科36S是安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以L06S为母本,与优质恢复系9Z007杂交、回交选育的优质温敏不育系,2021年8月通过安徽省技术鉴定.科36S不育特性较好,柱头外露率和异交结实率较高,抗性较好,米质较优,所配组合杂种优势强.科36S转育彻底,繁殖产量高.本文阐述了科36S的选育过程、特征特性、配组表现等,总结了其繁殖技术,以期为相关人员提供参考.

通过开展庐江县优质稻米产业调研,深入了解和剖析了该县优质稻米产业发展现状,针对优质稻品种多样化、规模生产难、市场竞争大、稻米加工及品牌建设滞后、产业链条不健全、企业品牌效益不佳等产业发展突出问题,从优化品种布局、加强引导培育、打造优势品牌和畅通产业链条等方面提出了发展庐江县优质稻米产业的对策建议.

水稻的柱头外露率影响异交结实率,不育系的柱头外露率则直接影响制种产量.本研究利用高柱头外露率的两系籼稻不育系1892S和低柱头外露率的籼稻品种'扬稻6号选'构建的重组自交系群体(RILs),考查了 F6和F7世代的柱头单外露率(SSE)、柱头双外露率(DSE)、柱头总外露率(TSE);采用基因分型测序技术(GBS)构建遗传连锁图谱,用复合区间作图法(CIM)共检测到了 16个柱头外露率相关的QTLs,包括7个控制柱头单外露率的QTLs、4个控制柱头双外露率的QTLs、5个控制柱头总外露率的QTLs.这些QTLs分别位于第1、2、4、5、7和8染色体上,贡献率介于4.70％～18.00％.其中位于第1和4染色体上的QTLs在两年的试验中均被重复的检测到.这些检测到的QTLs为分子标记辅助选择培育高柱头外露率的不育系提供了基因资源.

'越光'是一种短园粒水稻品种,自1953年在日本一开始推广种植,就是日本人最喜欢的大米.即使大面积推广种植50多年之后的现在,由于其米质优良和长期形成的消费口碑,也依然是日本水稻最大种植推广品种.为全面了解'越光'品种育种过程和其特有的农艺性状以及控制有利性状基因组信息,我们以"Koshihikari:a premium short-grain ricecultivar-its expansion and breeding in Japan"文章为最主要参考文献并加以摘译,对其历史进行梳理,同时对当前中国优质稻育种提出了个人的思考.

利用水稻苗期转录组数据,分析在高温处理条件下不同时间段基因表达水平变化,筛选出可能参与高温热害的基因.LOC_Os04g04970、LOC_Os03g15960和LOC_Os03g51459,其在受到热处理1 h的表达水平显著上调,随着热处理的时间延长,其表达水平逐渐降低,可能与热处理相关.该研究可为进一步揭示水稻苗期高温热害分子生物学研究提供参考.

为了探索稻虾综合种养水稻品种的适应性和丰产性,对生产上审定推广的16个水稻新品种进行观察和鉴定,结合品种的产量、株型、长势长相、熟期转色、抗病性、抗倒性、耐热性、品质等进行综合分析.结果表明,桃优香占、徽两优630、隆两优1318、两优671、荃两优丝苗、隆两优899、卓两优1998、隆两优3463、晶两优534、两优688共10个品种较适合用作稻虾综合种养和稻渔综合种养模式的主推品种.其中,桃优香占、徽两优630、两优671共3个品种是适宜稻田小龙虾苗种繁育的主推品种.

该试验对两优289进行了人工栽插和机插秧2种种植方式,采用210kg/hm2、240 kg/hm2、270 kg/hm2纯氮3个肥料水平,探讨该组合的适应性和抗倒性.结果表明,两优289适应不同的栽培方式,在高氮肥条件下,人工栽插实际产量10466.76kg/hm2,机插秧实际产量9186.36kg/hm2,证明该组合具有适应广、耐肥抗倒伏等特点.

DNA mismatch repair (mismatch repair, MMR) is an important way of DNA damage repair, and it is mainly used to repair the lack of a single or a few bases, insert and mismatch in the process of DNA damage occurred when DNA synthesis and genetic re-combination in the cell, which is very important to maintain genomic stability and DNA replication fidelity. MMR systems are very conservative in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It was found that the occurrence of cancer is closely associated with functional defect of the Muts-protein family in the study of human DNA repair system. Similarly, it has been found that functional defect of the Muts-protein family will appear gene mutant or phenotypes in the Arabidopsis and rice, which will lay the foundation for the further study of plant functional gene analysis and breeding. In this paper, the author reviewed recent advances in the research of mismatch repair of plant DNA and the function of related genes, especially the mutations caused by plant MMR functional defects and microsatellite in-stability. It is suggested that MMR mutants can be used as a reference for further breeding of MMR-deficient mutants.

The indica black glutinous rice variety Pinhei 1 was bred and could be used for producing functional rice products.In this paper,the origination of its parental lines,breeding procedure,agronomical and nutritional parame?ters was presented.The selenium content of the variety from four sources was among 0.035~0.57 mg/kg with a mean of 0.29 mg/kg,which reached the standard of selenium-fortification.Concentrations of iron and zinc were 15%and 4 times above the lowest detection limits,respectively.Following the standardized production procedures,the concen?tration of cadmium,a heavy metal pollutant,was under the lowest detection limit,which was 4-5 times lower than the national safety limitation.Such product could be considered organic.

