The maturity group (MG) system is a widely recognized and effective approach for assessing the photothermal sensitivity of soybean cultivars and determining their optimal adaptation zones. In China, soybean have been cultivated extensively for thousands of years, evolving into various ecotypes through natural and artificial selection. In this study, the relative maturity groups (RMGs) of a total of 766 soybean cultivars collected from the Northeast Spring Planting Sub-region (NE), Huang-Huai-Hai Summer Planting Region (HH), Northwest Spring Planting Sub-region (NW,), and South Multiple Cropping Region (SC) of China were evaluated using linear regression models at 36 sites nationwide. The results show that the RMGs of Chinese soybean cultivars range from MG m1.6 to MG 9.5. Among all the identified soybean cultivars, MG III cultivars account for the largest proportion of 22.19 %, followed by MG II (21.67 %) and MG I (18.54 %). Conversely, MG IX has the fewest number of cultivars, representing only 0.26 % of all cultivars. The MG ranges for spring- and summer-sowing cultivars are MG 000-V and MG II-IX, respectively. The adaptive soybean MG zones across China were mapped using the method of Kriging interpolation based on the soybean RMGs data from 816 sites of 29 soybean-producing provinces. Cultivars of MG 0 and earlier groups are primarily distributed in the NE, and MG III and MG IV are the major MGs in HH and NW. The cultivars in MG V and later groups mainly distribute in SC. This study realizes the unification and normalization of the MG system between China and other major soybean- producing countries worldwide. Such unification and standardization will facilitate global germplasm exchanges and assist soybean producers in making more informed decisions when selecting cultivars.

黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院以选育高油、抗病、高产、广适应性的育种目标,聚合了丰富的国内外优良遗传基因,选育出了适宜黑龙江省第三积温带种植的高油大豆品种绥农48.该品种脂肪含量21.55％,蛋白质含量38.71％,生育日数117d,生产试验每hm2平均产量3172.2kg,较对照品种合丰51增产8.1％.

为研究大豆高产高效耕作栽培模式,以绥农44为试验材料,在黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院科技园区试验地进行当地传统耕作模式(春烧起垄)、原垄少免耕模式(原垄CK)、浅旋覆盖少免耕模式(地表覆秸)、碎秆翻耙耕作模式(秸秆深翻)4种耕作处理方式的试验.结果表明:不同处理下,生育期变化没有明显影响;分枝期和开花期株高、全叶重、叶柄重、茎秆重4个农艺性状秸秆深翻均高于其它3个处理;秸秆深翻的产量极显著高于原垄CK和地表覆秸,同时春烧起垄的产量高于原垄CK9.20％,地表覆秸免耕产量最低;按经济效益排序为秸秆深翻>春烧起垄>原垄CK>地表覆秸,综上,秸秆深翻效果最好.

绥农38是集高产、高油、抗病、抗倒、适应范围广为一体的优良品种,植株株型收敛、通风透光性好,秆强、结荚均匀不炸荚、喜肥水.该品种蛋白质含量为37.80％,脂肪含量为21.13％,生育日数约为113 d,需≥10℃活动积温约2250℃,生产试验平均产量为2806.8 kg·hm-2,较对照品种合丰51增产13.3％.

绥农32是集高油、高产、抗病等特性并适宜黑龙江省第二积温带种植的大豆品种.该品种紫花,长叶,亚有限结荚习性,顶荚丰富,脂肪含量21.0％,蛋白质含量38.2％,百粒重20 g左右,接种鉴定中抗灰斑病.生产试验平均单产2791.9 kg·hm-2,较对照品种黑农44增产11.8％,生育日数120 d,需≥10℃活动积温2430℃.

绥农50是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院于2005年以绥农27母本,以(绥农22×绥02-406)F1为父本经有性杂交选育而成的大豆新品种.该品种大粒、高产、抗病、秆强抗倒、分枝力强、喜肥水.2017年通过黑龙江省审定.适应黑龙江省第一积温带以及吉林、内蒙、新疆等省区相适应的积温区域种植.本文作者介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现和栽培技术等内容.

介绍了绥农44大豆新品种的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现和栽培技术等内容.

