目的 对2010-2015年深圳市某街道公立学校教学与生活环境卫生现状进行调查,为改善学校教学环境卫生提出一些依据.方法 根据《中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规范》《学校卫生监督综合评价》《学校卫生综合评价》中所制定的标准监测及评价学校教学与生活环境.结果 卫生学指标不合格的有:前、后排教室间距、外环境对教室产生的噪声、黑板面照度、教室后墙反射比、黑板下缘与讲台地面的距离、课椅分配符合率和课桌分配符合率.结论 当前深圳市某街道公立学校的学校卫生环境突出问题是前、后排教室间距、外环境对教室产生的噪声、黑板面照度、教室后墙反射比、黑板下缘与讲台地面距离等,这些问题会直接影响学生的生长发育,教育部门应该加大投入,努力为学生提供合格的教学与生活环境.

目的 了解福永地区0～6岁儿童锌、铁、钙、镁、铜和铅元素的水平及其在不同年龄段、性别间的分布差异,为预防相关元素缺乏和铅中毒提供理论指导.方法 采集2018年在福永预防保健所健康体检的4 968名0～6岁儿童血样,用原子吸收分光光谱法测定血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜和铅含量.计量资料用x-±s表示,不同年龄组比较采用方差分析,计数资料采用x2检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 福永地区婴儿组血锌含量为(72.49±17.35) μmol/L,铁含量为(7.76±1.09) mmol/L,铜含量为(17.67±3.87)μmol/L,铅含量为(36.47±27.07)μg/L;学龄前组血钙含量为(1.82 ±0.21) mmol/L,比其他两组低.婴儿组血铁缺乏率(43.66％)最高,铅中毒检出率(3.33％)最高;学龄前组血锌缺乏率(40.05％)和钙缺乏率(9.37％)最高.不同年龄组血锌、铁、铜元素水平随年龄增长呈上升趋势,而钙、铅元素的水平呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同性别间各元素水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).铅中毒组儿童血锌、血铜元素水平明显低于对照组儿童,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 福永地区儿童锌、铁、钙缺乏发生率较高,应引起重视,进一步改善儿童饮食结构和喂养方式.

目的 了解福永街道中小学校教室人均面积与课桌椅卫生状况,为学校以及教育主管部门制定有关干预计划或政策提供基线资料.方法 从福永街道所有学校每个年级随机抽取1个班级,按照《中小学校设计规范》(GB50099-2011)的规定计算教室人均面积,同时每个班级随机整群抽取10名学生及其所使用的课桌椅,按照《学校课桌椅功能尺寸及技术要求》(GB/T3976-2014)规定判定课桌椅分配符合情况.结果 福永街道中学的教室人均面积达标率100％,黑板与前排课桌椅距离达标率83.33％,课桌设置分配符合率41.67％,课椅设置分配符合率50％;福永街道小学的教室人均面积合达标率16.67％,黑板与前排课桌椅距离达标率32.05％,课桌设置分配符合率12.44％,课椅设置分配符合率12.82％.结论 福永街道中学在教室人均面积、黑板与前排课桌椅距离、课桌设置、课椅设置等方面均优于小学,福永街道公立小学在课桌设置、课椅设置分配符合率方面高于私立小学.建议提高小学教室人均面积并改善课桌椅卫生不良状况.

目的:了解学龄前儿童屈光不正状况,分析屈光异常的初步趋势.方法:采用Suresight视力筛选仪对福永街道6220名3～6岁儿童进行屈光筛查.结果:共筛查6220人(12440眼)屈光异常率为11.3％(9.6％);年龄、性别间无显著差异(P＞0.05);屈光异常眼的异常率随年龄增长呈递增趋势;市级幼儿园的屈光不正发生率最高,四类托幼机构屈光异常有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:福永街道学龄前儿童屈光不正患病率高,应给予足够重视.

Objective Know sanitary sterilization quality status in Fuyong street medical institutions and some private medical institutions in order to prevent iatrogenic infection and promote sterilization quality. Methods According to "Standards of Sterilization"issued by Ministry of Health. Fuyong health inspection institute monitored 91 community health service centers and private medical institutions in 2009 – 2010. Results Monitored 2660 samples of disinfectant, indoor air, object surface, medical workers’hands, UV-lamp, disposable medical supplies etc. 2618 samples were qualified and the qualification rate was 98.4% . The qualification rate of Fuyong street medical institutions and private medical institutions were 99.7% and 97.9%. There is statistics significant (P0.01). Among all the samples, the lowest qualified rate was disposable medical supplies.Conclusions: It suggests that some private medical institutions sterilization quality are poor. We should strengthen monitoring and supervising to them, and training on sterilization knowledge to these medical employees.

Objective To explore the rules of development and progress of occupational diseases in Shenzhen,and to provide a scientific basis for their prevention and control in new situations.MethodsData on demographic characteristics of employment population and occupational disease prevalence were collected. Retrospective analysis and assessment were conducted on the basis of those permanent-level occupational disease files and statistical tables from epidemic prevention institutions in Shenzhen.ResultsThe incidence of occupational diseases showed significant association with demographic characteristics and professional diathesis of employees. There was a significant imbalance in invasive distributions and hazard factor of occupational diseases in Shenzhen.ConclusionThe total prevalence of occupational diseases in Shenzhen tends to a mitigation,but which may not exclude the possibility of sudden arising or explosion of occupational diseases. The prevention and control of occupational diseases should tightly stress on the seriously hazardous professions and areas,and strengthen the surveillance and the monitoring management.