Rhizosphere microorganisms play crucial roles in regulating crop secondary metabolism and stress adaptation, yet the mechanisms by which they coordinately enhance both 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) and stress resistance in fragrant rice remain unclear. Here, we report a newly isolated a Rhizopus strain TYR1 (CGMCC NO: 42,112) from fragrant rice rhizosphere. Through field trials, pot experiments, hydroponics, and plate assays combined with transcriptomics, qRT-PCR, metabolite quantification, and enzyme activity analysis, we demonstrate that TYR1 specifically colonizes rice roots and simultaneously increases grain 2-AP content by 38.04

Soil salinity threatens crop yields, but the molecular basis of crop tolerance to salt stress remain not fully understood currently. This study establish OsWRKY72 enhances salt tolerance in rice via SKC1-mediated Na+ regulation. As a group IIc WRKY transcription factor, OsWRKY72 does not possess canonical transcriptional activation domains, and demonstrates nucleus-specific localization. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that OsWRKY72 was expressed in the roots, leaves, leaf sheaths and panicles​​ of rice, and its expression was induced by salt stress in most rice varieties. Promoter analysis combined with RT–qPCR data indicates OsWRKY72 is involved in various abiotic stress response processes, including salt, ABA, and drought. The oswrky72 mutant exhibited heightened salt sensitivity, evidenced by reduced biomass, chlorophyll content, and lower K+/Na+ in shoots under salinity compared to wild-type (WT). Mechanistically, OsWRKY72 directly binds the W-box in the SKC1 promoter to regulate Na+ transport, as demonstrated by promoter binding and ion content analyses. These findings not only establish OsWRKY72 as a pivotal transcriptional regulator in rice salt tolerance but also provide a theoretical foundation for the molecular genetic breeding of salt-tolerant rice.

Salt stress poses a severe threat to global rice productivity, and developing salt-tolerant cultivars represents a critical strategy to address this challenge. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in rice remain elusive. This study focuses on NGY1, a crossbred offspring between YF47 and SN9903, which showed superior salt tolerance compared to its parent lines during the seedling stage. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of seedlings harvested at distinct temporal stages of salt stress identified over 10,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG) revealed that NGY1 uniquely mobilized a broader repertoire of stress-responsive genes within shorter timeframes than its parents lines, particularly those associated with redox homeostasis, phytohormone signaling, and MAPK cascades. Meanwhile, NGY1 can rapidly upregulate genes related to salt tolerance compared to its parent during the initial stress phase. Additionally, differences in salt tolerance between NGY1 and its parents were linked to variations in alternative splicing and the high expression of certain NBS-LRR protein genes early in salt stress exposure. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance, but also provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of salt tolerance in rice.

Grain size in rice (Oryza sativa L.) shapes yield and quality, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We functionally characterized GRAIN NUMBER AND LARGE GRAIN SIZE 44 (GNL44), encoding a RING-type protein that localizes to the cytoplasm. The gnl44 mutant has fewer but enlarged grains compared to the wild type. GNL44 is mainly expressed in panicles and developing grains. Grain chalkiness was higher in the gnl44 mutant than in the wild type, short-chain amylopectin content was lower, middle-chain amylopectin content was higher, and appearance quality was worse. The amylose content and gel consistency of gnl44 were lower, and protein content was higher compared to the wild type. Rapid Visco Analyzer results showed that the texture of cooked gnl44 rice changed, and that the taste value of gnl44 was lower, making the eating and cooking quality of gnl44 worse than that of the wild type. We used gnl44, qgl3, and gs3 monogenic and two-gene near-isogenic lines to study the effects of different combinations of genes affecting grain size on rice quality-related traits. Our results revealed additive effects for these three genes on grain quality. These findings enrich the genetic resources available for rice breeders.