Genomic selection is a promising molecular breeding strategy enhancing genetic gain per unit time. The objectives of our study were to (1) explore the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for plant height and yield per plant in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], (2) discuss the relationship between prediction accuracy and numbers of markers, and (3) evaluate the effect of marker preselection based on different methods on the prediction accuracy. Our study is based on a population of 235 soybean varieties which were evaluated for plant height and yield per plant at multiple locations and genotyped by 5361 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. We applied ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction coupled with fivefold cross-validations and evaluated three strategies of marker preselection. For plant height, marker density and marker preselection procedure impacted prediction accuracy only marginally. In contrast, for grain yield, prediction accuracy based on markers selected with a haplotype block analyses-based approach increased by approximately 4 % compared with random or equidistant marker sampling. Thus, applying marker preselection based on haplotype blocks is an interesting option for a cost-efficient implementation of genomic selection for grain yield in soybean breeding.

绥农39是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院经有性杂交育成的抗病高油大豆新品种.该品种抗病、高油、秆强抗倒、通风透光性好.2014年1月通过黑龙江省审定.适宜黑龙江省第三积温带以及吉林、内蒙、新疆等省区相适应的积温区域种植.本文介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及高产栽培技术等内容.

为了创新大豆种质和探讨定向选择的有效性,我们采用杂交育种方法,以绥农10为母本、以绥02-315为父本配制组合杂交选育成了绥农35.该品种油分含量21.77％,蛋白质含量39.42％,两年区域试验平均公顷产量3 064.8 kg,较对照品种合丰45增产7.1％;2011年生产试验平均公顷产量2 430.2 kg,较对照品种绥农26增产10.7％.该品种中抗灰斑病.2012年该品种由黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广.绥农35既高产,又高脂肪,是一个广适性的新品种.

为了研究三江平原不同年代大豆主栽品种粒茎比与主要病害(灰斑病、根腐病)的变化规律,选用不同年代18个同熟期的主栽品种为试验材料,采用田间小区试验方法,深入系统的开展研究工作.结果表明:随着年代的推进,粒茎比的变化趋势为逐年累加提高,变化幅度为0.44～0.88,极差为0.44,增长速度为0.73％,是品种产量提高的关键因素之一.品种对灰斑病抗性水平存在着较大的差异,抗病能力总体呈逐步增强的趋势,说明灰斑病危害得到了有效的控制.其中20世纪50、60年代品种均表现感灰斑病,70年代品种抗感交替过渡,到80年代以后的品种全部表现为中抗或抗灰斑病.品种对根腐病的抗性除个别品种(‘绥农4’、‘合丰45、55’、‘黑农48’)抗性水平突出外多数品种抗病性较差,抗病能力总体呈阶段性提高的趋势,其中抗病品种占22.22％,感病品种占77.78％.说明根腐病没有得到有效的控制,是当前育种与生产亟待解决的病害.

In order to study the change rule of the protein and fat and total content of main soybean cultivars in Sanjiang plain ,18 same maturity main production cultivars were selected as test materials and used in the field investigation as methods to research the quality characters traits improvement and change regular .The results showed that the fat content had no obvious regularity change and had a fluctuate reduce trend .The rangeability was from 19 .88% to 21 .41% ,the mean value was 20 .68% .The stage change showed that from the 1950s to 1960s had a increase trend ,from 1960s to 1980s had a reduce trend ,from 1980s to the year of 2000 had a in‐crease trend .The protein content had no obvious regularity changes and had a increase trend .The rangeability were from 37 .22% to 40 .94% the mean value was 39 .34% .The stage change show that from the 1950s to 1980s had a increase trend ,from 1980s to the year of 2000 had a reduce trend .The protein and fat total content had no obvious regularity changes and had a fluctuate increase trend .The rangeability were from 58 .34% to 60 .81% ,the mean value was 60 .02% .

以玉米品种绥玉26为试材,于2014年开展了玉米两侧深松深施肥高产栽培技术研究,结果表明:两侧深松施肥比常规施肥更好地促进玉米全生育期生长发育,两侧深松深施肥800 kg/hm2+口肥100 kg/hm2产量最高比常规施肥增产15.58％,其他处理比常规施肥产量分别高4.49％、5.86％、9.45％,说明两侧深松深施肥处理明显优于常规施肥,促进了玉米生长发育,能够提高肥料利用率,增加了玉米产量.

