目的 通过对比度视力(CVA)检测,分析斜视手术后患者的双眼视觉空间分辨能力与视觉质量.方法 纳入2018年12月至2019年6月于深圳市眼科医院斜视与小儿眼科行斜视矫正手术的斜视患者42例(84只眼).其中,男性18例(36只眼),女性24例(48只眼);年龄18～48岁,平均年龄(25.8±5.8)岁.分别检测手术前1 d与手术后1周,在100％、25％、10％和5％的4种对比度下,患者的单眼视力、双眼视力与CVA值.采用均数±标准差描述患者的年龄、双眼远近斜视度与CVA值;采用例数和百分比描述不同斜视类型患者所占的百分比与患者术后CVA值的提高率.采用配对t检验比较斜视患者手术前后的CVA值;采用卡方检验比较不同斜视类型与不同程度双眼单视功能受损患者CVA值的提高率;采用配对卡方检验和Kappa一致性检验比较斜视手术后1周,患者双眼单视功能和双眼CVA检查的结果.结果 在100％、25％、10％和5％的4种对比度下,患者手术前后双眼CVA检查结果的差异有统计学意义(t=3.655,2.086,2.216,3.699;P<0.05).手术前后,在100％及25％对比度下,主导眼CVA检查结果的差异有统计学意义(t=2.742,2.400;P<0.05);在10％及5％对比度下,主导眼CVA检查结果的差异无统计学意义(t=2.021,1.773;P>0.05).在100％、25％、10％和5％对比度下,术后1周与术前相比,主导眼视力降低的患者分别为5例(5只眼),占11.90％;8例(8只眼),占19.04％;11例(11只眼),占26.19％;13例(13只眼)占30.95％.术后1周与术前相比,患者主斜眼CVA检查结果的差异无统计学意义(t=0.415,0.471,0.659,0.639;P>0.05).共同性斜视患者中,术后双眼CVA值提高的有24例(48只眼),占80.00％;非共同性斜视患者中,术后双眼CVA值提高的有5例(10只眼),占41.67％.外斜视患者中,术后双眼CVA值提高的有23例(46只眼),占74.19％;内斜视患者中,术后双眼CVA值提高的有4例(8只眼),占36.36％.共同性斜视与非共同性斜视患者、外斜视与内斜视患者、术前同视机Ⅱ级功能(融合功能)存在与术前同视机Ⅱ级功能(融合功能)受损的患者相比,术后CVA值的提高率更高,且三组患者CVA值提高率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.60,5.52,5.35;P<0.05).术后1周,患者双眼CVA值的提高率为69.0％,患者双眼单视功能的提高率为50.0％.两组提高率的比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.08,P<0.05).结论 CVA检测法是一种敏感的视功能检查方法.斜视手术后,患者在各对比度下的双眼CVA值均有所改善,主导眼在中高对比度下的视觉空间分辨能力提高.通过CVA检测,可为斜视手术后患者双眼视功能的恢复提供预见性.

Objective To investigate visual acuity and refractive status of junior school students in Longgang District of Shenzhen city,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of myopia.Methods A total of 1 925 students were selected from three junior schools in Longgang District of Shenzhen city from January to December in 2015 by cluster sampling method,then a questionnaire survey was performed.Visual acuity,anterior segment,fundus,eye position,and refractive status were examined in all the students.The risk factors of poor visual acuity were analyzed.The refractive statuses of these students of different grades and genders were compared.Results The detection rate of poor vision was 70.5％ among 1 925 junior school students in Longgang District of Shenzhen city.Female,family history of high myopia,using eyes for a long time and at close range were the main risk factors.The detection rates of emmetropia,hyperopia,and astigmatism decreased gradually with the increase of grade,there were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of emmetropia and hyperopia among the students in different grades (x2 =22.153,P＜0.05;x2 =7.601,P＜0.05).The detection rates of mild,moderate,and high myopia increased gradually with the increase of grade,there were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of mild and high myopia among the students in different grades (x2 =8.508,P＜0.05;x2 =27.934,P＜0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of poor vision is high among the junior school students in Longgang District of Shenzhen city.Prevention and treatment of myopia is of great importance in controlling poor vision among junior school students.

