[目的]了解郑州市1982～2005年降氟改水工程的进展、降氟改水后防治效果、工程管理与使用情况.[方法]氟离子电极法测定水氟,氟斑牙检查按Dean法分度.[结果]郑州市自1982～2005年共建降氟改水工程471处,受益自然村685个.受益人口364391人,并对1982～1991年运转10年以上改水工程138处进行重点调查,其中水氟合格工程86.96%;水氟超标工程13.04%;调查水氟合格工程所在村儿童8165人,氟斑牙患病率10.12%;改过水水氟超标所在地儿童氟斑牙患病率仍高达38.91%,经卫生统计学处理差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]随着降氟改水工程使用时间的延长,工程损坏数量增多,工程久坏未修群众吃不上合格的低氟水,病区人民又重新陷入氟的危害之中,是目前降氟改水工作中急需解决的问题.

[Objective]To understand the spread and distribution of the local fluorosis in Zhengzhou,and the progressing,running and scrapping situation of Water Improvement and Fluoride Reduction Project.[Methods]Fluoride Water was determined by Fluoride-ion electrode method.Fluoride speckle tooth were examined according to Dean.[Results]According to this general investigation upon fluorosis,it was confirmed that 258 natural villages were still suffering from fluorosis of drinking water type at present.The project was carried out in 464 different places from 1982 to the end of 2004,which benefited 671 natural villages and 311 118 people.The project was running well in 434 places(93.5%)and scrapped in 30 places(6.5%).[Conclusion] Based on the investigation,we clarify the current spread and distribution of the local fluorosis as well as the state of progressing,running and scrapping in the Water Improvement and Fluoride Reduction Project before 2004,which provides scientific basis for preventing and controlling of local fluorosis in long-term.

目的通过孕妇尿碘和新生儿脐带血促甲状腺素(TSH)水平的监测,了解重点人群的碘营养水平现状。方法国家规定的检测方法测定孕妇尿碘,采用免疫放射分析(IRMA)国产试剂测定新生儿脐带血TSH。结果孕妇尿碘及新生儿脐带血TSH监测:1608名健康孕妇采(早、中、晚)三期3111份尿样,三期孕妇尿碘中位数分别为231.40μg/L、212.44μg/L、192.25μg/L;选择连续采二次以上尿样的728名孕妇,于分娩断脐时采新生儿脐带血统一进行TSH测定。经统计学处理,中位数以孕晚期明显偏低,并与新生儿TSH值高度相关。结论为确保儿童的健康生长,科学指导孕期妇女合理补充碘营养食品。

Objective To know the present iodine nutritive condition. Methods Salt iodine and urine iodine were tested by national standard methods. IRMA was used to examine newborn's whole blood (umbilical cord blood). Results (1) The qualified rate of iodine salt was within the national standard. (2) Three periods (phase, midterm, later period) urine sample of pregnant women's were collected, and the median of urine iodine was 231.40,212.44,192.25 μg/L, respectively, the late period's median was on a low side obviously; among the 3 111 urine samples, there were 516 samples with median of urine iodine 100 μg/L, which means some pregnant women and fetus were in the state of serious iodine deficiency; 728 women were sampled of their urine iodine in pregnant women,and the iodine level was highly related with TSH in newborns(r = 0.65, P 0.01). Conclusions The education of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders should be strongly increased, and it should focus on instruct pregnant women complementing iodine nutrition in late period of pregnancy, to insure the newborn's health.

[目的]为了2000年郑州市完成消除碘缺乏病阶段目标.[方法]采用<实现消除碘缺乏病阶段目标评估方案>规定的方法进行.[结果]碘盐生产(批发)单位、销售点、居民户三级碘盐合格率分别为99.0%、99.0%、96.71%;尿8-10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率,触诊为3.48%、B超法为4.15%;8-10岁儿童尿碘中位数282.1μgg/L;健康教育测试,五年级学生及家庭主妇知识及格率为99.33%、98.07%,行为正确率为84.67%、100%.[结论]郑州市2000年达到消除碘缺乏病阶段目标.