为了研究三江平原60余年大豆生产主栽品种更替过程中主要农艺性状与产量的改进与变化规律,指导当前或今后的品种改良与创新,采用田间小区试验的方法,选用三江平原不同年代同熟期组的18个主栽品种为试验材料.试验结果表明,主要农艺性状随年代的推进,株高与有效分枝数呈降低趋势;底荚高度变化不大,总体呈增加趋势;主茎节数呈增加趋势;抗倒伏能力逐渐增强;生育日数逐年延长;品种单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、单株粒重均呈不断增加的趋势;百粒重呈波动增加趋势.产量随着年代的推进逐年累加提高,产量变化幅度为2509.20～3311.25 kg/hm2,年平均产量增加13.35 kg/hm2,增长速度为0.53％.由于品种主要农艺性状的改进与变化,特别是品种生育日数延长和产量性状的改进,不断的提高品种产量水平,所以导致了生产主栽品种不断更替与变化,这一结论对当前或今后品种改良与创新具有重要的指导与借鉴意义.

绥农37是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院于2005年以绥农20为母本,以绥04-5474为父本,经有性杂交育成的高油抗病大豆新品种.介绍了该品种的品种来源及选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及适宜区域和栽培要点等内容.

绥农34是黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院经有性杂交育成的抗病高油大豆新品种,于2012年2月经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定推广.该品种高产抗病高油,生育日数120 d左右,活动积温2 450℃左右.适合黑龙江省第二积温带以及内蒙古和吉林等省区相适应的积温区域种植. 1 品种来源 绥农34(原代号绥06-8794)是2003年由黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院和黑龙江省龙科种业集团有限公司大豆育种课题组育成的抗病高油大豆新品种,其是以绥农28为母本,以黑农44为父本进行有性杂交,同年冬季在海南种F1,2004年在黑龙江省农业科学院种F2,同年冬季在海南种F3,2005年在黑龙江省农业科学院内种F4,2006年在该院内种F532行,秋天决选6行,其中系统代号为03110-6-1-混-2的决选品系号为绥06-8794.

绥无腥豆2号为无豆腥味，大粒，高蛋白新品种。种子中不含脂肪氧化酶L1和L2，蛋白质含量42.67%，2009-2010年区域试验平均产量2882.2公斤/公顷，比对照品种绥无腥豆1号平均增产12.9%，适应黑龙江省第二积温带地区种植。

Suinong 14 is the typical elite cultivar including high-quality,high yield,disease resistance and wide adaptability.Analysising the molecular and phenotypic genetic basis of Suinong 14 pedigree,provide the theoretical guidance in purposely chosing hybrid parent to broaden the genetic basis.In the current research,50 agronomic traits and 550 SSR markers were chosen and analyzed.According to nature of every trait,the 50 agricultural traits were adivided into 6 groups,growth traits,yield traits,quality traits,resistance traits.In total 1 494 alleles were detected in 550 SSR markers with an average allele number of 2.716 4 per locus,The average of PIC is 0.445 0,of which 30 high polymorphic loci can be chosed as important locis to evaluate the genetic diversity of soybean germplasm resources;LG C1 has the highest proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.961 5,LG A2 has the more conservative fragment up to 11.At least two SSR loci were needed to discriminate Suinong 14 from its pedigree.In total 255 alleles were detected in 50 phenotypic with an average allele number of 5.100 per locus,The average of PIC is 0.683 2.Principal component analysis(PCA) result showed that the cumulative contribute of 6 principal components for 50 agronomic traits was above 80.1%,Analysis of the composition of each priciple component show that every traits have an important role in the comprehensive study of genetic diversity of soybean germplasm.Some important traits of soybean were selected as key index in soybean study.The Correlation between SSR cluster and agronomic traits cluster basing on UPGMA is 0.393 0,the result indicated that the two kinds of clustering methods can only reveal some relationship among the species at a certain extent,Thus the optimal strategy combined SSR data and agronomic traits is necessary for genetic diversity analysis of soybean germplasm.

试验采用二次正交回归旋转设计,研究不同肥料施肥量和种植密度对大豆新品种绥农30产量的影响,建立了产量与种植密度和肥料之间的数学模型。结果表明:绥农30高产栽培的施肥方案为密度33.28万株/hm2,磷酸二铵、尿素、硫酸钾施用量分别为165.90、75.93、90.93 kg/hm2。

<正>国家大豆产业技术体系按照大豆产区分布及区域生态特征,在全国20个省(市、区)建立了30个综合试验站,每个综合试验站设1个试验站站长岗位,4个团队成员,对接5个科技示范县,每个示范县配置3名技术骨干。综合试验站的主要职能是:开展产业综合集成技术的试验、示范;培训技术推广人员和科技示范户,