提供支持.

介绍了卷烟吸阻检测设备期间核查的方法,探讨了常规控制图在卷烟吸阻检测设备期间核查中的应用,通过建立吸阻均值-极差质量控制图分析了期间核查结果,判定了检测设备的校准状态,保证了设备使用的可靠性.其他的检测设备也可通过采用常规控制图方法进行期间核查,判定检测设备的受控状态.

文件控制是校准实验室进行质量体系和管理体系建设的基础,是影响校准实验室正常平稳运行的重要因素,所以对文件进行全寿命周期的监控十分重要.介绍了计量校准实验室的文件分类和层次以及文件从创建到作废的全过程控制,形成了校准实验室特有的受控文件管理办法,如文件编号规则和受控状态标识等.阐述了校准实验室在运行过程中在分类和查新遇到的问题和解决办法.切实推进实验室的文件控制有利于提高实验室校准的真实性和可靠性.

为探究烟用层流流量传感器测量准确性的影响因素,介绍烟用层流流量传感器的基本结构,分析烟用层流流量传感器的入口效应,采用Fluent软件进行数值仿真.结果表明:烟用层流流量传感器仿真曲线与实验曲线基本吻合;小流量时仿真值与理论值较为接近,大流量时仿真值与理论值相对误差超过1％;环境因素对烟用层流流量传感器测量准确性的影响,温度最为显著,大气压仅在大流量时有一定影响,湿度基本无影响.通过研究环境因素对烟用层流流量传感器测量准确性的影响,对提高实验室与车间卷烟通风率测量一致性具有指导意义.

中国烟草标准化研究中心在开展膨胀梗丝填充值测定仪检定工作的过程中,发现了一些影响检定结果的典型问题,如底盘倾斜、测头压力及施压速度不正确,针对这些问题进行分析,提出了一些在使用和维护膨胀梗丝填充值测定仪时的建议.

Current calibration method of air permeability standards does not take into account the influences imparted by standard’s position in the air circuit and atmospheric pressure variation on measurement results. Therefore, the method was improved by changing the arrangement of air permeability standard in air circuit for measurement from upstream to downstream of the flow-meter and dividing air permeability standards into two types, linear type and non-linear type. The influence of atmospheric pressure on the measurements of non-linear standards was calculated. The repeatability and stability of measuring method before and after improvement were compared, and the improved measuring method was adopted to take part in CORESTA collaborative experiments. The results showed that: 1) After improvement, the standard deviation and variance coefficient of measurements, and the extreme difference of measurement results over five months for non-linear standards reduced by about 50%. 2) The relative extreme difference of volumetric flow mean value of air permeability standards measured by ZTRI (Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC)laboratory and three foreign laboratories were less than 2%, and the variance coefficients of measurements of each standard were all less than 0.50%.

It is known that free radicals in cigarette smoke do harm to the human health The most common way to detect the reactive free radicals is electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in conjunction with the spin trapping method In this paper with a highly efficient and novel spin trap DEPMPO, the alkyl radicals and hydroxyl radical were obtained in the aqueous medium, among of which no adducts of alkoxyl radicals were discovered In view of the fact that more oxygen molecule dissolved in organic solvents as well as the priority of the ability of DEPMPO in capturing reactive free radicals and its character of ESR spectrum to those of PBN and DMPO, we considered that the trapped alkoxyl radicals in the previous paper may derive from the secondary radical products by oxidation of alkyl radicals

The critical flow orifice was used for controlling the airflow in ZZZ - 1 ventilation meter. The minimum sectional area of jet throat was calculated through the analysis of the steady flow characteristics of air, the relation-ship between air velocity and passage geometry, and the air velocity and volume passing through the jet, the standard constant flow orifice was determined. The material selection and airflow measurement of the standard constant flow orifice were described. Comparing ZZZ - 1 ventilation meter with imported instrument, all performance and technology indexes were in accordance with the industrial standard.

The application of magnetic grid in the fourth generation filling value meter developed by Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute was introduced mainly. While measuring the displacement, the magnetic grid was coupled with chip microcomputer and PWM controller in a closed loop circuit to control the direct-current servo motor. And the control method of the system was explained.

按照新国标的要求,卷烟烟气总粒相物中烟碱、水分的检测推荐采用气相色谱法.现根据检测工作中的一些体会,结合多年的色谱工作经验,介绍填充柱气相色谱仪(岛津GC-14B)的几种使用与维护方法,与同行们交流.