为准确评价黄海海地区夏玉米品种的稳定性、适应性和丰产性,采用稳定性指数(WAASB)和同时选择指数(WAASBY)对2018-2019年黄淮海地区25个夏玉米品种进行连续2年的产量进行分析.结果表明:籽粒产量在不同品种和试点间存在极显著差异(P＜0.001),品种和试点间存在极显著互作效应.GY(籽粒产量)×WAASB双标图显示,'衡玉7182','衡9','华农138','宝玉168','郑单958'和'蠡玉86'等品种为丰产性突出、稳定性较好的品种.其中,'衡9'的WAASBY得分最高,属于参试品种中表现较好的品种之一.而'农大108'的WAASBY得分最低,属于表现较差的品种之一.安阳、德州、石家庄和邯郸最适宜种植的夏玉米品种均为'浚单29'、'农大108'、'浚单20'和'裕丰 303',深州最适宜种植的品种是'登海685',运城最适宜种植的品种是'中单856'、'衡玉7182'和'梦玉908'.综上所述,WAASB和WAASBY可为黄淮海夏玉米品种的示范和推广提供依据.

以国内广泛种植的先玉335双亲为测验种,采用NC Ⅱ遗传交配设计,对25份国外玉米自交系进行两年配合力测定试验,通过对供试国外玉米自交系的一般配合力、组配杂交组合的特殊配合力及较对照的优势等进行分析,筛选出一般配合力优良的国外玉米自交系,提出其合理利用的方案.结果表明,供试国外自交系中PHWG5、787、78371A、6M502、LH128等产量GCA效应值表现优良,LH194、L139、OS602等宜机收性状GCA效应值表现优良.综合产量、倒伏率和收获时含水量的GCA表现,PHN29、PHM10、PHR32等3份自交系表现较好.杂交组合PHWG5×PH6WC的产量在所有组合中最高,且较4个对照品种增产幅度都较高,可进一步试验.

[目的]准确评价基因型与环境互作效应对夏玉米品种产量性状稳定性的影响,探究适合黄淮海夏玉米区多点测试的统计分析方法.[方法]利用AMMI模型,在21个不同试点对2019年度黄淮海夏玉米区多点测试中的15个参试品种(对照品种为郑单958)进行籽粒产量、单穗粒重和百粒重的测定,并进行基因型效应、环境效应以及基因型与环境互作效应分析.[结果]籽粒产量、单穗粒重、百粒重3个产量性状的基因型效应、环境效应以及基因型与环境互作效应均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).参试品种中,丰产、稳产的品种有衡玉7182和先玉335;单穗粒重高且稳定的品种有衡玉7182、滑玉168和隆平206;百粒重较高且稳定性较好的品种有东科301、联创5和衡玉7182;对照品种郑单958属于稳定性较好、产量性状表现一般的品种.[结论]衡玉7182丰产、稳定,是较为适宜黄淮海夏玉米区种植的品种;AMMI模型能够准确直观地对参试品种的稳定性作出评价,可以作为多点测试中夏玉米新品种筛选的分析方法.

利用AMMI模型和GGE双标图,对2015年河北省夏播玉米区域试验中13个参试品种在10个试点的相关农艺性状进行分析,包括子粒产量、穗长和千粒重.结果 表明,各农艺性状在不同基因型和环境间存在极显著差异,基因型和环境间存在极显著互作效应.参试品种丰产性表现较好的有龙华369、J1302、衡玉1182,丰产性表现较差的有澳玉698、JF33.衡玉1182、J1302、荃玉18、郑单958和龙华369品种稳定性表现较好,鑫研218稳定性最差.丰产性、稳产性和适应性较好的品种有J1302、衡玉1182和龙华369.

衡玉321是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所于2008年冬以H14为母本、H13为父本,通过组配杂交组合选育的高产、广适、粮饲兼用的玉米杂交种,2017年通过河北省审定,2018年通过国家审定.