Salt stress affects the growth of rice, which reduces grain yield. However, the mechanism of the rice response to salt stress is not fully understood. The rice salt tolerance 31 (rst31) mutant exhibits longer shoots and greater dry weight than wild-type (WT) plants under salt stress conditions. Through map-based cloning and genetic complementation methods, we determined that RST31 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter protein, ABCG18. We showed that mutation of RST31 reduces DNA damage under salt stress, with less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The deficiency of RST31 suppressed the root-to-shoot transport of cytokinin, which resulted in a decrease in cytokinin content in the shoot and an increase in cytokinin content in the root. ROS accumulated abundantly in WT and rst31 mutant plants after exogenous treatment with trans-zeatin, reducing rst31 tolerance of salt stress. Collectively, our results suggest that high cytokinin level in shoots leads to an increase in ROS content and severe DNA damage under salt stress, which lead to sensitivity to salt stress. These findings enhance our understanding of plant responses to salt stress through cytokinin pathways.

>Seed storage proteins and their abundance are closely related to the formation of rice quality and grain size. A better understanding of the molecular basis of seed storage proteins will provide important information for developing new rice breeding strategies. In this study, we report that a seed storage protein albumin, named OsRAL5, positively regulates rice quality and grain size.

Amylose content, the key determinant of rice eating and cooking quality, is regulated primarily by the Waxy (Wx) gene. We adjusted the amylose content and transparency of semi-glutinous japonica rice carrying the Wxmp allele by genome editing of upstream open reading frame 6 (uORF6) of Wx.

机插水稻肥料侧位深施是一项高效环保的施肥技术,但肥料减施对水稻产量和米质的影响尚不明确.试验以优良食味超级稻品种南粳3908为材料,设置常规施氮(总施氮量300 kg/hm2),同时在基肥(施氮量180 kg/hm2)侧位深施条件下设置不同穗肥减氮处理,包括穗肥不减、穗肥减氮10％、穗肥减氮20％、穗肥减氮30％、穗肥减氮40％,共6个处理,研究不同施肥处理对水稻产量形成和稻米品质的影响效应.结果表明,基肥侧位深施穗肥不减的处理产量水平最高(10.8 t/hm2),但较常规施氮并不能显著提高水稻产量,基肥侧位深施可以在减少氮肥用量10％ ～20％的同时确保水稻产量不降,主要是结实率的提高弥补了有效穗数和每穗粒数下降导致的库容量不足,同时促进干物质的转运,提高收获指数,有效弥补了生物产量的减少.减少穗肥施氮量不利于提高稻米加工品质和蛋白质含量,但有利于提高外观品质和食味值,随着穗肥施氮量的减少,南粳3908稻米淀粉黏性变优,其RVA谱特征值如峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度有上升趋势,而起始糊化温度降低.研究表明,应用基肥侧位深施技术,可以在氮肥用量减少10％ ～20％(即总施氮量240～270 kg/hm2)的条件下保证水稻产量,同时提高稻米外观品质和食味值,实现水稻优质高产高效生产.本研究为优良食味粳稻氮肥合理施用提供了科学依据.

南粳盐1号是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所以沈农9903为母本、耐盐粳稻品种盐丰47为父本杂交,于2017年育成的一个优质、早熟、综合丰产性好的耐盐粳稻新品种.该品种株型紧凑,群体整齐度好,抗倒性较强,全生育期148.8 d,比对照盐稻12号早熟2.7 d.南粳盐1号株高88.1 cm,穗长15.4 cm,有效穗数19.0万个/667m2,总粒数123.3粒/穗,结实率86.8％,千粒质量25.5 g.2018-2019年2年的稻瘟病综合指数均为5.0,穗颈瘟损失率最高级均为5级,白叶枯病抗性2年最高级均为5级;2018年条纹叶枯病发病率为13.3％,表现为3级;2019年条纹叶枯病发病率为21.8％,表现为5级.2019年0.5％土壤盐浓度下苗期耐盐级别为5级,0.3％盐浓度下全生育期鉴定为3级.稻米品质达农业行业标准NY/T 593-2021《食用稻品种品质》2级.2021年通过国家农作物新品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为国审稻20210451,适宜在江苏省、山东省沿黄稻瘟病轻发的粳稻区土壤含盐量0.5％以下的盐碱地用淡水灌溉种植.

