塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层具有压力敏感、安全密度窗口窄、易喷易漏、井控风险大等特点,自2012年下半年开始,塔中区块水平井井深大幅增加、水平段不断延长,受储层跟踪难、井眼轨迹不平滑、钻具托压严重等因素的影响,模拟通井管柱在裸眼段摩阻较大(甚至光钻杆也很难通过),给后期的试油完井作业带来了很大的挑战.文章正是针对"模拟通井时间长、管柱下入难、无法进行常规完井"的问题,提出了以斜坡钻杆与油管相结合的完井管柱为核心的特殊完井方案,优化配置了完井管柱,完善并标准化了该工艺的工序,成功应用5口井的效果分析表明,该工艺有效建立了复杂井眼条件下的油气通道,并为类似井的完井工程提供了一个新思路.

Tkes16井完钻井深6 327 m,储层压力126 MPa,井底温度172℃,该井试油工序复杂、周期长,要求完井液具有良好的高温沉降稳定性、流变稳定性.试油采用新研制的STSW耐高温、高密度完井液.该完井液是基于超微分散化学和机械化学理论,采用新型高效湿法纳米加工工艺,将加重材料颗粒研磨得更细(D50≈1μm,D90＜3μm).选用新型进口处理剂对表面改性,提高微粒空间位阻效应,形成稳定的胶体体系.在现场应用过程中,达到了完井液在井底高温下静止7.1d无分层、无沉淀的施工要求,保障了Tkes16井试油作业的顺利施工,并保护了油气藏.

塔里木深井及超深井储层通常埋藏深,压力温度高,在试油测试过程中工况变换频繁,致使井下管柱及工具受力复杂,为了了解酸化动态压力变化对管柱的安全影响,文章着重论述了三种酸化摩阻压力预测分析方法,并对不同方法计算结果对管柱受力变化的影响进行了对比,结果表明酸化施工泵压和排量对管柱安全影响大,从而进一步说明准确预测分析酸化动态压力对有效进行管柱受力分析和优化设计酸化施工参数具有重要意义.

塔里木油田是国内使用连续管设备最多的区域之一，但连续管作业几乎都集中在深度小于4000 m的气举、排液、冲砂等作业，深井与复杂作业极少涉及。介绍了在塔里木油田大北区块一口高温高压深井中钻水泥塞和钻桥塞的连续管先导试验情况，连续管作业总体上取得了成功，得出了连续管在施工精心策划、施工过程严格控制下，可用于高温高压深井作业，为类似相关井的作业积累了经验。

通过对大量岩心、成像测井等资料的对比分析,建立了砂岩构造裂缝的定量表征方法,对库车坳陷ks2区块白垩系巴什基奇克组裂缝＂点＂、＂线＂、＂面＂分布特征进行了研究。首先利用岩心校正相应深度的电成像测井裂缝参数,获得经验校正值,再对未取心段的电成像测井解释裂缝参数进行校正,最终得到目的层每米裂缝参数数据。研究发现,ks2区块巴什基奇克组裂缝主要为高角度构造缝,倾角主要为45°～75°,走向为近南北向和近东西向,单井裂缝线密度0.11～1.30条/m,面缝率0.027%～0.130%,平均宽度0.13～0.55 mm,长度0.39～1.20 m。依据裂缝线密度、面缝率数值,定量评价裂缝发育程度为Ⅰ类发育、Ⅱ类较发育、Ⅲ类欠发育3个级别。裂缝主要发育在巴一段、巴二段的砂岩中,形成具有较好连续性的4～6个裂缝段。裂缝参数、厚度、发育级别随至断裂、背斜轴部的距离增大呈指数减小,Ⅰ—Ⅱ类裂缝多分布在至断裂800 m、背斜轴部1 800 m范围内。据此,定量预测该区块裂缝平面分布发现,裂缝发育整体东部好于中西部、南部好于北部,ks201井、ks207—ks2-12井一带、ks203井周及断裂附近的裂缝线密度可达1条/m以上。

