【Objective】 To evaluate the cognitive function of abstinent drug dependent individuals,and understand the modulation effect of working memory on the influence of anxiety on the inhibition of drug dependent individuals.【Methods】 The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale(HADS),continuous performance task and 2-back task were adopted to measure the anxiety and depression state,inhibition and working memory of 150 drug dependent individuals as well as 100 no-drug users,who matched with drug dependent subjects in age,gender,and education year,and Raven IQ original score.t test were used to compare anxiety,depression,inhibition and working memory between two groups.Correlation and regression were used to test the modulation effect of working memory on the influence of anxiety on inhibition.【Results】 Significant difference were found in the anxiety,depression state and working memory(2-back accuracy),inhibition(CPT commission error,CPT reaction time) between drug dependent and control groups(P 0.05).Working memory was found to have a part-modulation effect on the influence of anxiety on the inhibition.The rate of contribution of working memory was 29.5%.【Conclusion】 The abstinent drug dependent individuals were found to have deficient working memory and inhibition;anxiety influenced both 2-back task accuracy and inhibition.The working memory could modulate the effect of anxiety on the inhibition.

Objective To evaluate effects of mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment in female incarcerated substance abusers with protracted withdrawal syndromes.Methods 120 female incarcerated substance abusers were selected from compulsory rehabilitation/treatment center,they were randomly assigned by throwing coin to either treatment group or control group.All participants in treatment group got mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment.At pre- and post-session assessment points,all participants completed the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire and Opiate Protracted Abstinent Symptoms Scale.Two sample t -test and chi-square were used to examine the baselines,repeated measures ANOVA for assessing changes of mindfulness and protracted abstinent syndromes between and within groups.Results No differences between-group were found on mindfulness and protracted abstinent syndromes.Group x Time effects emerged for observe facet (F=27.87,P=0.000),describe facet(F=15.10,P=0.000) and total scores of mindfulness (F =12.05,P=0.001 ),the same as craving symptoms(F=7.53,P=0.007) and sleeping symptoms (F=4.40,P=0.038) of protracted abstinent symptoms.On sleep symptoms,participants in treatment group got(5.7 ±4.0) score before treatment points,got (3.5 ±3.1 )after treatment points.Participants in control group got (4.3 ± 3.6) at pre-session assessment,got (3.7 ± 3.5 ) at post-session assessment,participants in treatment group got better improvement in sleeping symptoms.Physical symptom score of protracted abstinent symptoms among treatment group participants showed a downward trend over time(F=14.89,P =0.000).Conclusion Mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment can increase mindfulness scores,and improve physical and sleeping problems.Compulsory rehabilitation center is helpful for substance abusers.

To Investigate the basic conditions of Chinese marital communication patterns CPQ and SMAT were used to 387 samples(include 78 couples) by means self-reporting. The Results are as follows:The marriage time and education years have significant effects on the marital communication pattern; wife demand/husband withdrawal was more common than husband demand/wife withdrawal(t=3.71,p<.001),but in the rural area,more husband demand/wife withdrawal was more than wife demand/husband withdrawal(t=2.36 p<0.05); the marital communication pattern was found to be associated with marital satisfaction,especially constructive communication patterns; mutual blame and wife demand/husband withdrawal could predict significantly marital satisfaction. Our conclusion:marital communication patterns were influenced by marriage time,sex and educationyears,with females showing more "demand" and males showing more withdrawal way; in the rural area,the situation being opposite. The Demand/withdrawal pattern negatively predicted marital satisfaction.