目的 了解深圳市小学生视力及屈光状态,为近视防控提供科学依据.方法 整群抽取深圳市内5所不同小学共6737名在校学生,进行视力、前房、眼底、眼位和屈光状态检查.结果 深圳市6737名学龄期小学生视力不良检出率66.0％,其中女性、高度近视家族史,连续看近情况,户外活动情况为小学生视力不良的危险因素.随着年龄增长,正视、远视、散光的检出率逐渐减小,且有统计学意义(P＜0.05),轻度近视、中度近视、高度近视的检出率逐渐增多,且有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 深圳市小学生视力不良检出率高,近视是主要原因,做好近视防治工作,对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义.

AIM:To retrospectively analyze the myopia progression in children after oral delivery of Difrarel for 6mo. METHODS:Collecting myopic children aged 3～13 in our hospital from June 2012 to January 2015, 36 cases(69 eyes)included, 16 males(30 eyes)and 20 females(39 eyes). After dilated by atropine eye ointment, all cases were divided into three groups according to the spherical equivalent degree. There were 30 eyes in high myopia group(>-6.00D),24 eyes in moderate myopia group(-3.00～-6.00D)and 15 eyes in mild myopia group(RESULTS:The spherical equivalent degree, AL and AL/CR increased in mild and moderate myopia group after oral delivery of Difrarel for 6mo, but had found statistically significant differences in moderate myopia group only(P<0.05). The spherical equivalent degree and AL increased in high myopia group also, but no change in AL/CR, and all had no significant differences in high myopia group(P>0.05). The spherical equivalent degree, AL and AL/CR increased in preschool children group and juvenile group,but only AL and AL/CR had found statistically significant differences in preschool children group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Short-term oral delivery of Difrarel in children can control the progression of mild and high myopia, but have no effect on moderate myopia; and short-term oral delivery of Difrarel in children can control the progression of juvenile myopia, but have no effect on preschool myopia.

AIM:To study the visual acuity and refractive status of students pupils and middle school students in Shenzhen, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia. <br> METHODS:A cluster sampling method was used to select five primary school students(6 737) and three junior middle school students(1 925) from Shenzhen. The visual acuity, anterior segment, fundus, eye position, and refractive status were measured. Information on associated factors for poor vision were also obtained using a questionaire. The risk factors of poor vision and the rate of myopia between grade or gender were analysed by Chi-square test. <br> RESULTS:The rate of poor vision was 67. 0%. Female, family history of high myopia, long time of continuous&nbsp;look near, short time of outdoor activities were the main risk factors. The rate of emmetropia, hyperopia, astigmatism and myopia were 15. 1%, 11. 3%, 11. 0% and 62. 6% respectively. Emmetropia, hyperopia and astigmatism incidenece rate decreased with age growing, but myopia incidence rate was increased. There were significant differences between adjacent two grades in myopia(χ2=7. 338-45. 018, P<0. 05 ) except the primary grade six and the junior grade one. There were significant differences between boys ( 61. 0%) and girls ( 65. 5%) in myopia(χ2=17. 180, P<0. 05). <br> CONCLUSION:The rate of poor vison is pretty high in students of Shenzhen aged between 5 to 16 years old, and myopia is the main reason. The development rate of myopia is increased with age. Early management of myopia may play an important role in controlling poor vision in students.

Objective:To investigate the situation of sexual knowledge , attitude and behavior among the university students ,and provide scientific basic for sexual health education in universities .Methods:A total of 787 undergraduates were randomly selected .The questionnaire included the general situation ,sex-ual education , knowledge , attitude and behavior .Results:The average score of sexual knowledge was (27.38 ±3.90).There were significant distribution -differences in specialty(t=3.07,P<0.01),grade (t=2.24,P <0.05) and love history (t =5.11,P <0.01).The incidence of sexual behavior was 21.22%.There were significant distribution -differences in gender(χ2 =34.91,P<0.01),specialty(χ2=5.85,P<0.05),grade(χ2 =9.36,P<0.01),native place (χ2 =15.88,P<0.01) and love history (χ2 =44.42,P<0.01).Conclusion:The school should provide students with courses related to sexual health education ,and help them form healthy sexual attitude .

