目的 了解新冠肺炎防控对镇江市甲乙类传染病流行病学特征的影响,积极探索更有效的传染病防控措施.方法 用2020年镇江市甲乙类传染病发病数据与2016-2019年发病均值进行比较,以及用模型预测的2020年发病数据与实际发病数据进行比较,分析2020年镇江市甲乙类传染病的发病变化.结果 2016-2020年镇江市共报告甲乙类传染病18种15 924例,2016-2019年镇江市甲乙类传染病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势(x2超资=6.13,P=0.01),2020年发病率较2016-2019年均值下降14.04％.环比增减情况与模型预测均显示镇江市2020年甲乙类传染病的发病较2016-2019年均值明显下降,其中应急响应应对阶段(2-3月)的下降幅度最大,降幅分别为45.68％和40.67％;常态化防控阶段(4-8月)下降幅度居第2位,降幅为10.57％～24.50％;恢复期阶段(9-12月)甲乙类传染病发病率下降较少,居第3位;应急响应启动阶段(1月)较2016-2019年月发病均值略有上升,环比增加7.02％.2020年镇江市疫情防控措施的严格程度与甲乙类传染病发病的环比下降程度呈正比(r=0.948,P＜0.001).与2016-2019年均值相比,2020年镇江市各类甲乙类传染病的发病率均有所下降,肠道、呼吸道和自然疫源及虫媒传染病下降幅度较大,降幅均超过25％;血源及性传播传染病的发病率下降较少,降幅为0.77％.结论 镇江市新冠肺炎防控期间甲乙类传染病的发病有所下降,提示新冠肺炎防控期间采用的多病共防、多部门协作、全社会共同参与、严格的个人卫生和个人防护等行为对减少甲乙类传染病具有一定作用.

目的 分析2005-2017年镇江市麻疹的流行特征,为制定麻疹防控策略提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集2005-2017年镇江市麻疹病例监测报告资料进行分析.结果 2005-2017年镇江市报告麻疹年均发病率2.78/10万,年报告发病率为0.03/10万～9.64/10万,年发病率分别于2005年、2015年呈现2个高峰,为9.64/10万、8.93/10万;各年发病高峰均为3-5月;年均发病率句容市最高为5.27/10万;男性年均发病率为2.93/10万、女性年均发病率为2.62/10万,不同性别间年均发病率差异无统计学意义(X2=3.401,P=0.065);各年龄组中病例最多的为0～1岁组,占总病例数的26.36％,其次为30～34岁组占10.96％,25～29岁组和35～39岁组均为9.69％;累计报告病例居前3位的职业分别为散居儿童(32.70％)、农民(22.74％)、学生(12.59％).结论 镇江市麻疹病例以散居儿童为主,其次为农民和学生,上述人群为镇江市麻疹免疫规划防控策略重点目标人群.除了进一步加强适龄儿童基础免疫,继续开展麻疹疫苗补充免疫活动外,要探讨、研究适当的措施为20岁以上人群提供麻疹疫苗接种的机会,最大限度地消除人群中的免疫空白.

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, during 2013—2020, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods ILI surveillance system consisting of influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals and influenza laboratory network in Zhenjiang was used to collect the surveillance data of ILI cases and pathogens in Zhenjiang from 2013 to 2020 for a statistical analysis. Results A total of 207 252 ILI cases were reported by sentinel hospitals in Zhenjiang during 2013—2020, and the average ILI% during 2013—2020 was 3.50%, showing an increase trend (χ2trend=30554.00, P Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of influenza according to the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and influenza virus in Zhenjiang. The prevention and control measures for COVID-19 can be used for reference.

目的 了解某小学一起水痘疫情的流行病学特征,探讨引起暴发的原因,为水痘防控提供依据.方法 采用现场流行病学方法探讨引起该疫情的原因,应用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析.结果 疫情全程持续69天,波及5个年级25个班76名学生和3名教职工,总罹患率2.14％.男生罹患率2.41％与女生罹患率1.86％(X2=1.34,P＞0.05)、学生罹患率2.06％与教职工罹患率1.47％(X2=0.11,P＞0.05),差异均无统计学意义;各班级罹患率在1.85％ ～59.09％之间(X2=233.60,P＜0.05)、各年级罹患率在0.20％ ～7.03％之间(X2=71.20,P＜0.05)、各楼层罹患率在0.47％ ～17.03％之间(X2=152.29,P＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义.首发病例所在的4年级13班罹患率最高为59.09％,该班水痘疫苗接种者与未接种者罹患率之间差异无统计学意义(X2=0.26,P＞0.05).结论 本次疫情为人-人接触感染传播,为有效控制疫情应采取二次水痘疫苗接种率80％以上等综合措施.