酸化、压裂等措施是油气井增产的重要手段，不稳定压力试井是评价改造效果的主要手段之一。针对塔里木油田库车山前低孔低渗透率裂缝性砂岩高压气井缺少措施改造后试井测试数据的情况，提出先对措施改造前测试数据进行精细试井解释，获得基本的渗透率、表皮系数、地层原始压力、无阻流量等参数；然后使用措施后的井口生产数据与井口压力数据，利用井筒模型将井口压力折算为井底压力，结合措施改造前精细试井解释获得的相关参数，获得措施改造后的表皮系数、无阻流量等结果，对改造效果进行定量化评价。大量实践表明，此方法结果准确，对该区措施井的效果评价具有良好的适用性。

Purpose - The purpose of this investigation was to study the function mechanisms of a corrosion inhibitor package used for martensitic stainless steel tubulars in acid solution at high temperatures.Design/methodology/approach - The inhibition performance was evaluated by means of an acid corrosion test at high temperature and high pressure, and the functional mechanism of the inhibitor package at different temperatures was investigated using polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.Findings - The results showed that the corrosion inhibitor package chosen for high-temperature and high-pressure gas well applications was very suitable for use with 13Cr super martensitic stainless steel. At lower temperatures, the function mechanism of the corrosion inhibitor package was characterized as a type of negative catalytic effect. As the temperature was increased, the effect of the intensifier in the package became more significant and the function mechanism changed to be the geometric covering effect type.Originality/value - This study has the important practical value for guiding the oil field to conduct reasonable screening and using the acidizing corrosion inhibitor for martensite stainless steel tubulars.

A quantitative evaluation method of fracture is established based on core observation and image logging, and is used to characterize the distribution feature of fractures in Bashijiqike Formation of ks2 well area. This method gets the empirical corrections of fracture parameters between cores and image logging in the same depth, and these empirical values will be used in other depth where cores are not acquired to obtain all the fracture parameters per meter of the target layer. The study shows the fractures in ks2 well area are mainly high angle structural fractures between 45°−75°, and their strikes are near SN or near EW. The fracture linear density values are 0.11−1.30/m, the fracture area ratio is 0.027%−0.130%, the average fracture width is 0.13−0.55 mm, and the fracture length is 0.39−1.20 m. The development of fracture is divided into three levels (I-developed, II – relatively developed, III-poorly developed) based on the linear density value and surface area ratio. Fractures in this well area are most abundant in sandstones of 1st and 2nd members of Bashijiqike Formation, forming 4-6 fracture segments with good continuity. The thicknesses, development levels, parameters of fracture segments decrease exponentially with the increase of distance to fault and to anticline axis. The most favorable area (I – II) is within 800 m from the fault, or within 1 800 m from the anticlinal axis. It is predicted the fractures in ks2 well area, are more developed in the eastern area than the middle-western area, and more developed in the southern area than the northern area, and that the linear fracture density can be up to 1.0/m around Well ks201, Well ks207-ks2-12, Well ks203 and areas near faults.

由于裂缝性储层裂缝发育,裂缝性储层水平井与常规储层水平井相比,优化水平井井眼方位需要考虑的因素更多,也更为复杂.文中以地质力学为基础,在优选裂缝性储层水平井井眼方位的同时,考虑天然裂缝分布、天然裂缝的激发和井眼稳定性,从地质、钻井和压裂的角度出发,采用理论研究和数值模拟,形成了裂缝性储层水平井井眼方位优化方法.首先,根据井壁成像数据对天然裂缝分布进行统计分析,选择天然裂缝发育的方位;其次,通过建立天然裂缝面的应力模型,计算在一定压裂压力下容易滑动的天然裂缝方位;最后,通过建立裂缝性储层的井眼稳定模型,计算出在确定的方位范围内井眼相对稳定的方位作为优选的水平井方位.优选的裂缝性储层井眼稳定方位既有利于压裂裂缝与天然裂缝沟通,又相对容易激发天然裂缝,且井眼相对稳定,对于提高单井产量、减少工程复杂有重要作用.