Objective:To investigate the situation of the social adaptability and its influences among freshmen in Guangzhou .Methods:A total of 858 freshmen in 3 universities were randomly selected as the object.The questionnaire included the general situation ,Social Adaptability Diagnosis Scale and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire .Results:The average score of social adaptability was ( 6 .28 ±5 .44 ) .There were significant differences in character (F =40.71,P <0.01),dormitory relations(F =15.47,P <0.01),family relations(F=38.00,P<0.01),positive coping styles (t=10.61,P<0.01),negative coping styles(t=4.32,P<0.01).Conclusion:The social adaptability of freshmen is poor in the univer-sity.Family and society should take relevant measures to improve the social adaptability of students .

Objective This present study was conducted to investigate whether ZNF185 is associated with X-linked recessive high myopia in a Chinese Han family, which has been confirmed to be responsible for MYP1. Methods The clinical data and genome DNA of ten patients and eighteen unaffected relatives of the family were collected with Twenty-two exons of ZNF185, including intron/exon boundarie, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and the PCR products were subjected to automatic DNA sequencing. Results Four untranslated region SNPs were found in this pedigree, which did not co-segregate with the disease phenotype in this family. Conclu-sions Mutation in exons of ZNF185 is excluded as a pathogenic cause for high myopia in this family.

Objective To explore the efficacy of Difaming Tablets in improvement of high myopia and amblyopia of children. Methods Patients (200 cases) with high myopia and amblyopia of children from October 2012 to October 2013 in the Ophthalmology Hospital of Shenzhen City were randomly divided into treatment (100 cases) and control (100 cases) groups. The patients in the treatment group were po administered with Difaming Tablets, one tablet/time, twice daily. The patients in the control group were po administered with Starch Tablets, one tablet/time, twice daily. The patients in the two groups were treated for six months. The changes of eyesight, diopter, eye axis, corneal refractive power, and corneal thickness in the two groups after the treatment of 3, 6 months, and followed up for 6 months were observed. Results The average eyesight in the treatment group was improved after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P<0.05). The eyesight in the control group was no statistically significant difference before and after the treatment. The eyesight in the treatment group was better than that in control group after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, with the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness in the treatment group were improved after the treatment of 6 months, and followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P<0.05). These indicators in the treatment group were better than those in the control group, with the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness in the control group were increased followed up for 6 months, and the differences were statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P<0.05). Conclusions Difaming Tablets can obviously improve the eyesight of high myopia and amblyopia of children, and can reduce the diopter, eye axis, and corneal thickness, which has the certain curative effect for high myopia and amblyopia of children.

目的 了解广州市某高校大学生艾滋病歧视现状及其可能影响因素,为降低艾滋病歧视、预防艾滋病提供参考依据.方法 采用目的抽样方法,对广州市某高校678名大学生进行艾滋病相关问题问卷调查.结果 艾滋病非传播途径、传播途径及预防知识得分在不同年级、生源地、专业大学生之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);不同年级大学生对艾滋病病人及其家属的处境得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).艾滋病非传播途径知识得分、预防知识得分与其对艾滋病歧视态度得分均呈负相关,对待艾滋病感染者/病人及其家属处境理解与其对艾滋病歧视态度呈正相关(P值均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,生源地和对艾滋病感染者/病人及其家属处境的理解是影响大学生对艾滋病感染者/病人态度的主要因素(P值均＜0.05).结论 应加强大学生艾滋病健康教育,提高大学生对艾滋病歧视及其危害的认知和了解,以减少艾滋病歧视现象.

近年来,我国政府在场馆建设方面的投入增速迅猛,但场馆运营管理却不受重视.本文立足于政府场馆经营和公益性质,通过引入利益相关者理论,基于满足公众需求、提升资源使用效率和优化资源配置,参考国内外相关资料,经过两次问卷调查,运用主成分分析法,本文旨在构建政府场馆运营管理的绩效评价指标体系.指标体系甄别的原则和方向是:公益性为主,盈利性为辅,注重运营效率,兼顾定量指标和定性指标结合.

