新型冠状病毒具有极强的传染性,为有效避免疾病传播和交叉感染风险,解决北京城市副中心无独立救护车洗消站的现状,根据《加强首都公共卫生应急管理体系建设三年行动计划(2020-2022年)》及《北京市救护车洗消站建设参考规范(试行)》要求,就救护车洗消站选址与建设、洗消设备配置、洗消操作流程和规范、规章制度等方面进行了探讨和实践.

Under the leadership of the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee and the Beijing Municipal Health Commission, the Beijing Emergency Center, as the designated medical institution for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, has completed the first aid support task of this Winter Olympic Games with other medical institutions. The author systematically analyzed the development of each link in the pre-hospital emergency support for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, summarizes the key links of the entire Winter Olympics cycle, such as the construction of the organizational system, the formulation of support plans, and the training of support personnel, and analyzed the results of related work, so as to provide reference for the pre-hospital emergency support for China to host large-scale international events in the future.

基于北京市120院前医疗急救道路交通伤害相关资料,分析道路交通伤害的区域差异,指出道路交通伤害具有明显的地域分布,存在中度以上的空间聚集,对于指导区域内院前医疗急救资源配置和"绿色通道"建立具有一定参考意义.

Objective:To study the average pre-hospital emergency response time in Yanqing District, and to understand the level of pre-hospital emergency system in Yanqing District.Methods:Based on the 120 dispatch information database of Beijing Emergency Medical Center, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 27, 621 first-aid cases in Yanqing District from 2015 to 2020, which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:The average pre-hospital emergency response time in Yanqing District from 2015 to 2020 were 16.45(18.44) min, 16.02(14.76) min, 15.91(13.12) min, 16.29(13.22) min, 14.51(11.18) min and 13.23(10.19) min, respectively; in 2020, the average response time of pre-hospital emergency was less than that of other years, and there were significant differences. The average percentile of pre-hospital emergency response time in each year was shortened, and the proportion in 12 minutes was increased obviously.Conclusions:From 2015 to 2020, the average pre-hospital emergency response time in Yanqing District has significantly been shortened, and the construction of emergency medical service system achieves good results.To ensure the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, the emergency medical service system should be further improved.

目的 分析北京市境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)病例流行病学特征及口岸防控措施效果,为构建科学有效境外输入疫情防控体系提供参考依据.方法 收集北京市2020年2月29日-2021年10月29日境外输入新冠肺炎病例,从诊断类别、临床分型、人群分布、时间分布、来源国分布、诊疗情况等进行统计分析.结果 境外输入新冠肺炎病例436例,其中确诊病例297例,无症状感染者139例.确诊病例中轻型126例,普通型171例,无重型、危重型病例,无死亡病例.境外输入病例男女比例1.32:1,年龄中位数28(22,38)岁,以20～＜40岁261例,占59.86％.病例来源国分布在48个国家或地区(包括中国台湾、香港),前三位分别为英国(91例,占20.87％)、西班牙(48例,占11.01％)、菲律宾(41例,占9.40％).境外输入病例入境到诊断时间间隔中位数为4(1,28)d,确诊病例入境到诊断时间间隔短于无症状感染者,差异有统计学意义(t=2.163,P=0.032).境外输入病例诊断至治愈时间间隔中位数为17(12,28)d,确诊病例诊断至治愈时间长于无症状感染者,差异有统计学意义(t=10.968,P＜0.000 1).结论 北京市境外输入新型肺炎病例具有较明显的流行病学特征,外防输入是疫情防控工作的重点,口岸是重中之重.

Background: Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing. Methods: We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS. Findings: By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%. Interpretation: On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. (C) 2020 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective:To analysis the clinical characteristics of The clinical characteristics of using automated external defibrillation in the public place,To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of AED application in public places in China.Methods:From January 2014 to April 5, 2019, 54 cases of on-site emergency medical records of AED use in public places in China were analyzed retrospectively from three aspects: patient and AED user attributes, and AED clinical performance.Results:After field application of AED analysis, 54 patients did not have out of hospital cardiac arrest in 9 patients; cardiac arrest in 45 patients, cerebral resuscitation in 40 patients (88.9%), death in 5 patients (11.1%), one of them died in hospital. The accuracy of AED for defibrillation rhythm recognition and defibrillation recommendations was 100%. The success rate of shock to VF was 97.22%, and that of non pulse VT was 100%. The data shows that AEDs of different brands show clinical effectiveness in the core indicators of work. The operation level of the rescuer determines the critical time of AED shock, which is closely related to the prognosis of the patient ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:AED is reliable and effective in electric shock decision and performance.The overall efficiency of AED application can be improved by strengthening training, shortening the critical time of electric shock, rational configuration and effective management.

