目的 了解深圳市宝安区托幼机构中3～5岁儿童家长对手足口病及肠道病毒EV71型(enterovirus type 71,EV71)疫苗的认知及接种意愿情况,分析其影响因素.方法 2019年5-8月在深圳市宝安区随机抽取13所托幼机构,使用自编式问卷面对面对612名家长开展,调查收集儿童家长人口学、手足口病与疫苗认知和接种意愿等信息,采用非条件logistic 回归对接种意愿的影响因素进行分析.结果 家长对手足口病和EV71疫苗知识知晓率分别为80.88％和31.21％,疫苗知识知晓率较低,家长更愿意通过预防接种医院(84.64％)和托幼机构(71.24％)接受相关知识.65.03％的家长愿意给孩子接种EV7I疫苗,家长持拒绝或观望态度的最主要原因是担心疫苗安全问题(62.62％)和不认为疫苗有效(55.61％).Logistic回归分析显示,深圳市户籍(OR=1.876,95％CI:1.192～2.953)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=3.731,95％CI:2.421～5.747)、居住在城镇小区(OR=1.731,95％CI:1.134～2.644)、知道重症手足 口病严重后果(OR=1.791,95％CI:1.063～3.017)和知晓疫苗知识(OR=2.752,95％CI:1.518～4.991)的家长更愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗(均P＜0.05).结论 深圳市宝安区托幼儿童家长对EV71疫苗知晓率不高,接种意愿不理想,需要进一步有针对性的加强手足口病相关健康教育工作.

目的 探讨逐日日照时间与深圳宝安区儿童手足口病发病风险的关系,分析其暴露-滞后效应.方法 收集深圳市宝安区2015-2018年0～5岁儿童手足口病资料及同期气象资料.以广义相加模型探讨日照时间与逐日发病之间的线性关系,再使用分布滞后非线性模型定量分析日照时数对发病的单日效应及多日累积效应.按性别、年龄段对研究人群进行分层分析,并绘制累积暴露-效应曲线.结果 研究期间共报告0～5岁手足口病病例65 071例,平均日照时数为5.2h,二者之间存在曲线关联.单日效应结果表明,日照时间超过7 h是发病的危险因素.多日累积效应曲线呈"M"形.日照时数在较高区间(＞7h)内增多时,各组儿童累积发病风险均上升;每增加1h,累积风险增加4％(RR=1.04,95％CI=1.03～1.05).日光照射对多日累积发病的滞后作用最大可达3 d(RR=1.11,95％CI=1.01～1.23).结论 日照时间超过7 h能增大深圳宝安区儿童手足口病的发病风险,各组儿童普遍受其影响.日照时数增多时,应加强儿童手足口病的防控工作.

目的 调查深圳市流动儿童麻疹病例的发病特征及导致麻疹发病的影响因素.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析深圳市法定传染病报告系统报告的流动儿童麻疹病例数据,采用群组病例对照研究方法调查其中89例病例组与相应对照组以探讨可能的影响因素.结果 2016-2018年共报告流动儿童麻疹病例108例,发病呈现逐年下降趋势(x2趋势=68.35,P＜0.001).研究结果显示,影响流动儿童麻疹发病的危险因素包括7～21 d前就诊史(OR=7.80,95％ CI:3.51 ～ 17.35,P＜0.001)、7～21 d前去过人口密集的场所(OR=3.37,95％ CI:1.52～7.47,P=0.002)、7～21 d前有发热-出疹病人接触史(OR=4.57,95％ CI:1.41～14.84,P=0.007),而按计划免疫规划接种则为麻疹发病的保护因素(OR =0.12,95％ CI:0.04～0.32,P＜0.001).结论 流动儿童必须进一步加强疫苗接种,医疗机构应避免成为麻疹传播的关键场所,同时加强麻疹宣教.

目的 研究分析宝安区6～15岁在校儿童高浓度麻疹免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体影响因素.方法 研究共调查宝安区6～15岁在校儿童444例,均釆集静脉血1 ml,分离血清并进行麻疹IgG抗体的定量酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测,并对高浓度麻疹IgG抗体影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析.结果 单因素分析结果显示:年龄、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、麻疹疫苗接种剂次、首针接种月龄是6～15岁在校儿童高浓度麻疹IgG抗体的影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、首针接种月龄为6～15岁在校儿童高浓度麻疹IgG抗体的主要危险因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 儿童麻疹发病的预防控制,对于麻疹疫苗首剂的接种,可以考虑将首剂接种月龄延后,以提高疫苗的效力.对于该年龄段的儿童可以考虑结合实际情况,适时进行加强免疫.

