以波叶青牛胆的茎段为插条,采用三因素三水平正交实验设计,研究基质、ABT浓度以及浸泡时间对波叶青牛胆扦插成活的影响,并在正交试验最优组合的基础上做进一步优化试验.结果表明,3种因素对波叶青牛胆生根的影响从大到小依次为A(基质)、C(浸泡时间)、B(ABT浓度),优组合为A1B2C1;对发芽效果的影响从大到小为C(浸泡时间)、A(基质)、B(ABT浓度),发芽效果的优组合为A2B3C1;对扦插效果的影响从大到小为A(基质)、C(浸泡时间)、B(ABT浓度),优组合为A1B2C1;优化实验中,最优组合为河沙+ABT 400 mg/L+浸泡2～10 min,此处理组合的波叶青牛胆生根率高、腐烂率低、根系发达、粗壮、发芽率较高,且植株健壮.

对云南河口低热河谷地区的南美油藤进行3种种植密度(A 150 cm×200 cm、B 200 cm×200 cm、C 250 cm×250 cm)试验,并对其生长量及产量影响的栽培试验研究,结果表明:3种种植密度的茎围增长量在夏季随气温的升高而迅速生长,冬季随气温的降低长势趋于缓慢,茎围增长量在一年中呈慢-快-慢的变化趋势;密度250 cm×250 cm的茎围增长量显著高于密度150 cm×200 cm和200 cm×200 cm,现蕾期、初花期、初果期及成熟期均提前;全年单株脱壳前、脱壳后、种仁总产量、单果重为密度250 cm×250 cm>200 cm×200 cm>150 cm×200 cm,各种植密度之间全年单株脱壳前、脱壳后和种仁总产量差异达显著性水平,200 cm×200 cm、250 cm×250 cm的单果重无显著性差异,但是与150 cm×200 cm的差异达显著性水平.3种密度的种仁出油率无显著性差异.密度小的长势及产量均优于密度大的,即定植时适当增大株行距有利于南美油藤的生长和产量的提高.

比较分析了云南河口和景洪2个试验点橡胶树无性系生长和叶片表型性状的差异,旨在揭示不同地理环境下橡胶树无性系苗期生长和叶片性状的表型可塑性.以9个橡胶树无性系苗木为试材,分别测定了2个试验点内苗木的茎粗、株高、叶蓬数、叶面积、叶周长、叶长、叶宽、长宽比、比叶面积和叶片组织相对含水量.结果 表明,参试的9个无性系在单个试验点内生长和叶片性状等10个指标差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)或显著水平(P＜0.05);而2个试验点间茎粗、株高、叶长、叶周长和长宽比差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01),叶蓬数、叶面积、叶片相对含水量和比叶面积差异达显著水平(P＜0.05),叶宽差异未达到显著水平;河口试验点苗木的茎粗、株高、叶蓬数、叶面积、叶周长、叶长及长宽比均大于景洪试验点,而比叶面积和叶片相对含水量则小于景洪试验点.在可塑性方面,河口试验点较景洪试验点生长量更大,叶片更长、更大,其中614和621两个无性系生长可塑性更强,272、551、553和621号等无性系在叶面积、叶长和叶周长等方面可塑性更强.相关性分析表明,2个试验点苗木株高均与叶长和叶周长呈显著正相关,而与叶蓬数关系不显著;代表叶片大小的10个叶片性状在2个试验区内均呈显著正相关.系统聚类综合评价表明551、614和624号3个无性系在2个试验点生长表现较好、叶片较大.

以3年生辣木实生树为材料,采用三因素随机区组设计试验,研究不同种植密度、截干高度及采摘方式对其鲜叶和嫩梢产量的影响.结果表明:种植密度对叶梢产量有显著影响,截干高度、采摘方式对叶梢产量有极显著影响,3个因子对叶梢产量的影响大小依次为C(采摘方式)>B(截干高度)>A(种植密度),交互影响差异均不显著;随着种植密度的减小,单株辣木的叶、梢年总产量有增产趋势,且密度1.5 m×2.0 m、2.5 m×3.0 m的叶梢产量显著高于密度0.8 m×1.5 m;随着截干高度的增加,单株辣木的叶、梢年总产量有增产趋势,且截干高度1.6 m的叶、梢产量显著高于0.5 m和1.0 m;部分采摘方式的叶、梢产量高于全部采摘.因此,适当减小种植密度,即增大株行距,截干高度保持在1.6 m左右,每次采摘保留一定数量的分枝,可获得更高的鲜叶和嫩梢产量.