为探讨东南亚水稻亲本间的遗传多样性,以东南亚62份籼型水稻亲本为材料,选择29对水稻功能基因标记以及平均分布于12条染色体、多态性较高和条带清晰的72对SSR引物进行遗传多样性和聚类分析.结果表明,32对多态性引物在62份水稻材料中检测到201个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数(Na)变异范围为2 ～12,平均为6.281;有效等位基因数(Ne)变异范围为1.067～5.399,平均为2.867;多态信息含量(pIC)变异范围为0.061～0.789,平均为0.515;平均Shannon信息指数(I)为1.176,变幅为0.143 ～ 1.908;观察杂合度(Ho)为0.977,范围为0.936 ～ 1.000;期望杂合度(He)为0.439,范围为0.179 ～ 0.937;固定指数(Fis)的范围为0.882 ～1.000;基因流(Nn)的范围为0～0.0157.聚类分析表明,在遗传相似系数为0.805处,东南亚水稻亲本被分为6大类,同一国家大多数品种聚为一类.相对于普通分子标记,功能基因标记的平均等位基因数不高,其遗传多样性参数也低于普通分子标记,东南亚各国水稻品种间的亲缘关系较近,遗传多样性程度较低.研究结果为水稻育种亲本选配、新种质资源的创制以及杂种优势利用等提供了科学依据.

The standard operation procedure of producing parental seeds was established with the purpose of providing high quality parental seeds for producing the two-line hybrid rice Liangyou 289. A total area of 15.3 hm 2 was used to produce the CMS line 1892S in 2013. On average, there produced 2.265 million panicles per hm 2, with 165.5 total grains per panicle, the seed setting rate is 83.9%, the 1000-grain weight is 23.0 g, the yield is 5788.5 kg/hm 2 and the purity of the produced seeds is over 99.98%.

采用168kg/hm2、240kg/hm22种纯氮肥料水平条件下，施用地福来有机肥料可增加单株有效穗和平均穗粒数，且随着地福来用量的增加产量逐步提供，理论产量分别达到10342.84kg/hm2和10624.26 kg/hm2，比对照增产18.04%和9.73%。实际产量分别为9789.00kg/hm2和10059.00kg/hm2，比对照增产7.55%和7.99%。

两优289是湖北谷神种业科技有限公司和安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所联合选育的两系杂交中籼稻新组合,于2012年4月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,具有产量高、米质较优、抗倒性好、适应性广和易制种等特点.总结了其栽培和制种技术要点.

Liangyou 289 is a newly released two-line mid-season indica rice hybrid bred collaboratively by the rice research institute of Anhui academy of agricultural sciences and Hubei Gushen Sci-Tech Co., Ltd.. Its growth period is 135 days. It has about 110 cm of plant height with a small leaf inclination angle. The variety is tolerant to over-fertilization and lodging, with high and stable yield potentials. The mechanic transplanting techniques for this variety including seedling raising technique, mechanic transplanting technique and the corresponding field management technique of mechanic transplanted rice seedlings were introduced. The techniques could realize objectives of cost-saving, labor-saving, yield-increasing and high efficiency.

京科220是北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心以株型紧凑、耐密植、抗倒伏、抗多种病害、高产稳产为育种目标选育而成的玉米新品种。介绍京科220的特征特性，分析其在安徽、河南省的引种情况，总结其栽培技术，以促进该品种的推广应用。

[Objective] The research aimed to introduce characteristics,yield planting in Fengtai and cultivation techniques with high yield of Huiliangyou 6.[Method] Huiliangyou 6 was released by Anhui Crop Varieties Registration Committee in 2008 and was awarded a super rice variety by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2010.This variety shows advantage in phenotypic traits,lodging resistance,grains per panicle,grain filling rate and moderate growth period.The variety has improved ecological suitability,high yield potential and resistance to disease and adversity,bears high quality rice with improved taste.Under optimal cultivation in Fengtai County in 2009,Huiliangyou 6 shows as follow: The average number of effective tillers around 262.80×104 /hm2,the average grain number per spike 197.1,the average number of filled grains per panicle 168.5,the average ripening rate 85.5%,the average 1 000-seed weight 28.0 g,the average theoretical yield 12.40 t/hm2.It is necessary to follow the scientific and reasonable planting management techniques in field and growing seedling techniques of fertile soil and dry nursery.[Conclusion] The study lays a basis for deep popularization and application of Huiliangyou 6 in Fengtai and the other areas with the same conditions.

系统介绍了两系杂交稻1892S系列种子在海南种植进行纯度鉴定的步骤和方法,以及2010年的鉴定结果.2010年有鉴定样共计209个,其中147个皖稻153鉴定样,纯度96%以上的95个,占皖稻153样本总数的64.6%,纯度98%以上的41个样,占27.9%;42个徽两优6号鉴定样,纯度96%以上的21个,占50%,纯度98%以上的14个,占33.3%;20个徽两优3号鉴定样,纯度96%以上的15个,占75%,纯度98%以上的9个,占45%.根据温敏核不育系在海南表现和农艺性状表现特点,提出了提高其鉴定准确度的方法.

2009年在安徽巢湖制种基地进行两系杂交水稻徽两优6号（1892S/扬稻6号变异株）母本抛秧制种20 hm2,平均单产2.96 t/hm2,最高单产3.65 t/hm2,种子纯度99%以上。提出了该组合母本抛秧制种优质高产的配套技术。

Five developmental stages in comprehensive inspection and collection of rice germplasm in China were summarized.The current status and constraints in collecting and conserving rice germpalsm were discussed and relevant suggestions were provided which include stabilizing some specialized study groups focusing on scientific studies of the germplasm,establishing an effective and long-term policy in germplasm collection and conservation,strengthening the collaboration between managerial departments and germplasm conservation,and improving the screening and identification of germplasm collection.