目的 分析2016-2018年深圳市宝安区百日咳流行病学特征.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,对2016-2018年深圳市宝安区百日咳疫情监测资料进行统计分析.结果 2016-2018年深圳市宝安区共报告百日咳病例344例,发病率分别为0.56/10万、1.62/10万、4.07/10万,呈上升趋势(χ2=155.48,P=0.000);发病高峰集中在6-9月;病例以散居儿童为主(96.8％);1岁以下的病例比例最大288例(83.72％),发病率为211.64/10万.结论 深圳市宝安区2016-2018年百日咳发病率呈上升趋势,1岁以下婴幼儿是防控重点人群,需提高百日咳病例的临床诊断能力及加强散居儿童的监测工作.

目的 研究深圳市托幼机构中3～5岁儿童家长对手足口病EV71型疫苗接种意愿的影响因素.方法 基于计划行为理论(TPB),使用自编式问卷对深圳市3～5岁托幼儿童家长开展问卷调查,分析家长对EV71疫苗接种意愿的影响因素.结果 61.92％的家长意愿给孩子接种EV71疫苗,logistic回归分析显示文化程度高、居住在城镇小区(OR=1.889,95％cI:1.374 ～2.597),TPB模型行为态度(OR=3.051,95％ CI:2.037～4.570)、主观规范(OR=2.035,95％ CI:1.503 ～2.757)和知觉行为控制(OR =4.834,95％ CI:3.367 ～6.929)得分高是家长愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗的保护因素(P＜0.05).模型方程显示行为态度(路径系数=0.36)、主观规范(路径系数=0.25)和知觉行为控制(路径系数=0.65)均对接种意愿有正向影响(P＜0.001),其中知觉行为控制影响最大.结论 EV71疫苗接种意愿TPB模型能较好解释家长的接种TPB疫苗的意愿,应重点关注家长的知觉行为控制.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of transmission of measles among adults of the migrant population in Shenzhen.Methods Questionnaires were collected from 72 cases randomly selected from the report system of statutory infectious diseases in Shenzhen in 2016 and 144 relative controls paired with sex and age were also selected.A logistic regression model was used for data analysis.Results There were 27 males (41.54％) and 38 females (58.46％) in the case group,and 54 males (41.54％) and 76 females (58.46％) in the control group.The average age of the case group was 31.15 ± 6.79 years old and that of the control group was 33.16 ± 8.33 years old.There was no significant difference in degrees of education (x2 =3.45,P =0.178),income (x2 =0.63,P =0.728) and occupation (x2 =5.17,P =0.160) between the cases and controls.Multi-factor analysis showed that nosocomial exposure in 7 to 21 days (OR =6.37),being to the crowded places in 7 to 21 days (OR =4.45),room ventilation (OR =0.32) and humidity in the room (OR =28.14) were the influencing factors of transmission of measles among adults of migrant population.Conclusion For the prevention of measles in the migrant population,it is necessary to focus on floating population settlement and their work places.The outbreak of measles among migrant population should be prevented through the education and the vaccination for migrant workers.

Objective:To explore the perception of the manufacturing workers on the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors toward AIDS and the need of the AIDS-related knowledge among the manufacturing workers so as to provide the evidences for further effective health education for this population. Methods:Self-designed questionnaires and cluster random sampling were used, and anonymous questionnaires survey among 388 manufacturing workers were carried out. Results:The population was not fully familiar with the basic knowledge of AIDS. The awareness rate of the route of transmission of AIDS was more than 85 ％,but more than 50％ of the population believed that ordinary social activities and mosquito bites could spread HIV. 51.03％ of people discriminated against AIDS patients. 25. 26 ％ of people had multiple sex partners, 10. 57 ％ of people had commercial sexual behaviors the last year, and only 17. 53 ％ would insist using the condom. Merely 29. 64 ％ of people had the need for the AIDS-related knowledge, and 87. 89 ％ acquired the relevant knowledge from the internet medium. Just 2. 32 ％ acquired the AIDS-related knowledge from the consulting services. Conclusion:The AIDS-related knowledge of the manufacturing workers in a street of Shenzhen is incomplete. The workers have some problems in their attitudes and behaviors towards AIDS. They should be the focus group on AIDS health education and health promotion. It is suggested to explore and establish a health education and health promotion model that meets the population.