Objective To determine the current status of contact lens related knowledge and behaviors among undergraduate students in Guangzhou,so as to provide references to promote health education on optic health. Methods In Guangzhou,five universities were chosen based on accessibility,by using stratified random cluster sampling. A total of 809 undergraduate students participated. All the respondents were required to complete a questionnaire survey containing knowledge and behaviors regarding contact lens. Results The percentage of contact lens usage was 20. 27%,which was statistically correlated with gender,major,hometown and financial status( P 0. 05). Contact lens related knowledge was( 7. 38 ± 4. 39),and the score of proper contact lens usage among those wearing contact lens was( 7. 62 ± 2. 78). The classification tree showed that the wearing experience,gender,major and grade were the main influential factors for contact lens related knowledge. Conclusion The undergraduate students in Guangzhou are generally ill-informed regarding contact lens,and contact lens usage need to be improved. In order to protect the optic health of the students,it's necessary to advocate and promote health education in varied approaches and regularize their usage of contact lens.

Objective To understand the current health literacy status among undergraduate students in Guangzhou and analyze the related influential factors,so as to provide reference and suggestions for universities and corresponding government branches to develop health promotion and make health policies efficiently. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling,a total of 2 109 undergraduate students from 5 universities in Guangzhou were selected to complete a health literacy questionnaire including basic knowledge and health concepts,healthy lifestyles and behaviors,and basic health skills. Results The percentage of sampled undergraduates in Guangzhou who had met the health literacy criteria is8. 2%. The percentages of students who had met the health literacy criteria on basic knowledge and health concepts,and on healthy lifestyles and behaviors,and on health basic skills are 18. 2%,13. 7% and 41. 3%,respectively. The percentage of health literacy in students of Medicine or Pharmacy specialty is higher than other specialties( 16. 9%),and the percentage of health literacy is statistically significantly correlated with the specialty( X2= 110. 65,P 0. 001). There were also statistical significances in the difference of health literate students who had been enrolled in health-related courses before this investigation and who were in different grades( X2= 59. 96,88. 82,both P 0. 001). The classification tree showed that the specialty,grade,related coursework and origin of students were the main influential factors for the health literacy of undergraduate students. Conclusions The health literacy of undergraduate students in Guangzhou is generally on low level,especially on healthy lifestyles,behaviors and prevention of chronic disease. It is necessary for universities and corresponding government branches to make intervention and promotion to address this issue.

Objective To assess the clinical outcome of phakic posterior chamber intraocullar lens(ICL) implantation for high myopia.Methods One hundred sixty-two eyes 0f 82 patients with high myopia were treated with ICL implantation from Feb 2009 to Feb 2011.The preoperative mean spherical equivalent was 13.65±4.25 D,the mean cylindrical equivalent was 2.65±0.75 D.All subjects were followed for 6 months up to 2 years.Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity,refraction,intraocular pressure,endothelial cell morphometry,and adverse complications were analyzed.Results The range of uncorrected visual acuity after operation was 0.5~1.0,with mean of 0.78±0.32.The range of preoperative best corrected visual acuity was 0.3~1.0,with mean of 0.59±0.36.The mean best corrected visual acuity after operation was 0.79±0.30.The uncorrected visual acuity was better than preoperative best corrected visual acuity in 68 out of 160 eyes.The mean spherical equivalent after operation was-0.75±0.65 D,the mean cylindrical equivalent was 0.55±0.25 D.Corneal endothelium counting had no significant changes after the surgery.No serious complications have been reported during the follow-up period.Conclusion The implantation of phakic posterior chamber ICL for high myopia is safe and effective.It is an appropriate treatment for high myopia.

This paper introduces the classification reform plan of institutions affiliated Geological Bureau of Guangdong Province. These include: the geological exploration team has been adjusted; the reform objectives and measures has been made more clearly; the public serving property of geological exploration team has been positioned correctly; the task for geological exploration unit has been defined; the distribution of resources has been optimized; and the system of local geological work has been built. All of these have helped the geological exploration unit to integrate into society. This paper goes on to point out that the reform of geological exploration unit of Guangdong province has followed the concepts of geology; and the design of the task with regard to non-profit geological exploration units is consistent with their national and provincial circumstances; the role of existing geological achievements has been fully explored. So the leading role of geological exploration units in geological work has been brought into full play. On this basis, this paper offers some measures: the reform must be followed the principle of classification reform, adjusting measures to differing conditions, and taking active and steady steps; the units of public class 2 must be given reasonable support; the existing system concerning mineral exploration right and mineral exploitation right must be reformed; the historical issue should be appropriately handled with people first; and last but not least, as for geological cause, the industrialization and the public welfare should not be fully reached.

PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical resection and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for treatment of refractory symptomatic giant papillae in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).METHODS:This is a retrospective study of 13 eyes of 9 patients with refractory giant papillae associated with corneal shield ulcer and/or punctate epithelial erosions who underwent surgical resection of the papillae combined with AMT to cover the tarsal conjunctival defect.RESULTS:During 14.2 ± 4.2 months of postoperative follow-up, smooth tarsal conjunctival surface was achieved in all cases, with no recurrence of the giant papillae in any eye. Corneal shield ulcers and punctate epithelial erosions healed within 2 weeks after surgery and did not recur during the follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.26 ± 0.21 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution preoperatively to 0.02 ± 0.04 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution postoperatively (P = 0.01). Three patients experienced recurrence of VKC symptoms, but without giant papillae, which could be well controlled by topical medications.CONCLUSIONS:Surgical resection combined with AMT is an effective procedure for treatment of refractory giant papillae in patients with VKC.

Objective To assess the Photopic negative response(PhNR) in different background and stimulation lights with different intension and colour in normal eyes and children with mild and moderate hypermetropic amblyopia.Methods PhNR was performed on32 cases(41 eyes) of hypermetropic amblyopia and 18 normal eyes.The amplitude and wave latency of PhNR were recorded and analysed.Results The PhNR amplitude in a wave of red flashes(stimulus intensity of 1cd.s/m2) on a blue background(1uminance of 20cd/m2) was different in 3 groups,P<0.05;The PhNR amplitude in a wave of red flashes(stimulus intensity of 3cd.s/m2and 7cd.s/m2) on a blue background(1uminance of 40cd/m2) was difference in the moderate and mild hypermetropic amblyopic eyes,P<0.05;the PhNR amplitude in a wave of red flashes(stimulus intensity of 3cd.s/m2and 7cd.s/m2) on a white background(1uminance of 30cd/m2) was different in the moderate and mild hypermetropic amblyopic eyes,P<0.05.There was no significant difference in the moderate,mild hypermetropic amblyopic eyes and the control eyes in other stimulation conditions.There was no significant difference in wave latency of PhNR in the moderate,mild hypermetropic amblyopic eyes and the control eyes.Conclusions The retinal ganglion cells in children with moderate hypermetropic amblyopia are sensitive to some lights of a certain colour and intension,which indicates a higher PhNR amplitude and a neural wave latency.

This paper considers that the geological prospecting institutions can be reformed into administration institutions,business and service institutions,and public service institutions.It points out the problems with regard to system,mechanism and allocation of state-owned property management of geological prospecting public institutions.It also introduces the two major modes implemented in Nanning city of Guangxi Autonomous Region and Anda city of Heilongjiang province and analyses the advantages and disadvantages.It gives an idea that the state-owned property management of geological prospecting institutions of Guangdong should establish state ownership;financial department of the government holds supervision;the reform should implement according to the reform classification of geological prospecting institutions.

Objective To study the changes of function of the tear film after strabismus surgery and analyze its impacts.Methods Schirmer I test (SIt), Break up time Of the tear film(BUT) and corneal fluorescence integral(FI)were performed at pre-operative day 1 and postoperative week 1, 2 and 4 in 91 eyes from 50 patients underwent strabismus surgery . Then the function changes of tear film were analyzed.Results 3 post-operative group data were compared with pre-operative data. There is a significant reduction of BUT (P0.05), significant increase of FI(P0.05),but no significant difference of SIt (P0.05) at post-operative week (1)No significant difference of SIt and FI (P0.05) but a significant decrease of BUT (P0.05) was present at post-operative week (2)At post-operative week 4,SIt,FI and BUT (P0.05) are recovered.Conclusion The function of tear film is abnormal in the early postoperative period after strabismus surgery, mainly with abnormal stability of tear film.

Because overstepping of legislative authority and delegating and unconstitutional act with regard to the current resources tax may influence the validity of tax law,the social identity is hard to come by,and random policy,the author discusses that according to the principle of taxation legalism,resource tax legislation belongs to the NPC and its Standing Committee;if delegated legislation,some restrictions,such as authorized purpose and scope should be defined,and the right of enabling legislation cannot be sub-delegated to other organs.Some specific methods for resource tax are also mentioned: making the essential legal issue of revenue clear,promoting the validity level of legal system,standardizing the items according to revenue law,and constantly improving the legislation system.