为了研究不同种植密度对辣木生长量及产量的影响,在云南河口开展3种种植密度(80 cm×150 cm、150 cm×200 cm、250 cm×300 cm)对辣木生长量及产量的影响试验.结果表明种植密度250 cm×300 cm的地径增长量显著高于种植密度80 cm×150 cm的,3种密度株高增长量差异不显著;种植密度250 cm×300 cm的辣木开花和种子成熟期比密度80 cm×150 cm的提前20 d左右;3种种植密度的结实率均较低,密度小的250 cm×300 cm的结实率和种子千粒重较大,即果实质量较高,但差异不显著.适当减小种植密度可促进辣木的生长及提高种子产量.

Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius) had four generations a year in Hekou, and lived through winter as pupa in the soil nearby the host plant. The adults of the fourth generation (over-wintering generation) emerged the earliest in mid May until early November. Peak infestations occurred from July to September. The larval development could be divided into 5 instars, and the fourth and fifth instar larvae grew fast with large appetite and were the main stage for infestation. The developmental duration of this pest was related to the temperature. The first generation time for this pest was the longest, about 42.7 days by average, and the second generation time was the shortest, about 29.4 days.

海巴戟是一种新型保健药食兼用的植物,具有广阔的市场前景和开发价值.本文介绍了云南河口2014～2016年引种试种海巴戟的生物学特性和生长适应性表现,为海巴戟保健产品的开发和应用积累了资料.

嘉宝果[Myrciaria cauliflora(DC.)Berg]为桃金娘科拟爱神木属热带亚热带常绿小乔木或大型灌木,俗称树葡萄,原产于巴西等地,近年来在我国成为一种新兴的热带水果,在园林、食品、医药保健品等领域都有较高的利用价值.本文通过对嘉宝果的生物学特性、营养成分、化合物成分、生物活性及利用前景进行综述,为开展嘉宝果的利用研究提供参考.

Hekou is one of the most suitable areas for the growth of Cinnamomum cassia Presl in China. Since the 1950s, it had once been a hot spot in scientific research and sectoral development, and witnessed several large-scale developments and certain achievements. However, with the development of economy and society, the decline of the profit of C. cassia planting, and the shifting of its scientific research, people were gradually withdrawn from the operation of C. cassia which was replaced by other tropical crops. Moreover, the development of urbanization and the encroachment of capital construction land caused destruction of a large area of cinnamon resources. The distribution status of C. cassia Presl resources was reviewed and a field survey was made of the natural regeneration capacity of C. cassia Presl in Hekou. The results showed that natural regeneration capacity of the existing artificial C. cassia was poor with the patterns of regeneration by either seeds or coppicing. Coppicing regeneration dominated in the forest;seed-based regeneration was found in the forest edge, but only seedlings without any mature trees. These two regeneration ways could not effectively help to regenerate and expand the population of C. cassia Presl.

根据河口县南溪镇427兵站龙眼种植基地多年的栽培管理经验,提出较系统的从选地建园、幼树管理到结果树管理的山地龙眼栽培措施和方法,为山地龙眼种植及管理提供参考.

本研究以空间代替时间的方法,用物种丰富度指数S值、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H值、Simpson优势度指数D值、Pielou均匀度指数Jsw、Alatalo指数Ea值来综合评价河口热区肉桂人工林群落特征,阐明该地肉桂林植被群落结构的变化规律,为该人工林的生态改良提供参考.结果表明,河口热区肉桂人工林样地内共有维管植物94种,隶属45科84属,物种组成以泛热带、热带亚洲等热带成分为主,毛桐(Mallotus barbatus)、臭牡丹(Clerodendrum bungei)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、华南毛蕨(Cyclosorus parasiticus)、华南鳞盖蕨(Microlepia hancei)、闭鞘姜(Costus speciosus)、海芋(Alocasia odora)等为主要优势物种.整个群落及其各垂直层次的各物种多样性指数在成熟林(15 a)以下波动较大,随着林龄增加多样性指数变化趋于稳定,其中中熟林(20 a)的群落结构最稳定,幼林(5 a)群落较不稳定.灌草层是该肉桂人工林的重要组成部分,建议在抚育采伐的过程中保护好灌草层植被群落.