目的:了解深圳市宝安区流动儿童监护人麻疹相关知识、态度以及行为水平,为提高儿童免疫规划覆盖率和降低麻疹发病率提供依据.方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法,在深圳市宝安区福永街道不同地区幼儿园随机抽取户籍为非本市,无麻疹病史的学龄前儿童家长进行调查,让其填写相关调查问卷.结果:通过对深圳市福永街道流动儿童家长的麻疹相关知识、行为、态度的调查发现.父亲和母亲的文化越高就对疫苗接种行为有促进作用(OR=0.71,P=0.031;OR=0.58,P=0.012),而相关知识的获取途径中,网络对于麻疹疫苗接种行为有促进作用(OR=0.86,P=0.010).麻疹相关知识的知晓情况越好,对麻疹疫苗接种的情况也有促进的作用(OR=0.35,P=0.008).结论:流动儿童家长麻疹相关知识知晓率不高,流动儿童还有存在未完成麻疹免疫程序的情况.有关麻疹知识的教育以及预防接种宣传工作有待进一步开展,特别注重对流动人口麻疹防治相关知识和疫苗接种时间的宣传以及特别是麻疹预防接种知识宣教活动,宣教的途径可以侧重网络平台上

目的 了解中小学及托幼机构传染病防控工作的管理现状,为学校卫生监督监管工作提供依据.方法 2018年1～3月深圳市宝安区福永预防保健所疾病控制科通过对本辖区内56所中小学及托幼机构每校1名主要负责校医采取发放调查表及现场询问的方法收集中小学及托幼机构传染病防控相关信息进行描述性分析.结果 中小学及托幼机构8项传染病管理制度落实率为100.00％,传染病健康教育工作落实率为94.64％,中小学及托幼机构全年级均开设卫生知识健康教育课程占73.21％.校医或保健老师在编人数占35.71％,持有医护执照人数占50.00％,参加过传染病培训占97.62％.校医/保健教师配置比为123:1～4501:1,平均值为692:1.85.71％的饭堂设有防鼠设施,现制现供直饮水总合格率为95.00％,不合格项目为菌落总数.结论 本辖区内中小学及托幼机构传染病管理制度措施健全,但必须加强学校卫生人员队伍的建设,提高人员的防控传染病工作能力.

目的:了解社会医疗机构开展入院前急诊情况,为制定急诊管理方法提供指导.方法:以深圳市某街道2014年全年营业的持证社会办门诊和诊所为研究对象,调查社会医疗机构2014年急诊的接诊情况,将调查结果进行统计分析.结果:社会医疗机构接诊急诊患者较少,并且以普通简单处理为主,急诊人数与社会医疗机构和人民医院的距离无关.结论:建立机制鼓励社会医疗机构发扬救死扶伤的人道主义精神,积极参与急诊抢救工作,缓解急诊供需矛盾.

[目的]了解深圳市基层医疗卫生投诉举报现状,为制定对策提供参考。[方法]对某街道卫生监督所三年的信访资料进行分析。[结果]投诉案件逐年上升,以电话投诉为主,当面投诉有增加的趋势,投诉内容主要为非法行医方面。[结论]应进一步完善投诉信息收集工作,建立确实有效的投诉处理制度,以达到快速规范处理投诉举报案件的目的。

目的:通过对深圳市某街道卫生监督所2007～2011年医疗卫生行政处罚案卷信息汇总分析,了解社会医疗机构执业过程中存在的主要问题,为今后医疗卫生监督执法的工作重点提供依据和建议。方法:回顾性分析深圳市某街道卫生监督所99宗医疗卫生行政处罚案卷。结果:99宗医疗卫生行政处罚案件中超出《医疗机构执业许可证》诊疗科目范围进行诊疗活动案59宗(59.6%);使用未取得处方权的人员开具处方案32宗(32.32%);使用非卫生技术人员从事医疗卫生技术工作案1宗(1.01%);未经许可擅自从事终止妊娠手术案(终止妊娠)3宗(3.03%);其他4宗(4.04%)。结论:超出《医疗机构执业许可证》诊疗科目范围进行诊疗活动、使用未取得处方权的人员开具处方仍然是医疗卫生监督当前的工作重点,今后监管方向须加以调整。

The happening of successional accident of food safety initiated the thinking about the problems of supervising food safety in our country,The administration of Food Safety law directed the way for ameliorating the supervision of food safety.This article made a related statement about supervisory situation before and after the administration of Food Safety law and summarized the existing problems after the administration of new law.Then corresponding measures which had the referential meanings for perfecting Food Safety law further and ameliorating the problems of supervising food safety were offered for resolving the existing problems.