应急演练是训练、检验、评估、改进应急能力及应急管理水平的核心手段[1],也是应急准备的重要内容之一,演练质量直接关系到突发事件发生后的应对处置效果[2].2019北京世界园艺博览会(简称“北京世园会”)是经国际园艺生产者协会批准,由中国政府主办、北京市承办的最高级别的世界园艺博览会,自2019年4月28日开幕至2019年10月9日闭幕,为期162天,共接待各类入园参观人数934万人次,会期共举办3 284场文化活动[3].大型公众集会的一个重要危险因素是踩踏事故[4-5].为做好北京世园会期间医疗应急保障工作,确保园区内发生突发事件时,紧急医疗救援能够做到迅速反应、及时到位、有效处置,北京急救中心与北京市延庆区卫生健康委联合北京世园局于开幕前组织了2019北京世园会模拟踩踏事故紧急医疗救援应急演练.笔者对此次演练进行了回顾分析,现报道如下.

北京作为全国政治中心、文化中心、国际交往中心和科技创新中心,召开具有国际影响力的重要会议日益增多,举办各类大型活动、会议、体育赛事、重要展会、文化交流也日益频繁,北京急救中心作为北京市院前急救的重要力量,承担着各类大型活动和重要会议的医疗保障任务.现通过北京急救中心2015年1月—2018年12月完成的3132次大型活动院前急救保障任务总结和分析,分享工作中的经验,为今后院前急救在医疗保障中提供更好医疗服务打下基础.

医疗保障工作是各类重要会议组织工作中必不可少的一部分.近些年,北京急救中心多次执行各类重要会议医疗保障任务,但远赴杭州异地参与重要会议医疗保障尚属首次,共派出30辆救护车、104人组成的峰会医疗保障队,圆满完成此次医疗保障任务.本研究介绍了赴杭州与杭州急救中心共同执行2016中国杭州国际峰会医疗保障任务的基本情况,包括组织管理、具体实施、工作流程、注意事项等,通过执行此次异地医疗保障任务,加强了与当地同仁的沟通交流、积累了异地医疗保障经验、锻炼了医疗保障队伍、完善了工作制度、细化了工作流程,为探索建立异地医疗保障工作管理模式积累了经验.

Objective To summarize the Pre-hospital emergency quality management of 120 affiliated with the district and county in Beijing. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the workload of Pre-hospital emergency, the rate of complaint, the 90-minute timeout rate of the mission and the 2-minute timeout rate of the start driving, during the period of 2012-2014. Results The 90-minute timeout rate of the mission and the 2-minute timeout rate of the start driving were markedly reduced,the workload of 120 affiliated with the district and county in Beijing increased year by year, the rate of complaint declined year by year. Conclusion The gradual improvement of the organization and system is an important guarantee for the quality management. The pre-hospital emergency quality management of 120 affiliated with the district and county in Beijing has obvious effect.

目的:调查分析北京市120急救网络院前急救人员的流失情况,为稳定院前急救网络急救队伍提供理论依据.方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2012~2015年期间北京市急救网络96个急救分中心(站)院前急救人员流失情况进行普查.结果:3年时间,急救人员流失共369人,其中急救医生187人、急救护士116人、救护车司机50人、担架员10人、调度员6人;流失的主要原因为薪资待遇低,院前急救工作风险高、单位无法解决个人编制问题、缺少院前急救独立的职称评定体系、职业发展受限,院前急救工作强度大、体力消耗大、无法受到应有的尊重.结论:院前急救网络急救人员流失严重,影响了院前急救队伍的稳定性,应采取增加财政经费投入,建立合理薪酬待遇等措施来提高北京市院前急救网络院前急救人员的稳定性.

地理信息系统是将普通信息管理系统与矢量图形结合在一起，基于空间信息进行各种属性数据的统计、分析和处理并提供决策支持的系统。本文结合地理信息系统的特点和院前急救的需求，将地理信息系统（GIS）引入院前急救，从地理信息系统的定义、内容、功能等着手，对GIS在急救站展示、呼叫信息分布、院前急救网络规划、最佳救援路径分析、移动GIS、突发事件应急处置等方面的具体应用进行探索，并对GIS应用于院前急救提出一些思考。

院外急救是急救医疗服务最前沿阵地,是急救中心(站)组织管理水平和快速反应能力的综合体现,对疾病的治疗和转归起着关键性的作用.开展快速、及时、有效地抢救、转运工作,极大程度地减少伤亡,是急救医疗服务体系发展的目标.随着经济快速发展,社会工业化和现代化进程不断加快,各种社会问题、急性中毒、传染病爆发等事件不断出现;以交通事故、自然灾害等意外伤害为主的重大事故不断上升,急救医疗服务的需求在逐年递增,对于开展急救医疗服务的要求越来越高,难度越来越大,现有的急救资源难以满足人们日益不断增长的急救医疗服务需要.

Taking the location of emergency stations in Fangshan district as an example,the paper introduces geographic information system(GIS) technology into site selection of emergency stations.Based on analyzing current location status,corresponding model is constructed,site selection of emergency stations and vehicle deployment are optimized through calculation,the location is more reasonable, so as to meet the demands of local residents' emergency call better.

院外急救是指由通讯、运输和医疗基本要素所构成的专业急救机构,在病人到达医院外实施的现场救治和途中监护的医疗行为[1] .院外急救是急救医疗服务最前沿阵地,是急救中心、急救站组织管理水平和快速反应能力的综合体现,对疾病的治疗和转归起着关键性的作用.而急救站合理布局是开展快速、及时、有效地抢救、转运工作和极大程度地减少伤亡的前提和基础.