塔里木盆地库车山前气井储层为低孔裂缝性碎屑岩地层，储层基质渗透性较差，渗流能力较弱，未经措施改造的油气井通常难以获得工业产能，大部分井都需要进行措施改造作业。另外，即使经过措施改造的井，由于裂缝性储层的复杂性，导致同区域措施改造后的井产量差别很大，甚至存在个别井措施改造不到位或措施改造过度的情况，使得部分井达不到配产要求或直接经济成本的增加。通过对已有的措施改造前、措施改造后的地层系数进行分析，结合措施改造液量、地层天然裂缝与地应力的夹角等因素，建立措施改造规模与地层系数的函数。该方法可为措施改造后产能预测提供重要参数，通过对实际生产井的预测，证实了该计算公式的有效性，为油气井措施改造设计提供重要的参考依据。

Completion of ultra high temperature & pressure & deep well in kuqa foreland area is usually drilling pipe conveyed perforation. The actual well status put forward higher requirement to perforating technique. This paper introduce basic well condition and current perfora-ting technique, analyze the key factors influence the safety and quality of perforating technique, like temperature, pressure factors, and summary analysis corresponding method and technology . Since the localization, perforating technique and equipment get successful populari-zation and application in kuqa foreland area.

国内外勘探研究表明,礁滩体储层是碳酸盐岩储集体的重要类型,具有重大的勘探潜力,在塔里木盆地台盆区表现得尤为重要.2002年,塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组礁滩体储层取得重大突破,拉开了对塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩勘探的序幕,塔中以其高的钻遇率和快速增长的油气储量也充分证实了塔中古隆起的良好勘探前景,而作为塔中地区主要储集层位的良里塔格组礁滩体储集体受到广大专家学着的重视.但礁滩体储层预测一直是油气勘探领域的难点,钻探成功率低.因此,本文旨在通过对塔中地区塔中10号带礁滩体储层的主控因素进行分析研究,从而为寻找塔中地区良里塔格组台内礁滩复合体及其有利储层发育区指出一个重要的方向.

通过模拟酸化及生产工况条件下的鲜酸、残酸及地层水CO2腐蚀试验,研究高强15Cr马氏体不锈钢在不同条件下的腐蚀行为,利用电化学测试技术,探讨其在不同腐蚀环境中的表面(钝化)状态,并对其耐蚀性进行表征.结果表明:高强15Cr马氏体不锈钢在鲜酸中处于活化状态,均匀腐蚀速率极大,并且出现明显局部腐蚀;在残酸及地层水CO2腐蚀环境中,高强15Cr马氏体不锈钢处于钝化状态,其钝化膜具有双极性n-p型半导体特征,均匀腐蚀轻微,试样表面未出现明显局部腐蚀;相比于地层水CO2腐蚀环境,残酸溶液的pH值较低,高强15Cr马氏体不锈钢稳定钝化区范围显著减小,外层钝化膜掺杂浓度升高,平带电位正移,钝化膜的致密度下降,耐蚀性降低.在高强15Cr马氏体不锈钢油管的使用过程中,酸化压裂的鲜酸腐蚀是造成其发生腐蚀,特别是点蚀的主要原因.

塔里木油田迪那气田迪那202井关井油压88.31MPa,井底压力105.83MPa,井底温度137.2℃,CO2含量0.07％,属于超深高温高压凝析气井.因电缆落井、井下安全阀控制管线泄漏、井底腐蚀严重等问题,造成无法正常生产,同时存在巨大的安全风险.本文介绍了连续油管在迪那202井打水泥塞、更换关闭的井下安全阀、钻磨等作业,成功的疏通了油管内堵塞问题,解除了安全隐患.