探讨玉米广适性品种在不同水分条件下的农艺和生理特征,为广适性新品种培育提供参考依据.2015年和2016年,将玉米品种‘先玉335'郑单958’与玉米新品种‘衡玉321’,在干旱和正常灌溉2个水分处理下种植于河北省农科院节水试验站,试验采用裂区设计.测定株高、穗位、抽雄期、吐丝期、籽粒产量和产量要素等农艺学性状,以及抽雄前叶绿素含量(SPADv)、灌浆期叶绿素含量(SPADg)、灌浆后期叶片衰老等级评分(LSS)、抽雄前叶面积指数(LAIv)、灌浆期叶面积指数(LAIg)等生理性状,比较不同品种间的性状差异.玉米品种穗粗、秃尖长品种间差异不显著,其他性状品种间存在差异.与干旱处理相比,正常灌溉处理下,‘衡玉321’、‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的籽粒产量分别增加5 056.5 kg/hm2、3 987.5 kg/hm2和5 934 kg/hm2,穗行数增加3.5、2.3、2.3,百粒重增加4.7 g、5.2 g、6.8 g,株高增加46.7 cm、44.1 cm、66.7 cm.‘衡玉321’在正常灌溉处理和干旱处理下的LRS、SPADg分别是5.97、3.85和5.81、3.27.广适性品种‘衡玉321’株型紧凑,抽穗后叶片衰老速度慢;干旱条件下叶片发生明显卷曲,但叶绿素含量较高,叶功能好;产量、千粒重和株高的水分敏感性低,而穗数和穗粒数的水分敏感性较高,灌浆中期的叶绿素含量和抽穗前叶面积指数对水分不敏感,水旱条件下均表现出高产.

为客观准确评价多点鉴定试验中玉米新品种丰产性、稳产性和适应性以及试点辨别力和代表性,探明适合黄淮海夏玉米多点鉴定试验基因型与环境互作分析方法.本研究借助AMMI模型和GGE双标图分析方法对2017年黄淮海夏玉米新品种多点鉴定试验中10个不同基因型品种在15个不同生态环境下的品种丰产性和稳定性进行分析,并对试点环境辨别力和代表性进行综合评价.结果 表明:基因型效应、环境效应和基因型与环境互作均达到了极显著差异,基因型与环境互作是产量变异的主要来源.‘衡玉1587’和‘衡玉321’综合表现较好,属于丰产性、稳定性和适应性均较好的品种.‘伟科702’稳定性较好但丰产性较差,‘浚单20’丰产性较好且具有较强的适应性,可以在适宜地区推广种植.河北深州和山东德州具有较强辨别力和代表性,‘衡玉1587’和山东德州分别是理想品种和理想试点.AMMI模型和GGE双标图分析结果基本一致,两种方法优势互补,可以用来作为分析基因型与环境互作的理想工具.

衡玉1182是河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所以H82为母本、H11为父本杂交组配而成的玉米新品种,具有早熟、耐密、高产、优质、多抗且适应性广等特点,适宜在河北省唐山和廊坊市及其以南的夏播玉米区夏播种植.该品种制种技术简便、产量高,开发应用前景乐观.

During maize multi-location test of Hebei Province, China in 2013-2014, 10 spring maize cultivars (control included) were evaluated at 8 experiment sites, then the grain yield and main ear characteristics (ear length, row per ear, and 1 000-kernel weight), were analyzed by GGE (genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction)-biplot. Results showed that adaptability of cultivar Zhongdi175 was the best among all the 10 evaluated maize in all the evaluated traits. That is, cultivar Zhongdi175 is the best cultivars in the experiment. In addition, Zhulu was the most ideal experiment site due to its best discrimination for maize cultivars. This study showed that GGE-plot analysis was an objective and effective method for evaluating maize adaptability, yield, and stability.

利用NCII遗传交配设计,以国内目前大面积推广的杂交种先玉335双亲为测验种,对80个美国解禁自交系进行2年配合力试验.结果表明,解禁美国自交系遗传基础丰富,不同杂交组合F1代产量平均相对离差21.96％,收获时与对照均值比较,子粒含水量较少,穗轴较细,穗位高较低.筛选出一般配合力高、综合性状较好的美自交系NS701、PHW03、PHN29、PHP55等.黄淮海试验推荐的对照品种先玉335、郑单958、迪卡517、农华101、宇玉30这5个杂交种以及先玉335和郑单958双亲组配的4个杂交组合中,迪卡517、宇玉30等新品种表现出早熟、抗逆、易机收等特点,郑58×PH6WC、郑58×PH4CV产量性状和抗倒伏较好.