Objective To explore the rules of development and progress of occupational diseases in Shenzhen,and to provide a scientific basis for their prevention and control in new situations.MethodsData on demographic characteristics of employment population and occupational disease prevalence were collected. Retrospective analysis and assessment were conducted on the basis of those permanent-level occupational disease files and statistical tables from epidemic prevention institutions in Shenzhen.ResultsThe incidence of occupational diseases showed significant association with demographic characteristics and professional diathesis of employees. There was a significant imbalance in invasive distributions and hazard factor of occupational diseases in Shenzhen.ConclusionThe total prevalence of occupational diseases in Shenzhen tends to a mitigation,but which may not exclude the possibility of sudden arising or explosion of occupational diseases. The prevention and control of occupational diseases should tightly stress on the seriously hazardous professions and areas,and strengthen the surveillance and the monitoring management.

目的 调查不同中药材中粉螨孳生种类及其孳生密度.方法采取直接分离法和电热分离法分别检查过筛后的尘渣和阻留物.结果从99种中药材中分离出粉螨43种,隶属于7科23属,分别为粉螨属(Acarus)、食酪螨属(Tyrophagus)、嗜酪螨属(Tyroborus)、向酪螨属(Tyrolichus)、嗜菌螨属(Mycetoglyphus)、食粉螨属(Aleuroglyphus)、嗜木螨属(Caloglyphus)、根螨属(Rhizoglyphus)、狭螨属(Thyreophagus)、皱皮螨属(Suidasia)、食粪螨属(Scatoglyphus)、脂螨属(Lardoglyphus)、食甜螨属(Glycyphagus)、嗜鳞螨属(Lepidoglyphus)、无爪螨属(Blomia)、栉毛螨属(Ctenoglyphus)、脊足螨属(Gohieria)、嗜渣螨属(Chortoglyphus)、果螨属(Carpoglyphus)、麦食螨属(Pyroglyphus)、嗜霉螨属(Euroglyphus)、尘螨属(Dermatophagoides)、薄口螨属(Histiostoma).粉螨的孳生密度11.58～328.83只/g.结论深圳市储藏中药材中孳生粉螨种类较多、危害比较严重,应引起重视。

目的:了解我区街道卫生防疫机构的人员配置和如何充分利用现有人力资源.方法:采取现场调查、工作汇总等方法,通过调查街道的人口数、人口构成,卫生服务行业的分布,以掌握卫生防疫机构的服务对象及其工作量,通过研究人员的岗位分配,了解目前人员分配是否合理.结果:目前我区街道卫生防疫机构的人员编制严重不足,人员知识水平结构不合理,一些岗位或专业还没有配置相应的人员.结论:基层防疫人员的队伍建设亟待加强.

Objective:To make an epidemiological survey of intestinal acariasis in Shenzhen area and investigate pathogenic mite species.Methods:Case history,stool examination(saturated saline flotation method),and blood examination (differential leukocyte count) were served in this study.WTHZResults:Among 928 cases,59 cases were mite-positive with the methods of stool examination,and the positive rate was 6.36%.After identified,8 species had been found out,the species were Tyrophagus putrescentiae,Acarus siro,Carpoglyphus lactis,Glycyphagus domesticus,G.privatus,Dermatophagoides farinae,D.pteronyssinus and Tarsonemus granarus.28 intestinal acariasis cases were further examined for eosinophil,and had an average count of 0.6910~9/L(0.36-0.7410~9/L).The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain and diarrhea.Conclusion:The incidence of intestinal acariasis was higher in children and personnel working at their specific vocation in Shenzhen area.Occupational health works need to be strengthen especially for those specific population.

Objective To survey the kinds and density of acaroid mites breeding in stored products in Shenzhen city.Methods Mites were isolated by Directicopy,Shakesieve,Waterflotation,Tullgren,Antilightole and were identified under microscope.Results 25 species of acaroid mites belonging to 19 genera 7 families were identified from 51 kinds of stored products.The breeding density of acaroid mites was from 272.48/g to 10.95/g,among which the highest and lowest breeding density of acaroid mites was in feeders(272.48/g) and fengwei mushrooms(10.95/g),respectively.Conclusions Stored products in Shenzhen city were seriously polluted by acaroid mites.It's important to prevent acaroid mites and guard against human acarisis.