The micro-cut tapping technology was applied to GT1 rubber trees that were planned for replanting.The results showed that the rubber trees tapped under the tapping system of S/4U d3 +ETG with gas filling once every 5 cuts or 15 days gave a net increase of yield by 61.1％,a remarkable increase in yield.There were advantages in higher tapping speed for the short cut and lower bark consumption.Analysis of two years of tapping experiment showed that micro-cut tapping with ethylene gas stimulation had a good potential to get more yield from the GT1 rubber trees that are planned for replanting,and is worthwhile to release for extension.

Weed species and their communities in Moringa plantations in low-hot river area in Hekou,Yurnan Province were investigated in 4 seasons.The results showed that there were 73 species of weeds belonging to 22 families and 65 genera in the Moringa plantations,of which there were 19 species of alien invasive weeds accounting for 26％ of the total weeds.The analysis of dominance of main weeds in four seasons showed that dominant weeds in spring,summer and autumn were Bidens pilosa,Digitaria sanguindis,Digitaria cruciata,Echinochloa colona,Eleusine indica,etc.Dominant weeds in winter were Bidens pilosa,Conyza canadensis and Gnaphalium affine.Among all the weeds,B.pilosa was a perennial dominant weed in all seasons and is hence a highly dominant alien invasive weed in all the weeds in 4 seasons.

Experiment of Plukenetia volubilis was carried out in Hekou of Yunnan Province. The results showed that Plukenetia volubilis can blossom, bear fruit and mature normally in low-heat conditions of Hekou. The yield of seed can reach to 1 230 kg per hecare with 40% to 45% of kernel oil. It`s susceptible to low temperature in Winter, cold damage would happen to leaf and branch. The flowering and fruiting would last from October to July of the next year, more male flowers than female ones, with little small fruit, that`s why the yield can`t be high. Further research on breeding against cold and cultivation management is necessary.

On the production of Moringa seedling germination rate is too low in Hekou, in the process of this study has taken a different seed treatment and substrate treatment method for test.The results showed that:the germination rate of 100mg/L KMnO4 solution and 1% carbendazim solution are lower than cold water. Different reagents influence on seedling growth status difference was not significant; Sand processing to the highest germination number, seedling in sand bed do best, plant height and stem circumference were superior to other substrates. The study result has a certain guiding significance of seeding.

气刺微割技术在RRIM600胶树再生皮上的初步试验结果表明,在再生皮上采用每周期5刀的刺激也有一定的增产效果,株净增产率7.2％,与对照相比产量增幅不大,但在提高割胶速度、降低耗皮量等方面均表现出气刺微割的技术优势.分析认为若提高气刺频率,在RRIM600再生皮上有可能取得更好的增产效果.

Trunk injection of nutrient solution fertilization was implemented on aging RRIM600 Hevea brasiliensis with the formulae of the same proportion but different densities. The latex yielding and nutrients content in leaves were recorded respectively after two and four month continuous infusion of different formulae. The results showed, under these scenarios, while trunk infusion fertilization has no significant effect on latex yielding, it has increasing effect on nutrients content in leaves. The nutrients content in leaves are generally increased after two month treatment with formulae of the same proportion but different densities, and significant variations emerged among distinct set of experiments after four month treatment. Thereinto, maximizing the nutrients content increment is the formula as follows: urea 0.1g/L,monopotassium phosphate 6.81 mg/L, potassium sulfate 50.6 mg/L, magnesium sulfate 34.5 mg/L, copper sulfate 1 mg/L, ferrous sulfate 1.39 g/L, manganese sulfate 2 mg/L, zinc sulfate 1 mg/L, boric acid 2 mg/L.

In 2009,an investigation was carried out to review the actual loss of natural rubber and its recovery from cold damage in the year of 2007 to 2008.The results showed there was great difference in cold resistance for different clones,and monoclone in some rubber farms seemed more easier to be affected by this disaster.Furthermore,remedial measures weren’t taken in accordance with the Rubber Tree Cultivation Technical Regulations for recovery.It suggests that further study on reducing loss in or after cold injury should be done based on the Regulations.

Costus speciosus was used as source for preparing pickled vegetable,dry salted pickles and dry crackers,which are found to be health food.

Top buds of branches of Costus speciosus were used for cutting for mass propagation of planting materials,and the cuttings had a survival rate of 95.6%～98.9%.Cultural patterns were also tried and selected,and the results found that planting under net shade was an optimum cultural pattern.Cuttings grown under the net shade yielded as high as 60 600 kg/ha of fresh tuber.