目的 了解2009-2018年镇江市15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病的流行趋势,为开展防控工作提供依据.方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集2009-2018年镇江市15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病疫情资料进行分析.结果 2009-2018年镇江市累计报告15岁以下少年儿童法定传染病病例22种65 135例,年报告发病率134.51/万～263.23/万之间,发病率呈现上升波动趋势(x2势=1932.389,P＜0.001);死亡病例12例,年均死亡率0.03/万;累计病例中男童发病数为38156例(58.58％),年均发病率204.86/万;女童发病数为26979例(41.42％),年均发病率159.81/万,不同性别间发病率差异有统计学意义(x2=997.605,P＜0.001).无甲类传染病报告;乙类传染病累计报告病例16种2 587例,年均发病率为7.29/万,发病呈下降趋势(x2势=78.566,P＜0.001);丙类传染病累计报告病例6种62 548例,年均发病率176.16/万,发病呈上升趋势(x2势=2 177.178,P＜0.001).肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播传染病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病、其它传播途径传染病分别占累计发病总数的86.95％(56 636例)、12.65％(8 240例)、0.25％(166例)、0.03％(17例)、0.12％(76例).发病率前2位的传染病为手足口病和流行性腮腺炎,分别占发病总数的78.43％(51 088例)和8.42％(5 485例).结论 少年儿童是传染病发病的重点高危人群,应重点加强手足口病、流行性腮腺炎传染病的监测,采取针对性措施控制少年儿童传染病的发生.

目的 分析江苏省镇江市2008-2017年6岁以下儿童手足口病报告病例的流行特征及病原谱,为开展防控工作提供依据.方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集2008-2017年镇江市6岁以下儿童手足口病例监测资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析,运用实时荧光RT-PCR方法进行病毒核酸检测.结果 2008-2017年镇江市累计报告6岁以下儿童手足口病例42 481例,年报告发病率介于120.95/万～528.06/万之间,发病率呈现上升波动趋势;死亡病例3例,年均病死率0.02/万;病例高发期集中在5-7月,10-12月间又出现一个次高峰或拖尾峰;0岁～、1岁～、2岁～、3岁～、4岁～、5岁～年龄组病例分别占儿童手足口病累计发病总数的5.48％(2 330例)、22.52％(9 567例)、20.46％(8 693例)、23.30％(9 896例)、18.08％(7 680例)和10.16％(4 315例);男童发病数为24 976例(58.79％),女童发病数17 505例(41.21％).累计报告实验室确诊病例1739例,阳性率47.68％,病原构成中肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A16型(CoxA16)和其他肠道病毒分别占32.37％、35.42％和32.21％,不同年份病原构成不同.结论 应加强对低年龄儿童手足口病的监测工作并掌握病原谱的流行规律,以预防、控制儿童手足口病的流行.

Aim: To investigate the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic in Zhenjiang, China from 2008 to 2016. Materials & methods: A total of 37,202 HFMD cases were investigated and 3707 nasopharyngeal swabs were detected for enterovirus RNA using RT-quantitative PCR. Results: We first reported a mixed pattern of HFMD seasonal epidemic with a combination of single-peak and two-peak patterns in alternate years, and the occurrence of sporadic and epidemic outbreaks of HFMD in kindergartens in Zhenjiang. Children younger than 4 years of age were highly vulnerable to HFMD, and home children and boys had higher risk to develop severe HFMD than nursery children and girls, respectively. Among tested samples, 1709 (46.1%) were detected as enterovirus RNA positive. Conclusion: This study first presents the dynamic of the HFMD epidemic in Zhenjiang from 2008 to 2016.