Objective:To carry out client satisfaction evaluation and narrative analysis in the process-outcome research of individual analytical psychotherapy in China.Methods:Short-term individual analytical psychotherapy was administrated to 3 female clients by 2 male psychotherapists with more than 20 years professional experiences and 1 female trainee.The method of active imagination,association analysis and integrative analysis were applied respectively.Satisfaction with treatment was evaluated with the Session Evaluation Questionnaire(SEQ)by the clients during three different processes of individual analytical psychotherapy and the narrative analysis was carried out with the Narrative Processes Coding System(NPCS)on the sessions.Results:(1)The clients' depth evaluation of association analysis was lower than that of active imagination and integrative analysis significantly[(4.2±0.2)vs.(6.0±1.1),(6.2±0.3);P<0.01].The clients' positivity was enhanced significantly in each session[(6.0±0.9)vs.(4.6±1.1),P<0.05].The clients' pre-session positivity was correlated with post-session positivity(r=0.54,P<0.05)and depth evaluation(r=0.67,P<0.01),and post-session Positivity was correlated with Depth evaluation(r=0.76,P<0.01).(2)The internal narrative sequence of association analysis was significantly less than that of active imagination and integrative analysis(18.4% vs.38.5%,36.6%;P<0.01),and the reflexive narrative sequence was significantly more than that of active imagination and integrative analysis(37.7% vs.18.1%,20.7%;P<0.01).(3)In the case of active imagination,the internal narrative sequence was positively correlated with the client' s arousal(r=0.99,P<0.01),while the reflexive narrative sequence was negatively correlated with the client' s depth evaluation(r=-0.94,P<0.05).In the case of association analysis,there was positive correlation between the external narrative sequence and the client' s smoothness evaluation(r=0.90,P<0.05).In the case of integrative analysis,the reflexive narrative sequence was negatively related with the client' s smoothness evaluation(r= -0.85,P<0.05)and positively related with the client' s arousal(r=0.82,P<0.05).Conclusion:According to this research,the client' s satisfaction evaluations of active imagination are higher than that of association analysis and integrative analysis.The psychotherapy processes of active imagination take on the character of the internal narrative sequences,while the processes of association analysis are characteristic by the reflexive narrative sequences.There are some correlation between narrative modes and client satisfaction with treatment.

This review introduces the researches related to the risk factors of marital violence which focus on the mental health,the behavior of violent husband and social environment.Psychopathology,abnormal personality,alcohol abuse,stress,cognition to the woman and violence of violent husband,resource and power of making decision in marriage,marital communication pattern are seven main factors of marital violence.

自从Kanner 1943年首次提出孤独症概念以来,许多研究都试图解释这一身心障碍之谜.孤独症一直被认为是由生物、遗传因素导致的发展障碍,相关研究也着重于认知领域研究,以试图解释孤独症各类症状与神经生物缺陷之间的关系[1].

【Objective】 The main objective of this research was to design a measurable tool for testing learned helplessness; its reliability and validity and the relationship with personality. 【Methods】 The questionnaire was designed based on research of literature, interviews with experts and members of the general public. After we got the elementary questionnaire, 220 random samples engaged in primary testing, and the formal scale was set up according to the analysis result. A total of 1 067 samples attended the test, followed by item analysis, explore facts analysis, reliability analysis of the scale. 【Results】 The standard questionnaire included 18 items with totally two dimensionalities (helplessness, despair). These two factors could explain 53.3% of the total variance and were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings of item was above 0.40, the consistent coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.930, split-half reliability coefficient was 0.924, test-retest reliability was 0.898. 【Conclusion】 The reliability and validity of the standard scale was pretty benign, which means it could be used as a measurable tool for testing the learned helplessness; there was strong relationship between learned helplessness and personality, people with introverted disposition, instead emotion, offish, contumacy were easy to get the learned helplessness.

