为进一步归纳三峡库区地质灾害变形特征及机制,本文基于三峡库区189处地质灾害专业监测数据,通过对地质灾害位移-时间曲线深入研究,结果表明:(1)2017～2019年专业监测地质灾害点的变形形势总体趋于缓和,变形主要发生在5月至9月,降雨为变形主要影响因素,根据地质灾害年变形量及地表宏观变形,划分为未变形或微变形、缓慢变形、较明显变形、明显变形等4类;(2)依据GNSS累积位移-时间曲线特征,将地质灾害变形特征划分为振荡型、直线型和阶跃型3种基本类型,其中阶跃型是发生明显变形和较明显变形的地质灾害主要变形形式,为库区地质灾害变形关注的重点;(3)通过变形特征和影响因素作用机制分析,总结了三峡水库运行期地质灾害存在8种阶跃变形特征,提出了不同因素作用下的变形模式,归纳了其累积位移-时间曲线在变形"台阶"的形态特征、高度控制因素、出现时间及重复规律性等4个方面差异.研究成果为三峡库区地质灾害变形分析和预警提供依据.

云南昭通是我国地质灾害频发区域,特别是在降雨和地震条件下往往导致严重的危害.位于昭通市昭阳区的窝子箐滑坡威胁坡底数十居民的生命财产安全,因此对该坡体进行地质结构调查和稳定性研究十分必要.基于现场地质钻探和槽探确定窝子箐滑坡的表层为松散的残坡积土和耕植土,下部为全风化和强风化的玄武岩,且玄武岩明显得受到了地质构造界面切割.地质调查同时表明该坡体在破碎的全-强风化玄武岩中存在两个潜在的滑移面.在雨季和2014年鲁甸“8·03”地震中,窝子箐坡体局部发生了少量变形.利用Geo-Slope软件进行了天然状态、降雨状态、地震状态、降雨和地震共同作用4种工况下窝子箐滑坡的稳定性分析,结果表明天然状态下坡体稳定性较好,滑动面Ⅰ稳定性系数为1.41,滑动面Ⅱ稳定性系数为1.31.降雨和地震共同作用下稳定性系数达到最低,滑动面Ⅰ稳定性系数为1.01,滑动面Ⅱ稳定性系数为0.93.降雨和地震条件下窝子箐滑坡稳定性系数出现显著降低,存在滑动失稳的可能.

The paper selected typical loess landslides of linear-type,convex-type,concave-type and stepped-type on the aspects of slope,height of slope and thickness of landslide based on the analysis of the background of geological environment of eastern Gansu area as a calculating model,and analyzed the stability of landslides under four working conditions of natural,saturation,earthquake and saturation earthquake with different types,different slopes,different heights of slope and different thicknesses of landslide of loess landslides.The outcomes show that: viewing from affecting factors,the maximum affecting factor to the stability of landslide is slope,the next is the height of slope;viewing from working conditions,the main influence factor of landslides is rainfall penetration,the following is earthquake;viewing from the types of landslide,the stability of linear-type is relatively better,then is stepped-type and convex-type,and the concave-type is the worst.

泾川县境内黄土梁峁起伏、沟壑纵横,滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害频发,地形、地貌、岩性、植被等影响着灾害的发育和分布,降雨和人类活动是主要诱发因素。在2010年1∶5万地质灾害调查图的基础上,对泾川县地质灾害分布和发育特征进行了分析、评价,并有针对性地提出了地质灾害防治建议,以期为当地地质灾害防治及规划提供参考。