目的 了解健康人群麻疹抗体水平,制定针对性措施,有效控制麻疹.方法 2015年,采用系统抽样方法,抽取两个县区选取＜8月、8～月、5～岁、15～岁、25～40岁5个年龄组健康人群作为监测对象,用酶联免疫吸附实验检测人群麻疹抗体水平.结果 监测人群麻疹抗体阳性率68.55％,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)值为288.78 mIU/mL,各年龄组之间阳性率及GMC差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),GMC差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);不同性别人群麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),GMC差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);有无免疫史、免疫史、不详三组之间抗体阳性率及GMC差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 镇江市健康人群麻疹抗体水平不高,不足以形成预防麻疹的免疫屏障,应加强疫情监测,并对重点人群采取干预措施.

目的 调查江苏省某女子强制隔离戒毒所一起麻疹暴发疫情,查明暴发原因和感染来源,探讨控制疫情的有效措施,为麻疹防控工作提出针对性建议,预防类似疫情再次发生. 方法 根据《江苏省麻疹监测方案》制定病例定义,通过门诊日志主动搜索,对搜索到的病例个案调查,采集病例标本进行血清学和病原学检测,采用描述流行病学方法分析资料. 结果 2015年3月江苏省某女子强制隔离戒毒所内共报告麻疹病例12例,均为六大队人员,罹患率为0.87％(12/1 380);主要临床症状为发热和皮疹;病例从发热到出疹平均时间为2.42 d,1～2 d占58.33％;病例分布在7间监舍,首发病例所在的309室监舍病例数最多(6例、罹患率60.00％);12例病人麻疹IgM抗体和病毒核酸检测均为阳性;开展应急接种1 320人,接种率95.65％. 结论 本起疫情为一起麻疹暴发疫情,派驻的厂方人员作为传染源的可能性极大;综合防控是麻疹暴发疫情处置的重点,及早开展应急接种是处置麻疹暴发疫情的重要措施.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu province from 2004 to 2015,and to provide the theoretical basis for the development of effective preventive and control measures.Methods Data of viral hepatitis was collected and analyzed through China information system for disease control and prevention from 2004 to 2015.Results A total of 14361 cases and 7 death cases were reported in the whole city form 2004 to 2015,with the annual incidence rate between 15.48 ～ 94.29/100000.The mortality rate was 0.02//100000.Reported morbidity showed a fast declining tendency.The vital hepatitis count of male was 9469,and the female was 4892.The differences of the incidence had a statistical significance among different genders (x2 =1300.39,P =0.000).The vital hepatitis count of different age groups,0-ages,15-ages,30-ages,45-ages,60-ages,75-ages were 228,2770,4422,4396,2101,444,respectively.Farmer accounted for the largest proportion of patients(40.71％).Hepatitis B and Hepatitis E accounted for a large part of cases,which were almost 44.13 ％ 、24.08 ％ of the total number of the hepatitis,respectively.Conclusion The case reporting quality of surveillance hospitals should be improved.It is necessary to strengthen viral hepatitis surveillance and standardize the case report so as to prevent and control viral hepatitis prevalence.

Objective The study analyzed the incidence and trend of mumps in Zhenjiang City between 2004 and 2016,aiming to provide a reference for developing prevention and control measures.Methods Data of mumps in Zhenjiang were collected and analyzed through China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from 2004 to 2016.Results A total of 9195 cases of mumps were reported in Zhenjiang from 2004 to 2016,with no deaths and an annual average incidence of 23.42/100 0030.The annual average incidence between 2004 and 2016 was 10.94/100 000-49.87/100 0300,and peaked in the year of 2005,2009,and 2012 being 30.68/100 000 (891/2904260),39.93/100 000 (1188/2975203),and 49.87/100 000 (1563/3134298),respectively.Two seasonal peaks occurred regularly in years,occurred from May to June and from November to January of the following year.The number of mumps cases of male was 5554 (60.40％),with an annual average incidence of 27.79/100 000,and the number of mumps cases of female was 3641 (39.60％),with an annual average incidence of 18.89/100 000.The accumulated mumps incidence cases were 1103 (12.00％),3896 (42.37％),2603 (28.30％),909 (9.89％),197 (2.14％),and 487 (5.30％) in the age of 0-4,5-9,10-14,15-19,20-24,and ≥25,respectively.The reported cases mainly observed in students (5965 cases,64.87％).Conclusion The incidence of mumps is high,and mainly affecting school-aged children.The reports quality of mumps should be improved to prevent and control mumps prevalence.

