柑橘溃疡病是柑橘类果树主要的细菌性传染病害之一,在我国柑橘产区分布广泛,具有危害重、传播快、寄主广、难根治等特点.近年来国内外相关专家学者对柑橘溃疡病及其防治方法进行了系统研究,取得了诸多成果.分析柑橘溃疡病的发生特点,发现其每年4月上旬开始发病,直至11月均有发生,5月下旬、7月上旬、9月下旬至10月上旬为发病高峰期;高温、多雨、大风天气有利于柑橘溃疡病的发生,夏梢发病最严重,秋梢次之,春梢较轻.综述柑橘溃疡病致病菌侵染过程(主要侵染柑橘的叶、枝、梢和果实,新抽发的嫩梢、嫩叶、幼叶和未成熟叶、幼果等更易感染.)、检测方法(主要有常规检测法、激光检测法、现代分子检测技术、图像识别智能检测技术)及其绿色防控技术(农业防治、生物防治、科学用药、治虫控病)研究进展.

青柚具有较高的营养价值和保健功能.云南拥有独特的气候环境和区位优势,加上在政策和市场的引领下,使得青柚产业在云南具有较好的发展前景.为推进云南省青柚产业进一步发展,文章对青柚产业在云南的发展优势和存在问题进行分析,并提出了促进青柚产业高质量发展的途径及对策.

[目的]通过对青皮红心柚果实农艺性状的分析研究,筛选出优异种质,为青皮红心柚种质资源评价、品种选育及创新利用提供材料基础和理论依据.[方法]对47份青皮红心柚种质果实的单果质量、挂果数、单株产量、纵径、横径、果形指数等12个农艺性状进行遗传变异性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析以及优异种质筛选.[结果]47份种质具有丰富的遗传多样性;部分性状间存在相关性;主成分分析可将12个性状归为4个主成分,累计贡献率为73.733％,分别反映青皮红心柚的果实大小、产量性状、外观性状和果形特征;聚类分析可将47个种质分为5个类群.根据对果实农艺性状综合分析,初步筛选出14份优异种质,其中312表现最好,其次是518、420和421.[结论]初步判定了青皮红心柚不同品种果实农艺性状的差异,可为品种选育和生产利用提供参考.

青柚以成熟早、品质优、口感佳、耐储存、效益好等特点成为云南省河口县近年来发展的新兴产业之一,全县种植面积约1333 hm2,产量高达2.25万吨,产值2亿余元.河口青柚病虫害主要有炭疽病、溃疡病、煤烟病、疮痂病、绿藻病;柑橘全爪螨(红蜘蛛)、黄蜘蛛、蓟马、潜叶蛾、小绿象甲、绿磷象甲、柚粉蚧、白粉虱、橘小实蝇、蛞蝓等.病虫害防控是青柚栽培中的关键环节,对青柚果实产量和品质影响大.为了实现河口青柚产业的绿色、健康、可持续发展,分析了河口青柚主要病虫害的发生特点及防治现状,探讨了通过绿色防控技术提升青柚病虫害防控水平的措施.

为筛选出适宜青皮红心柚生产使用的果袋,试验对比了双层纸袋、白色纸袋和透光塑料袋3种材质果袋对青皮红心柚柚果外观性状及内在品质影响.结果显示套袋处理可以提高单果质量,对可食率、果实纵径、果实横径和果型指数均有一定影响,但未达到显著差异;对比发现白色纸袋和透光塑料袋显著提高了果实的可溶性固形物、总糖、固酸比和VC的含量,不会改变青皮红心柚绿色果表的商品特征,但透光塑料袋处理的果实有明显日灼斑,商品果率低.在3种材质的果袋中,白色纸袋处理柚果果表绿色,且果面光滑,无明显病虫害和日灼斑,商品率100％.综合评价套袋对果实外观性状及内在品质的影响,白色纸袋套袋护果的效果最好,适宜在青皮红心柚生产中推广使用.

[目的]分析柚种质资源的亲缘关系,为近一步加强遗传改良提供参考依据.[方法]利用SSR分子标记技术对取自不同地方的35份柚种质资源进行遗传多样性分析.[结果]从51对SSR引物中共挑选出31对多态性高、稳定性好、条带清晰的引物,它们对35份柚种质资源具有良好的区分能力;35份材料的遗传相似系数在0.00～0.25,平均为0.125;聚类分析表明,在相似系数为0.214时,35份材料分为3大组,第1组在遗传距离0.25处将强德勒柚和平阳柚归为一类;第2组包括暹罗低酸柚、早熟暹罗柚、泰国柚、梅州沙田柚、缅甸柚等20份资源,相似系数在0.178～0.012;糸岛柚、高浦柚、红热青柚及其亲本为第3组.[结论]柚资源表现出丰富的遗传多样性,为柚资源的保护、品种鉴定及遗传改良提供借鉴与依据.

云南省河口县雨量充沣,气候高温、高湿,是柚子溃疡病的高发区.本文就河口柚子种植园溃疡病的发病规律及防治方法进行了相关研究.河口热区柚子溃疡病的发病规律是以夏末秋初为发病高峰期;以山梁当风区域为病重区.针对性地提出了综合防治措施:严把种苗质量、加强肥水管理培壮树势、适时防治.