大型储层改造过程中,高速含砂流体引起的冲蚀是管柱失效的重要原因之一。利用自行研制的喷射式冲蚀实验装置,以蒸馏水和3.5 wt%Na Cl为模拟溶液,对比研究了超级13Cr钢在含砂液固两相流体中的冲蚀速率随主流速度和压裂排量的变化规律。分析了Cl-1对超级13Cr钢的冲蚀的加速作用机理。研究表明,对于89mm×6.45 mm油管压裂,当排量低于2.2 m3/min时,Cl-1加速超级13Cr钢冲蚀速率作用不够明显;当排量在2.2~2.75 m3/min时,Cl-1使得电化学腐蚀加剧,导致总的冲蚀速率急剧增加;当排量大于2.75 m3/min时,冲蚀速率主要由冲刷流体产生及机械作用主导,Cl-1的影响开始降低。

超深裂缝性致密砂岩储层在我国分布较多,常规压裂改造的效果不明显.缝网压裂的成功实施可以有效沟通天然裂缝,最大限度的增加致密砂岩储层的泄流面积,获得较为长期的高导流能力,进而保证改造效果.本文对缝网压裂改造技术的关键点进行了阐述,并对裂缝性储层缝网的形成进行了力学分析,认为缝网形成的关键在于如何在压裂施工中成功的激发天然裂缝.现场应用结果表明,采用人工裂缝转向技术能够较好的沟通天然裂缝,形成复杂的缝网结构.

大北204井是塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带上的一口评价井.塔里木盆地库车山前高压气并井况复杂,普遍具有井深(6 000～8 000 m)、高温(150℃～170℃)、高压(气藏压力110～ 125 MPa)、高二氧化碳含量(含量0.3％～1.0％,分压大,腐蚀性强)等特点,常规的电子压力计不能满足该地区的温度和压力测试的需要,迫切需求一款新产品来适应该地区的测试.因为光纤式永久温压监测系统具有很强的适应性、抗腐蚀性和寿命长等特点,塔里木油田选择在大北204井进行先导性实验,并取得了良好的施工效果,这不仅可以对该井井底温度和压力进行实时监测,为开发方案的调整提供科学依据,也为该地区在温压检测手段上有了一个全新的突破.

Fundamental principles on determination of horizontal maximum principal stress from wellbore damage information were summarized systematically. On the basis,analysis procedure for horizontal maximum principal stress was established. A field example was analyzed,and the procedure showed that the method had a reliable theoretical evidence,clear analysis procedure,and simple operation. The promotion of its application to petroleum industry in China is recommended.

压裂过程中,高速含砂流体引起的冲蚀-腐蚀协同作用是引起油管、井下工具等设备失效的重要原因之一。利用自行研制的喷射式冲蚀试验装置,以质量分数3.5%的NaCl含砂液、固两相流体模拟加砂压裂液,采用失质量法研究了压裂排量对超级13Cr油管材料的冲刷磨损和腐蚀交互作用。研究结果表明,在质量分数3.5%的NaCl含砂流体中,超级13Cr油管用钢冲刷和腐蚀交互作用可以分为冲刷加速腐蚀和腐蚀加速冲刷磨损2部分。以114.3 mm×6.88 mm油管压裂为例,在液体排量超过2.65 m3/min时,因为冲蚀加速腐蚀和腐蚀加速冲蚀产生的交互作用都明显增大,导致总的冲蚀速率急剧上升;继续增加排量,交互作用开始由冲刷磨损主导,而冲刷加速腐蚀部分产生的交互作用降低。研究结果可为预防油气田压裂过程超级13Cr油管冲蚀提供参考。

The Dabei gas field as a tight sand reservoir is controlled by the fracture development which directly affects the discovery and deliverability of the natural gas.The appropriate way to describe the fracture is very important.At present,the fracture spacing is a general method to describe the fracture degree,but its shortage is only suitable for the description of outcrop,core and FIM.A few of drill cores and Door representativeness can not illustrate the fracture distribution in well bore.The fracture analysis by image data requires the skillful analyst and the image data,with the random interpreted conclusion,the high expense of the image data,and absence of image data.So,the concept of fractal is proposed in the research of fractured reservoir.According to fractal concept,the data of conventional logging suite were used,in combination with the logging feature of fracture in the Dabei gas field.The fracture in the goal layer of Dabei area is quantitatively described by the method of R/S.The result which was tested by the data of cores and drilling available,suggests that the method of R/S is feasible to quantitatively describe the fractures in the Dabei gas field.