[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics and trend of public health emergencies in Zhenjiang City,provide scientific basis for the formulation and adjustment of infectious disease prevention and control strategies.[Methods] Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of all public health emergencies in Zhenjiang City from 2004-2015,which were collected from the Public health emergency reporting management system.[Results] A total of 49 public health emergencies were reported in Zhenjiang City from 200d-2015,there were 1 883 patients and 3 death cases,and 57 972 people were involved.42 public health emergencies were caused by infectious diseases,accounting for 85.71％.Most of events occurred in Yangzhong City.The peak seasons appeared March to June and December,and a total of 34 events (accounting for 69.39％) were reported.The schools were the main place where the public health emergencies happened,and a total of 38 events (accounting for 77.55％) occurred in schools.[Conclusion] Most of public health emergencies occurred in Zhenjiang City are caused by infectious diseases,and schools are the main place.It is essential to strengthen the prevention and control of the infectious diseases in schools to reduce the incidence of public health emergencies in Zhenjiang City.

[Objective] To analyze the features of the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Zhenjiang City in 2016,evaluate the implementation of AEFI surveillance system,safety of vaccines in national immunization programs (NIP) and the quality of vaccination service.[Methods] The data in Zhenjiang City in 2016 were collected from national AEFI surveillance system,and relevant epidemiological indicators were analyzed with the descriptive method.[Results] Totally 2 150 cases of AEFI were reported in 2016,and the total reported incidence rate was 304.81 per 100 000 doses.There were 2 060 cases with general reactions,88 cases with vaccine paradoxical reactions and 2 cases with coincidental illness,which accounted for 95.81％,4.09％ and 0.10％,respectively.23 kinds of vaccines were involved in AEFI cases,and 929 AEFI cases were induced by diphtheriapertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine (no-cells),accounting for 43.21％.The ratio of male-to-female was 1.18 ∶ 1,81.40％ of patients were children ≤ 1 year old,and peak season appeared in July.The reactions concentrated within 3 days after vaccination,accounting for 96.84％.2 060 cases were diagnosed with fever,local swelling and local indurations,accounting for 95.81％.[Conclusion] The AEFI surveillance system in Zhenjiang City works in good condition,and safety of NIP vaccines and the quality of vaccination service are satisfactory.

目的 调查1起学校内胃肠炎暴发疫情,查清病原、感染来源和传播的危险因素,提出针对性防控措施.方法 在全校师生以及家庭成员中搜索病例,对学校的供水、食堂、食品加工、卫生学环境以及学生的就餐、饮水情况进行调查,采集饮用水、食堂剩余食品以及病例的咽拭子、肛拭子等样本进行实验室检测.结果 共发现12例病例,全部为学生,罹患率为1.13％;病例全部为同班学生,罹患率为29.27％.3名病例的肛拭子检出诺如病毒GⅡ型阳性(包括首发病例),其他为阴性.结论 本起疫情为诺如病毒GⅡ型引起的胃肠炎暴发疫情,原因可能为首发病例呕吐物形成的气溶胶扩散,通过人-人接触模式传播.

目的 通过了解镇江市麻疹流行病学特征,对麻疹监测系统运行质量进行评价,为进一步做好麻疹预防和控制工作提供科学依据.方法 收集镇江市7个辖市区2009-2013年报告的麻疹监测系统数据,采用描述流行病学方法,分析麻疹流行病学特征、评价麻疹监测系统主要监测指标.结果 镇江市2009-2013年年均排除病例报告发病率为2.56/10万,疑似病例血标本采集率从2009年的95.13％提高到2013年的100％,48 h个案调查率从2009年的95.13％提高到2013年的100％,血标本3d内送达率从2009年的93.57％提高到2013年的100％,实验室血清学检测结果7d内报告率从2009年的94.28％提高到2013年的100％;麻疹发病具有较明显的季节性,发病高峰期集中在3-5月份,共140例,占总病例数的85.89％;发病年龄呈现“两头多,中间少”的分布态势;无免疫史或免疫史不详者占总病例数的90.18％,有免疫史者仅占9.82％.结论 镇江市2009-2013年麻疹监测系统运转情况良好,麻疹监测系统运行质量逐年提高.应进一步提高麻疹监测工作质量、提高人群免疫水平、加强重点人群麻疹防控,继续维持消除麻疹目标状态.