为提高马槟榔种子萌发率,促进幼苗生长,以新鲜采集的马槟榔种子为材料,采用不同浓度的高锰酸钾(KMnO4)、硝酸钾(KNO3)和双氧水(H2 O2)进行浸种处理,研究不同处理对马槟榔种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,高浓度的KMnO4、KNO3和H2 O2,显著提高马槟榔种子的发芽势和发芽率,其中20 mg·L-1 KNO3浸种处理,发芽率为97.34％,发芽势为73.52％;5 mg·L-1 KMnO4浸种处理发芽率为98.00％,发芽势为73.83％;3 mg·L-1 H2 O2浸种发芽率为98.67％,芽势为63.43％.其次,不同浸种处理对马槟榔幼苗株高的生长也存在显著影响,以浓度为15 mg·L-1 KNO3、2 mg·L-1KMnO4、1 mg·L-1 H2O2效果最好,株高分别达到17.80、14.40、19.20 cm.不同处理对马槟榔幼苗根长的生长也有显著影响,效果最显著的处理浓度为15 mg·L-1 KNO3,4 mg·L-1 KMnO4,1 mg·L-1 H2 O2,根长分别为8.00、8.94、10.90 cm.综上所述,3 mg·L-1 H2 O2浸种24 h处理是促进马槟榔种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳条件.

采用定点调查与普查相结合的方法,对云南省河口县柚生产区病虫害分布、危害情况及种类进行调查,结果鉴定出危害云南河口县柚生产的病害11种、虫害45种.对病虫害的分布、危害特点作了分析.从适时控梢放梢、保花护果、品种选择、果园管理几个方面提出合理的防治建议.

通过对云南河口地区橡胶炭疽病、六点始叶螨进行连续监测,并收集相关气象资料,结果显示:(1)该地区橡胶炭疽病主要在嫩叶时期发生和流行,流行以多峰波浪型和单峰弓型为主,每年有2次危害高峰,菌量和感病组织是病害流行的基本条件,高温多雨是病害流行的主导因素;(2)六点始叶螨流行方式为渐发型,每年通常有2～3个高峰期,分别发生在4月、6月和9月,连续的晴朗干旱天气有利于六点始叶螨的繁殖及爆发,而阴雨潮湿天气能抑制六点始叶螨的危害程度;(3)在相同的气候类型、橡胶品系及立地环境条件下,不同海拔高度的橡胶炭疽病、六点始叶螨发病规律基本一致,但年际变化规律及变化幅度有所不同,而相同海拔高度的橡胶炭疽病和六点始叶螨之间存在非显著正相关关系.

Through to hot and humid areas in Hekou County of Yunnan Province mango Garden 5 kinds of main diseases and insect pests damage rules are investigated, according to the investigation of the mango powdery mildew, anthracnose, mango horizontal tail moth, mango cut weevil, Bactrocera dorsalis, 5 which heavier degree of plant diseases and insect pests occurrence of the harmfulness of the correlation analysis, also to Hekou area mango pest insect natural enemies of collect, survey and identification, investigation and identification results show that there are 24 species of natural enemies of insects, including 11 species of parasitoids, belonging to 5 families, 2 orders; 21 species of predators belonging to 5 orders, 8 families. The investigation result has important significance for the scientific development of biological control measures.

Methods the investigation and comprehensive combination of general, south of Yunnan, mango production area in southeastern Yunnan mango pest distribution, harm and surveyed the species. Through the identification of refer to the relevant information and the laboratory of plant diseases and insect pests, identified disease 25, there are 61 kinds of pests. Analysis of distribution and differences dry region and wet area of South and Southeast Yunnan mango production of pests. The survey results for the scientific development of comprehensive prevention and control measures of mango disease, it has important significance to protect the southern, Southeastern Yunnan mango planting industry sustained and healthy development.

This paper was made the banana formulated fertilization comparison between using the parameter of incomplete fertilization and nutrient from soil with traditional fertilization.The results showed that formulated fertilization not only saved cost,increased output and income,but also played an important role in overcoming the bland fertilization by experience,improving the level of scientific fertilization technique,provided guidance for high yield and efficiency of the banana cultivation.

Corynespora leaf fall disease and anthracnose are common diseases simultaneously occurred in rubber leaf.Of four tested fungicides,chemical chlorothalonil shows the best control effect for both diseases(up to 80.05% and 74.12% respectively),which is significantly higher than the other ones.

Comparative experiment of banana was conducted in a successively plantation of Hekou.The effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on growth and yield of banana was reviewed.Nutrients absorption and utilization of banana are assessed based on the soil&plant nutrients,and will offer support for the fertilization application in a balance formula of next year.

It reports the corynespora leaf fall disease(CLFD)caused by Corynespora cassiicala on rubber trees in Southeast Yunnan of 2009.Temperature and rainfall are the major affecting factors,heavy rainfall can result in more serious disease while drought inhibits to some degree.

Investigation on corynispora leaf fall has been done from 2008 to 2010,the results indicated that disease peak occurred after August in young and adult rubber plantations,which mainly infected rubber leaf in the very early light green and more dark color.

In 2009,an investigation was carried out to review the actual loss of natural rubber and its recovery from cold damage in the year of 2007 to 2008.The results showed there was great difference in cold resistance for different clones,and monoclone in some rubber farms seemed more easier to be affected by this disaster.Furthermore,remedial measures weren’t taken in accordance with the Rubber Tree Cultivation Technical Regulations for recovery.It suggests that further study on reducing loss in or after cold injury should be done based on the Regulations.