【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship of nutritional quality with eating and cooking quality and their difference of low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice varieties（lines） and other types of japonica rice, so as to lay a scientific basis for breeding nutritional and high quality japonica rice.【Method】The low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice lines were used as materials, and the semi-glutinous japonica rice and common japonica rice varieties were used as control. A total of 16 japonica rice varieties including the three types were planted under the same environment and cultivation conditions. The differences in contents of total protein and its components and physicochemical characteristics of amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency were analyzed, as well as the correlation of rice nutrition with eating and cooking quality. 【Result】The glutelin content of low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice was significantly lower than that of semi-glutinous japonica rice and common japonica rice,and the gliadin and albumin contents were significantly higher than those of semi-glutinous japonica rice and common japonica rice. The breakdown value of low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice was significantly lower than that of semi-glutinous japonica rice and common japonica rice, and the gel consistency and peak viscosity of semi-glutinous japonica rice were significantly higher than those of common japonica rice and low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice.In terms of rice taste index, there was no significant difference in appearance, viscosity, balance degree, taste value between low glutelin semi-glutinous japonica rice and common japonica rice, but they were significantly lower than those of semi-glutinous japonica rice. The results of correlation analysis showed that the contents of total protein and gliadin were significantly negatively correlated with peak viscosity, breakdown value, appearance, stickiness, balance degree and taste value, and significantly positively correlated with setback viscosity and hardness. The correlation of glutelin was quite the contrary.【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in glutelin content, amylose content and breakdown value among the three different types of japonica rice varieties, among which the low glutelin semi-glutinous rice varieties has low glutelin content and higher gliadin content. Semi-glutinous japonica rice varieties have lower protein content, amylose content, setback value and consistency value, higher gel consistency and breakdown value. Among the four protein components, gliadin content has the greatest negative impacts on the taste value of rice, and was significantly negatively correlated with the appearance, stickiness and balance degree of rice.

挖掘新的控制水稻抽穗期相关位点和候选基因,对抽穗期的遗传机制研究和品种改良具有重要的意义.利用抽穗期存在明显差异的粳稻TD70和籼稻Kasalath杂交衍生的包含186个家系的重组自交系群体,构建了基于深度重测序的高密度Bin遗传图谱,图谱共包含12,328个Bin标记.RIL群体及亲本2018年和2021年正季种植于江苏省南京市江苏省农业科学院.以家系从播种到抽穗所经历的天数作为抽穗期表型值,使用IciMapping软件3.4版的完备区间作图法,对控制水稻抽穗期的QTL进行鉴定.2年共检测到15个抽穗期的QTL,分布在3号、6号、7号、8号、10号和12号染色体上,LOD值为2.58～10.68,其中7个QTL和已知抽穗期QTL的位置存在重叠或者部分重叠.共有4个QTL在2年均检测到,表现出较强的稳定性.对2年重复鉴定到的4个QTL区间进行基因功能注释和亲本间序列分析,共发现7个注释有功能,且在2个亲本间编码区存在非同义突变的基因.根据候选基因SNP的类型对RIL群体家系进行基因等位型分类和效应分析,发现4个基因其不同等位型的RIL家系在抽穗期上存在显著或者极显著差异,推测可能为候选基因,可用于后续水稻抽穗期的分子机制研究.

Nangengnuo 2 is a new late-maturing medium japonica glutinous rice variety, derived from the cross of the new rice line C08 and Zhennuo 19 with high quality and disease resistance, which was bred by Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, using the method of combination conventional breeding with marker assisted selection for blast resistance genes of Pi-ta and Pi-b. It has the characteristics of moderate plant height, lodging resistance, high and stable yield, fine grain quality,comprehensive resistance and good maturity performance. The average yield of Nangengnuo 2 in the regional test in Jiangsu Province was 672.4 kg/667 m~2, and the rice quality reached the agricultural industry standard level 1. It showed moderate susceptibility to rice blast disease and stripe disease and moderate resistance to bacterial blight. It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2021 and suitable to grow in the middle area and Ningzhenyang area of Jiangsu Province.

