水平井分段压裂采用复合桥塞存在施工周期长、成本高及后期钻磨风险大的问题,直井分层压裂采用压裂滑套存在压后管柱不能实现全通径,影响后期排液采气、冲砂、测试的问题.为了有效解决以上问题,进行了可降解材料优选和可降解压裂桥塞及滑套技术研究,研制了中高温、低温可降解压裂桥塞和全通径压裂滑套.室内试验和现场应用结果表明,可降解压裂桥塞及滑套在压裂作业后可实现降解,实现了井筒和管柱的全通径.为非常规油气资源的的安全高效开发提供了技术保障.

常规K344封隔器存在承压性能低、施工规模受限、解封不稳定或无法顺利解封的问题,不能满足大规模压裂施工和工具顺利起出的需要.K344型可溶辅助解封压裂封隔器采用辅助承压/解封机构和胶筒一体化中心管的结构形式,有效提高了工具的耐温、承压性能,同时在易变形部位采用可溶包覆层补位,提高了工具的解封可靠性.通过室内试验以及20口井的现场应用检验,其耐温、承压和解封性能满足设计要求,施工完成后可快速解封并顺利起出井筒,成功率100％.该封隔器适用于直斜井和水平井,可为大规模压裂施工提供技术支撑.

苏里格气田采用的“K344型封隔器+喷砂滑套”分层压裂技术,由于整个管柱压后不能实现全通径,影响了后续排液采气、冲砂、测试、监测产液剖面,且无法进行二次改造作业.采用可溶金属材料,设计了直井全通径分层压裂工艺管柱.介绍了直井全通径分层压裂工艺管柱及关键工具.研制了新型喷砂滑套、滑套密封器和节流底阀.室内试验和现场试验结果表明,直井全通径分层压裂工艺管柱中关键工具的溶解时间可控,初始溶解时间大于72 h,压裂后工具内的可溶部分溶解时间小于7d,不可溶部分脱离可溶部分的束缚下行掉落到井底,整个管柱全通径可达Φ57 mm,能够满足一趟管柱分7层压裂施工及后续作业的要求.为直井分层压裂实现管柱全通径提供了新的技术手段.

针对苏里格气田中应用K344封隔器+滑套分层压裂技术时压后油管不能实现全通径,影响后续作业的问题,研制了新型气田压后油管全通径关键工具.关键工具包括喷砂滑套、滑套密封器和节流底阀,介绍了关键工具的结构和原理.现场应用表明,气田压后油管全通径关键工具使溶解时间可控,压后油管全通径可达57 mm,为后续排液采气、冲砂、测试、监测产液剖面和二次改造作业提供了全通径通道,具有较高的实用价值.

为了解决K344封隔器分层压裂技术需要节流压差坐封、施工后胶筒回收不完全,以及Y241封隔器分层压裂技术上提管柱解封困难的问题,研制了一种无节流自助解封封隔器及工艺管柱.研制的无节流自助解封封隔器采用弹簧自助解封机构、割缝中心管和压缩胶筒的结构形式,提高了下入、坐封和解封的稳定性和可靠性,同时由于该封隔器不需要节流压差坐封,提高了压裂施工的成功率;研制的工艺管柱可以实现不动管柱分6层大规模压裂施工.现场试验结果表明,无节流自助解封分层压裂工艺管柱耐温耐压性能良好,下入、坐封和解封性能稳定可靠,结构简单,操作方便,具有良好的应用推广前景.

Hydraulic jet fracturing technology has become a relatively mature fracturing technology by its advantages of simple string structure, time saving and wide application range however with many problems such as low perforation efficiency and tool failures during the construction.In order to improve the construction efficiency of hydraulic jet fracturing tool, the reasons for the problems have been analyzed, the process pipe string scheme and supporting tools have been optimized and the field application tests have been performed.The experimental results show a reasonable improved process string scheme, the greatly enhanced tool performance and higher construction efficiency.