In August 2010,serious deformation occurred in the Wangxia dangerous rock mass.The local residents and river channel safety are in high risk.This paper is based on detailed investigation of the new cracks,deformation history,GPS observations,total station monitoring and crack displacement monitoring data analysis.It analyses comprehensively the deformation and reasons of the unstable rock mass.The results show that the overall displacement direction of the rock mass was towards to SW with obvious subsidence deformation.The T10 crack controlled cracking and the back edge of the deformation zone that mainly manifested as crack opening and settlement deformation.The overall displacement direction of the block between the T11and T12 cracks was towards to SW and accompanied with settlement deformation more than horizontal displacement.Serious deformation occurred in the block near the T13 crack,caused by the block squeezing action between the T11and T12 cracks.A group of structural planes with large and straight persistence and good apertures were developed due to connected joint surfaces in the formations of the dangerous rock mass.The planes controlled the destruction of the rock that were parallel to the failure surface.The dangerous rock mass and its weak base rock formed a typical hard to soft to hard lithologic layers,which provided a combined condition of the geological structure for the interlayer-gliding of the rock mass.The expansion of the cracks and collapse pits were formed on the basis of previous deformation.They had very close relationship with the mining activities at the bottom of the rock mass.Subsided extrusion type collapse had formed so that the dangerous rock mass undertook rotational sliding to the free face after rainfall.

Geological hazards often cause grave damages to people's lives and property,and hence the study of the meteorological early-warning for geological hazards has practical significance.With Lingtai County of Gansu Province as an example,this paper elaborates the research on meteorological early-warning based on GIS and the good results obtained.Starting with the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause the loess geological hazards,the authors carried out the study of geological hazards liability zoning in Lingtai County(intrinsic factors),and then,with a full consideration of the impact of rainfall on geological hazards(external factors),conducted the geological hazards meteorological early-warning zoning study.The authors employed the critical-day synthesized effective process of the rainfall criteria precipitation method in the key and secondary warning zones of Lingtai County.Good prediction results were obtained,which indicate that,being practical and effective,this method can provide a scientific basis for the further study of geological hazards meteorological early-warning in the loess region.

滑坡监测主要采用地表位移GPS监测和滑体深部位移监测等方法。根据多年滑坡变形、库区降雨、库区水位变化等相关资料,分析了三峡库区淌里滑坡的空间变形特征,并研究了降雨和库区水位两个因素对滑坡变形的影响。该滑坡变形区呈牵引式变形特征,多年位移监测数据曲线呈阶跃性特征,与降雨过程具有一定的相关性,同时库水位的大幅变动对滑体变形的节奏也产生一定影响。滑体变形对水位下降的情况较为敏感,尤其当水位在一段时间内按一定速率持续宽幅下降时对变形区的稳定性影响更为强烈。

This study carried out a detailed field geological disasters survey on the basis of investigating the Lingtai County geological environment comprehensively.It had identified the distribution,causes and development law of the four major geological disasters which are landslides,avalanches,mud rock flow,unstable slopes in the county,and took the specific analysis for the causes and status of typical geological disasters.The research showed that the geological disasters in the county were serious,harmful,broader distribution,and they restricted the development of social and economic severely,even threatened the safety of people's lives and property.The study and investigation of geological disasters in Lingtai offered the reliable basis of effective geological disasters prevention for the government and relevant departments.

On the basis of the operating principle of BOTDR and the data of the commonly used Ф 0.9SM single-core tight-tube fiber in the lab at the constant temperature,this paper performs calibration and analysis of the influence of the ambient temperature on the monitored data by using statistical analysis and linear regression method,effectively rejecting the pseudostrain on the data caused by the ambient temperature influence and achieving good results.

实时监测就是在计算机自动化技术和通讯技术搭建的支持平台上,使处于通讯网络终端的监测仪器设施按既定程序进行数据采集和传输或使其在通讯指令干预下进行数据即时或触发采集和传输,从而达到在全天候无人值守的信息获取。滑坡实时监测系统就是充分利用计算机自动化和现代通讯技术,在各个现场监测站和中心站之间通过无线通讯网络(GSM/GPRS/CDMA)实现监测指令发布和数据实时采集和传输,监测数据在中心站服务器经过处理后存储于数据库,为滑坡监测预警分析和数据web发布共享服务。滑坡实时监测为滑坡研究和预测预报提供了基础数据资料,提高了我国滑坡监测预警水平。巫山县地质灾害监测预警示范站是实时监测的典型例子。

该标准是以<供水水文地质勘察规范>(GB50027－2001)为基础进行编制的.它侧重和扩充了对勘查工作有实践指导意义的技术方法,纳入了近年来行之有效的新技术、新方法.能够对供水水文地质勘查起到具体的规范指导作用.它与<供水水文地质勘察规范>(GB50027－2001)相互关联,共同使用.