稻谷储藏过程的陈化变质对水稻生产和经营造成严重损失,开展稻谷耐储藏性研究对耐储藏水稻品种筛选具有重要意义.本研究利用197份半糯粳稻、117份普通粳稻和14份糯稻为试验材料,采用人工高温高湿陈化方法,以耐储藏指数陈化前后发芽率降低百分率(SDI)作为评价指标,分析了半糯粳稻与普通粳稻及糯稻间的耐储藏性差异.根据SDI高低,供试材料可分成4类:第Ⅰ类高耐储型23份,75％≤SDI＜100％,包含半糯粳稻8份和普通粳稻15份;第Ⅱ类较耐储型77份,50％≤SDI＜75％,包含半糯粳稻32份、普通粳稻44份和糯稻1份;第Ⅲ类较不耐储型118份,25％≤SDI＜50％,包含半糯粳稻82份、普通粳稻32份和糯稻4份;第Ⅳ类不耐储型110份,0≤SDI＜25％,包含半糯粳稻75份、普通粳稻26份和糯稻9份.结果表明半糯粳稻总体上的耐储藏性低于普通粳稻,而糯稻更不耐储.对材料生育类型间的耐储藏性分析显示半糯粳稻和普通粳稻中仅早熟中粳稻型表现较低.陈化前后稻谷新鲜度值降低百分率(RPFV)进一步验证半糯粳稻耐储藏性高于糯稻而低于普通粳稻.通过SDI和RPFV综合评价,筛选到高耐储藏的半糯粳稻4份(BG26、BG69、BG81和BG164),普通粳稻9份(南粳晴谷、CG10、CG23、CG25、CG28、CG32、CG38、CG49和CG71).研究将为改良水稻品种的耐储藏特性以及发掘耐储藏基因资源提供材料来源.

Grain size is controlled by many QTLs and/or genes. Despite intensive study, the genetic interactions between these QTLs/genes remain largely unclear. We previously found that the japonica large-grain rice cultivar TD70 with 1000-grain weight of 68.6 g carries superior alleles at the loci GW2, GS3, q GL3, GS5 and GW8, all of which are known to control grain size, while the indica rice variety Kasalath with 1000-grain weight of 19.1 g has normal alleles at these loci. In this study,

南粳5758是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所以台0206为母本,武育236为父本杂交,通过系谱法育成的优质高产粳稻新品种.区试平均结果显示,全生育期148.7 d,比对照武运粳27号短1.0 d,株高96.3 cm,分蘖性好,有效穗数达342.8万穗/hm2,穗型中等偏大,总粒数132.8粒/穗,结实率92.7％,千粒质量26.7 g.中感白叶枯病、稻瘟病和条纹叶枯病,感纹枯病.稻米品质达到农业行业《食用稻品种品质》标准一级,口感较软.2021年通过江苏省审定(苏审稻20210063),适宜在苏中及宁镇扬丘陵地区种植.

Grain protein content (GPC) is an important component of rice nutritional quality and influences the physical–chemical properties and taste of cooked rice. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GPC in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were analyzed using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from 9311 (used as the recipient) and Nipponbare (used as the donor). Using the substitution map strategy, we detected a total of 22 QTLs across all twelve chromosomes except chromosome 1. In addition, 13 QTLs were detected in both years, and 17 QTLs were consistent with previously reported GPC QTLs. Among them, qGPC4, which located between RM6748 and RM348 within the boundary of 30.45–33.95 Mb, was at the same position or flanked by several previous QTLs. qGPC6-1 was mapped to a QTL cluster where the Waxy gene is located. With the same Waxyb alleles of 9311 and Nipponbare, the effect of Waxy on GPC could be removed, and there should exist a true stable GPC QTL near Waxy. Four novel and stable QTLs for GPC were identified in this research. These stable and novel QTLs could serve as candidate genes for future research, and CSSLs are suitable for mapping GPC QTLs in rice note.