分层压裂时,K344封隔器解封只靠扩张胶筒的回弹力,胶筒回收不完全;Y241封隔器解封需要上提管柱、多个金属锚瓦的解封力累积效应导致解封困难.研制的大规模压裂用Y344封隔器采用弹簧自助解封机构、割缝中心管和压缩胶筒的结构形式,提高了下入、坐封和解封的稳定性和可靠性.该封隔器不需要节流压差坐封,提高了压裂施工的成功率;采用该封隔器设计的工艺管柱可实现不动管柱分6层大规模压裂施工.苏里格气田10口井的现场应用结果表明,大规模压裂用Y344封隔器及工艺管柱,施工成功率100％.该工艺适用于直井、大斜度井和水平井,具有良好的应用推广前景.

In drilling process,the cuttings is easily accumulated in cutting bed in the highly deviated well section,which causes sticking,high friction drag,low ROP and other problems.In order to solve the problem of cuttings return,a simulation analysis of the accumulation law of cuttings bed was carried out by using Landmark software,and a new type of hole cleaning tools has been developed.The experimental application of new tools in Cha-X well shows it can effectively solve the highly deviated well cuttings return problems,significantly reduce the friction drag of well-bore,the amount of cuttings collected two times after use of the tools is 4.1 times and 1.3 times greater than that unused tools,the friction drag decreased up to 54.9％.

Fracturing sliding sleeve hydraulic jet is the key tool for multistage hydrojet fracturing technology without pulling strings.A new type of sliding sleeve hydraulic jet was developed in order to solve the problem of the shearing pressure of sleeve is unstable and the fracturing sleeve have no locking mechanism and the nozzle can not reverse wash used in the oil and gas fields.The sliding sleeve hydraulic jet has the following structural features:①With the method of shear pin built-in,the shearing process of shear pin is not affected by the downhole environment,the shearing pressure is stable and opening pressure shows obviously.②Adoption of split ring locking mechanism can achieve the reverse locking of sleeve after its opening.③The component of nozzle adopted points of welding structure,which can prevent the problem of nozzle loss.The field application results indicate that the sliding sleeve hydraulic jet has advantages such as reasonable structure,simple operation,which can meet the requirement of multistage fracturing operation.

Sulige Gas Field is a low-pressure, low-porosity and low-permeability gas reservoir of stratigraphic lithological trap, for which conventional development method does no achieve satisfactory development results. The staged fracturing tools for open hole of horizontal well is developed in the light of the characteristics of Sulige Gas Field, such as rapid pressure decline and poor communications of sand bodies. As for the well based on open hole completion, open-hole packer is suspended at the designated wellbore section with sliding sleeve started by pressure and sliding sleeve by thrown ball so that staged isolation is horizontally selected in the fractured wellbore section. Staged fracturing is conducted according to the number of fractured sections. Fracturing operation for the whole section is completed by one string of pipes, thus enlarging the filtrating area, making more sand bodies communicate, and fulfilling the objective of high-efficiency development. This paper briefs about the relative systematic tools and indoor test, field application and operational application as well as the efforts for a large-scale application.

The staged fracture technology of horizontal well is currently the best method for the recovery of low-porosity and low-permeability petroleum reservoirs.The ball injection sliding sleeve is the key tool to achieve the technology.Therefore,the drillable dropping sleeve of horizontal staged fracture was developed.The sliding sleeve has the following structural features.First,adoption of split claw positioning locking mechanism can achieve the reverse locking of sleeve after its opening so as to prevent inner sleeve from moving upward to block the sand jet and disturbing the drainage of oil well and subsequent production.Second,design of anti-rotation pin and inner sleeve groove achieves the circumferential fastening of inner sleeve and outer cylinder.The drilling and milling operation of the ball seat can be performed according to the technological requirement.Third,the ball seat adopts millable ductile cast iron so that the subsequent operation is convenient.Fourth,ball seats with different inner diameters are designed and the matching corresponding low-density balls are provided,which can satisfy the requirement of multistage fracture of horizontal well.The field application shows that the dropping sleeve is rational in structure,simple in operation and stable in opening pressure,which can meet the needs of 12-section fracturing construction.