目的 分析江苏省镇江市2009-2013年流行性感冒(流感)流行特征.方法 从中国流感监测信息系统中收集2009-2013年镇江市流感样病例监测资料、流感病毒分离与鉴定结果进行分析.结果 2009-2013年,镇江市共监测流感样病例(ILI) 48 738例,其中流感样病例就诊百分比(ILI％) 1.81％,0岁～、5岁～、15岁～、25岁～、60岁年龄组分别占ILI总数的9 084例(18.64％)、7 976例(16.36％)、11 185例(22.95％)、17 398例(35.70％)、3 095例(6.35％).期间共检测标本10 811份,检出阳性标本1 588份,阳性率14.69％,其中季A(H1N1)9例(0.57％)、季A (H3N2) 634例(39.93％)、新甲H1N1 499例(31.42％)、H7N9 1例(0.06％)、B型445例(28.02％).流感样病例数与同期流感样病例就诊比例呈正相关变化(r=0.965,P＜0.05);流感阳性率与流感样病例数呈正相关变化(r=0.622,P＜0.05);流感阳性率与流感样病例就诊比例呈正相关变化(r=0.671,P＜0.05).不同年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=64.30,P＜0.05);不同季节间阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=302.92,P＜0.05).多重对应分析显示新甲H1N1、15岁～、2009年、秋季之间有联系,B型、2010年、春季有联系,季A(H3N2)、0岁～之间有联系,H7N9和春季间有联系.结论 提高哨点医院流感样病例报告质量,积极开展流感监测网络实验室流感病毒分离工作,加强对各型流感病毒的监测,以预防、控制流感的流行.

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Zhenjiang City,provide the epidemiological basis for developing the prevention and control measures.[Methods]Epidemiological analysis and pathogen monitoring were applied on HFMD cases reported in Zhenjiang City from 2009-2011.[Results]A total of 14378 HFMD cases were reported in Zhenjiang City from 2009-2011,and the average annual reported incidence rate was 158.4l/lakh.The peak seasons were April to July and November to December,which respectively accounted for 50.31% and 21.79% of total cases.78.52% of cases were children under 5 years old,which was the high-risk population.586 positive samples were detected among 1602 cases,and 47.10% of positive cases were EV71 type.[Conclusion]The epidemic status of HFMD in Zhenjiang City had obvious relationship with season,population and region.The prevention and control of HFMD should focus on the scattered children and kindergarten children.

目的:了解镇江市疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况。方法:采用描述流行病学方法,对国家AEFI信息管理系统收集的2005—2010年镇江市报告AEFI数据进行分析。结果:共收集AEFI个案8 433例,以一般反应多见,占92.87%;异常反应占6.10%;偶合症占0.97%。涉及疫苗36种,报告最多的是无细胞百白破疫苗,报告3 183例,占37.74%。结论:本市AEFI监测系统运转情况良好,仍需继续加强各级医疗机构人员在AEFI诊断、分类及处理等方面的培训,确保AEFI监测数据的质量。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of handfoot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Zhenjiang from 2009 to 2010. Methods All the data of HFMD cases in Zhenjiang were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results The incidence rate of HFMD was highest in the period of April to June and in the age group of 1～3 years.Intriguingly,there was a slight predominance for boys and for children living in rural areas in HFMD infection. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in Zhenjiang shows significant epidemiological features of region,season and population.It is important to take active prevention and control measures focused on the children in rural areas in the popular seasons.

In order to analyze the immunity effect of veterinary rabies vaccine in dogs and understand the factors influencing immunity effect we collected some serums from immunized dogs or non-immunized dogs.The antibodies against rabies in serums were detected by ELISA.The results showed that the antibody positive rate was 34.53%(67/194) in immunized dogs in Zhenjiang city and the difference on the antibody positive rate was significant in different areas.The difference on antibody positive rate between the dogs immunized 3 times or more and less than 3 times was significant.The antibody positive rate in immunized dogs was not high in Zhenjiang.It could not prevent the spread of rabies in dogs.The low immunity times were one of the reasons for low positive rates.These results would provide data for the prevention and control on rabies.