优良食味半糯粳稻是指稻米直链淀粉含量为8％～13％,含有低直链淀粉含量的Wx等位基因(如Wxmp、Wxmq、Wxmv等)、食味值在80分以上的粳稻.现行国家标准和行业标准均没有关于半糯粳稻品质评价的具体指标,亟需制订优良食味半糯粳稻的品质标准.在调研中国关于粳稻稻谷和粳稻稻米现有国家和行业标准、分析近4年已审定和参加区域试验的半糯粳稻品种(系)品质的理化指标的基础上,制定了优良食味半糯粳稻品质标准,为半糯粳稻品种的选育、鉴定、评价和推广提供理论依据.

南粳60是江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所以超级粳稻品种南粳5055为母本,与优质粳稻品种辽粳371为父本杂交配组育成的中熟中粳稻新品种,2020年通过国家审定,适宜河南沿黄及信阳地区、山东南部、江苏淮北、安徽沿淮及淮北地区等作麦茬稻种植.南粳60在区域试验中表现较好的丰产性和稳产性,稻米品质达农业行业《食用稻品种品质》标准3级,中抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病,具有株型适中、抗倒性强、丰产性稳产性好、品质优、综合抗性好等优点.

水稻淀粉合成对稻米品质的影响研究一直备受关注,是水稻基础科学研究的热点和难点之一.淀粉合成途径受众多酶催化调控,可溶性淀粉合成酶(soluble starch synthase,SSS)是其中较重要的一种,极大地影响稻米食味品质的形成.可溶性淀粉合成酶基因SSⅡa和SSⅢa是控制稻米糊化温度和胚乳支链淀粉生物合成途径中的两个关键基因.本文重点回顾并归纳了国内外关于SSⅡa和SSⅢa基因的功能、等位变异及其互作对稻米蒸煮食味品质影响的最新研究进展,同时对SSⅡa和SSⅢa基因的育种利用前景进行了展望,以期为稻米品质分子改良和育种提供参考依据.

【Objective】A set of variety DNA fingerprint identification system based on the core markers of genes regulating rice important traits was constructed, which will establish a foundation for strengthening the germplasm management and protection of the mainly promoted semi-waxy japonica rice varieties with high eating quality.【Method】34 semi-waxy japonica rice varieties mainly cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai were used as the test materials. The key differential sequence sites in genes regulating rice important traits were screened and core SNP or InDel markers were developed through multiple methods such as polymorphism testing of existing markers, gene sequence alignment from public databases and genome resequencing. SNP markers were developed into simple PCR markers based on electrophoretic bands by As-PCR technology. Genotype information was obtained by electrophoretic band characterization and type analysis, and the DNA fingerprint database of the semi-waxy japonica rice varieties was constructed. 【Result】 54 core markers derived from 40 key genes regulating rice important traits were obtained, including 18SNP and 36 InDel markers; 155 characteristic and effective bands were identified by 54 markers in the tested rice varieties, which were transformed into 155 0/1 data sites. The DNA fingerprint database of each variety was established and could distinguish it from all tested varieties. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the variation range of genetic similarity among varieties was 0.47-0.90,among which the lowest similarity coefficient was detected between Nanjing 7718 and Suxiangjing 100, while the highest similarity coefficient was detected between Nanjing 9308 and Nanjing 9036, among which there were 8 differential data sites. Genetic relationship analysis indicated that 34 varieties were divided into 6 branches, of which Nanjing 7718 was an independent branch,suggesting it has a distant relationship from other varieties. Further verification of the identification effect of core markers showed that the set of markers could effectively distinguish 14 new semi-waxy japonica rice varieties. The cluster diagram showed that they were distributed in three groups of Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, confirming the differences of genotype information among varieties; using this set of markers, the authenticity of an unknown semi-waxy rice variety was also identified. According to genotype and cluster analysis,it was determined as Nanjing 9108.【Conclusion】After optimization and screening, 54 core markers that could accurately distinguish all the tested semi-waxy japonica varieties were obtained, and developed into simple PCR markers detected by electrophoresis.Using this set of marker combinations, the DNA fingerprints of 34 semi-waxy japonica varieties in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai were constructed.