To research the relationship between the fillet radius of the interfingering lines for the fracturing plunger pump head and its autofrettage property,a fracturing plunger pump head is selected as a study object,and its parametric finite-element model is established by applying finite element software.Then finite element analysis is carried on when the fillet radius of the interfingering lines are changing,which results show that the limit load of pump head is larger when the fillet radius of the interfingering lines is 7mm,and the residual stress is maximum when the fillet radius of the interfingering lines is 6.35mm.The optimal value of the fillet radius of the interfingering lines is 6.35mm when the pump head limit load and the residual stress are comprehensively considered.

The pump head of a super high pressure fracturing pump is selected as an object,the e-lastic finite element analysis of which is done with changing the yield strength of the material.Thus the in-herent relationships of the yield strength and bearing capacity is obtained.Then elastic-plastic finite ele-ment analysis of the autofrettaged procedure of the pump head is done.The results of finite element analy-sis are used to draw the conclusion that in order to improve autofrettage properties of the pump head,both yield strength of the material and autofrettaged inside pressure should be considered.

随着油罐使用时间的增长,其潜在的风险就会越来越大.这种油罐一旦破裂,就会造成重大经济损失.对此,选取5 000 m3的拱顶油罐为研究对象,利用有限元软件ANSYS,建立油罐的三维实体模型,经过网格的划分、材料属性的确定、边界的约束和载荷的施加等操作建立有限元分析模型,求出油罐的应力分布和规律.研究结果表明:罐壁每层的应力最大值大约在离该板底部0.3 m的位置,整体的应力最大值为19.9 MPa,满足材料的强度要求,为油罐的应力分析和结构设计提供了快速而又有效的方法.

本文利用计算机辅助设计软件PRO/ENGINEER完成泵头体的实体建模,导入ANSYS建立其有限元模型。基于ANSYS弹性有限元分析确定该泵头体的弹性承载压力为242.8MPa;基于ANSYS弹塑性有限元分析确定在塑性层深度为5/8英寸(15.875mm)施加的泵头体最佳自增强内压为430MPa;最后利用疲劳强度理论对泵头体自增强前后的疲劳寿命进行评估,得出自增强处理后泵头体的疲劳寿命比未自增强处理的可提高到4倍以上。

PDC钻头在软地层至中硬地层中具有钻速快、寿命长、进尺高、稳定性好等优点,在钻井工程中得到了广泛运用。对PDC钻头而言,水力结构设计尤为重要。本文首先对PDC钻头水力结构进行了介绍,并对其研究的重要性进行了阐述。然后详细介绍了PDC钻头的水力结构的研究现状。最后对PDC钻头水力结构的发展前景做了展望。

分析了岩石力学参数的计算方法,介绍了单位进尺成本最低的PDC钻头选型原则,在此基础上编制了基于岩性识别的PDC钻头选型软件,软件根据测井数据计算岩石综合可钻性级值,以此作为参考从PDC钻头数据库中初选钻头,然后以每米成本最低作为依据优选钻头。计算实例表明,利用该软件可实现PDC钻头的科学快速选型。

研究估算海上导管架的疲劳寿命及可靠性分析具有十分重要的意义.对海上导管架在复杂环境条件和操作条件下的疲劳损伤进行了系统和深入研究,在Pairs公式和Mason公式的基础上进一步推导,将多种载荷对导管架疲劳的影响综合在一起,提出了复杂载荷作用下的疲劳分析公式.Miner法则认为3种载荷作用下导管架的疲劳损伤可以用各自单独作用下的疲劳损伤计算获得,并将具体数据代入公式计算,验证了该方法的正确性.

A brief introduction of atutofrettage method,such as mechanical extrusion,direct pressure,expansion of the explosion pressure and solid autofrettage is given in this paper.Based on principle of autofrettage,relation of material stress and strain,The author makes a conclusion about the demand of autofrettage for material.

This paper gives a brief introduction of the theory of parametric design.Based on the fixed characteristics of wellhead equipment structures in oil and gas production,the powerful parametric functions of Inventor software were used to establish a model library of wellhead equipment,structures in model library could be revised according to the parameters.Examples are used for introducing the method for establishing the parametric model library.The model library is simple and easy for use,can improve the design efficiency.