Active imagination is an important technology and method to communicate unconsciousness of Jungian analysis.It works on the principle of that,imagination is the language of unconsciousness,and the release of archetype' energy,and Taoism,and facticity and objectivity of imagination.The author introduced the process,operation,and evaluation to active imagination.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the process of human being's knowledge about the relationship between psychological activity and the function of brain, in order to find the rule of its development. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of MSOD was undertaken to identify the articles related to psychological activity or brain's function published in English between 2002 and 2005. Chinese articles about psychological activity or brain's function were searched on Chinese periodical net and Wangfang database published from January 2002 to May 2005 by using the keywords of "brain's function and psychological activity". At the same time, books and papers introduced the brain's function and activities were searched, the book named The History of Western Psychology was retrieved manually. STUDY SELECTION: The articles were checked firstly, articles that expound the function of brain and psychological activities were selected, and then the full-texts of the articles were looked up. Inclusive criteria: those papers that discussed about the function of brain and psychological activities from the angles of neuropsychology, or medical and clinical psychology. Exclusive criteria: the repeated research, and papers that expound the function of brain and psychological activities from other angles. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 30 about the function of brain and psychological activities were collected, 9 of them accorded with the inclusive criteria. 4 were selected from the related chapters of The History of Western Psychology. Of the 21 excluded papers, 5 were duplicated studies, the other 16 explored the function of the brain and mentation from other angles. The 9 selected articles particularly discussed the contemporary studies of brain's activity and function from the aspects of cerebral reflection of psychological activities, brain function, the self-organizing features of brain activity, and the dynamic characteristics of psychological activities. DATA SYNTHESIS: The nature of psychology is to explore the relationship between mentaiton and the function of brain. From the theory of heart center to the one of monocular genetics, the development of psychology has been limited by the research of physiological basis, especially the study about brain. With the finding of motor center, language center and the brain's function of integration, the main task in 19th century is to find the different psychological function's relevant area in brain. After 1970s, people's recognition to the brain develop to monocular, genetic level from the level of Brain's structure, they began to study the mentaiton and different function and relationship between them from smaller aspect. Monocular and genetic researches have become the study area that is the most hopeful. CONCLUSION: the knowledge to the relation between the mentation and the function of the brain of human being developed along such a way that from body to brain to every zone of brain to molecular cell to gene.

BACKGROUND: Some scholars thought that social support is one of the key factors in determining self-esteem, and most scholars thought that subjective support is more meaningful than objective support. Yet on the domain of social support, Chinese scholars still put forward a problem about utilizations of social support besides subjective and objective support. However,how is the relationship between self-esteem and social support, especially the utilizations of social support in college students?OBJECTIVE: To probe into relationship between self-esteem and social support of college students and understand self-esteem and social support status of them.DESIGN: Cluster sampling and present situation study based on college students.SETTING: Department of medical psychology and behavior science in medical college of a university.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 154 comprehensive college students in south China were investigated.METHODS: Adopting self-esteem scale(SES) and social support questionnaire(SSQ) to conduct a self-evaluating investigation among 154 students in a comprehensive university in south China.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores on SES and SSQ on three dimensions for 154 college students.RESULTS: The boy college students got higher scores on self-esteem than that of girls' ( t = 2. 510, P ＜ 0: 05). Non-only-child college students' total scores and utilizations of social support were significantly higher than only child college students(t= -1.983, P ＜0.05; t= -3.475, P=0.01).The self-esteem was significantly positive correlated with the utilization of social support.CONCLUSION: College students'self-esteem is related to social support.

药物成瘾是一个日趋严重的社会问题,它逐渐成为影响人们身心健康以及社会家庭的主要问题之一.针对药物成瘾的心理治疗是非常必要的,同时也是非常复杂的,它不仅包括具体的治疗方法,还包括整个治疗体系.国外在这方面已经形成一定的规模和经验,并发展出许多有效的方法.本文着重介绍两种目前国外最先进的心理治疗方法:行为配对治疗(behavioral couples therapy,BCT)和社区动态治疗(community mobile treatment,CMT),同时对美国的药物成瘾心理治疗体系进行简要地说明。

目的探讨大学生自尊与社会支持的关系.方法采用自尊量表(SES)、社会支持评定量表(肖水源)对154名某综合性大学的本科生进行调查研究.结果自尊与社会支持中的利用度有显著正相关.结论大学生自尊与社会支持存在关系.

目前,关于自闭症的研究已经走出了临床精神病学的领域,深入到临床心理学、实验心理学、认知心理学、发展心理学等各领域,从其诊断、分类、发生率以及教育与治疗康复、行为训练等各个角度进行探讨.在我国,教育干预、行为训练等已经成为自闭症儿童康复的主流.但是,自闭症儿童康复的概率,预后的状况到底如何,目前此类研究较少.本研究进行了儿童自闭症预后状况的调查、分析.

教育心理学的大量证据表明,实现学生道德认识向道德信念的转化,必须具备许多条件.其中主要的条件有:学生对职业道德行为准则及其意义有深刻的理解;教育者的影响为:社会道德风尚、社会舆论与学习的道德要求相一致,不断提高学生的道德评价能力等.这里仅就这些条件作一探讨.