In order to comprehensively evaluate the stability and adaptability of spring sowing maize varieties and the representativeness and discrimination of each testing sites in Hebei province,GGE-biplot and AMMI model were used to analyze the variety yield from the regional trials for maize from 2011 to 2012.Fourteen maize varieties were tested in 10 testing sites in northern Hebei Province,and 13 maize varieties were tested in 9 sites in western Hebei Province.The results showed that the varieties of Zhongdi175,XBS688,and Kunpeng7074 had a higher yield than other varieties,and Tang08-72 was the worst.Nongda108,Lishi2975,Nongdan906,and Zhongdi175 had better yield stability than other varieties,while Tango8-72 had the lowest yield.In addition,Yufeng,Zhangjiakou,Kuancheng,and Laiyuan were more representative than other testing sites.Fengrun and Funing had weaker discrimination,while Yuxian,Yufeng,and Guan had stronger discrimination than other testing sites in Northern spring sowing regional trials of Hebei Province in 2011.In Western spring sowing regional trials of Hebei Province in 2012,Keshi787 and Zhongdi175 had a higher yield than other varieties,Nongda108,Su1754,Keshi787,and Zhongdi175 had better yield stability than the other varieties,with the poor yield and stability of Fuyu201.Shexian,Pingshan,Jiangjunmu of Xingtai County were more representative than other testing sites,of which Xingtang and Shexian had stronger discrimination than the other testing sites.The 2-years test results showed that Zhongdi175 had the best performance with high yield and stability,the control variety Nongda108 belongs to the high stability with average yield,Tang 08-72 and Fuyu201 belong to lower yield and weaker stability,Yufeng and Shexian had better representative and stronger discrimination than other testing sites.Little difference between GGE-biplot and AMMI model were found in the stability analysis of maize varieties and discrimination of testing sites.The two methods can be used as the ideal tools for analysis in regional test.The results provide a theoretical basis on rational distribution of maize varieties.

In the 5 summer maize varieties of different types of low plain area in Hebei Province as test materials,in the same planting density,study on grain-filling,dehydration and grain grouting characteristics between the different summer maize varieties,and the influence of the related factors on yield characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that after 40 days of pollination,five maize varieties reached the maximum value of 100 seed fresh weight,and then declined slowly.The maximum fresh weight of 5 varieties was Weike702,and Huameil was the smallest.Five varieties of 100 seed dry weight and fresh weight showed the same trend,it was a rapid growth period at 40d after pollination,the 100-grain dry weight of Hengyu1182 was maximum,Liyu35 was minimum.The grainfilling rate of 5 varieties showed a single peak curve,reached the maximum peak at 20d after pollination,the peak performance of 5 maize varieties showed that Hengyu1182＞Huameil＞Weike702＞Zhengdan958＞Liyu35.The percentage of grain water of 5 maize varieties was very different at mechanized grain harvest,Hengyu 1182 was the lowest,Liyu35 was the highest.The grain broken rate,grain impure rate and yield loss rate of Hengyu 1182 were the smallest,but the grain yield was the highest.The comprehensive analysis showed that Hengyu1182 was characterized by fast grain-filling rate,low percentage of grain water,low grain broken rate,low grain impure rate and high grain yield,it can be used as a mechanized grain harvest variety planted in Hebei Lowland Plain.

In the rain proof shelter, the drought resistances of 10 widely-planted maize hybrids were tested and compared.In this experiment, two treatments were designed, namely drought stress (irrigation only one time at seedling stage) and the control (normal irrigation at growth stage), and the eleven agronomic, physiological and biochemical traits related to drought resistance of maize were determined.The results showed that drought had significant effects on the yield and main agronomic, biochemical and physiological traits of maize.Under drought stress, ear diameter, ear row number, 1000-kernel weight, proline content and ASI could be used as the identification indexes of drought resistance of maize in different growth period;plant height, ear height, ear length, bald tip, MDA content and chlorophyll content could be used as the reference indexes of maize drought resistance identification.The results of comprehensive membership analysis indicated that: Hengdan 6272 was strongly resistant to drought;Weike 702 was resistant to drought;Zhengdan 958, Jundan 20, Nonghua 101 and Ludan 981 were moderately resistant to drought;while Xianyu 335, Denghai 605, Zhongdan 909 and Liyu 37 were weakly resistant to drought.

The effects of different planting densities (60000, 67500, 75000 and 90000 plant/hm2) on the photosynthetic performance, agronomic characters and yield of three summer maize varieties were studied.The results showed that: within the scope of tested planting densities, along with the increase in planting density, the ear length, grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and ear weight of maize all decreased, while the leaf area index and population photosynthetic capacity increased.Hengyu 321 and Zhengdan 958 had a big density-tolerant coefficient, and their yield greatly increased with the increase in planting density.Xianyu 335 had a small density-tolerant coefficient, and its yield increase was small when the planting density increased, so this variety is suitable for relatively thin planting.

In order to screen suitable silage corn varieties suitable for cultivation in Haihe Low Plain. The yield,agronomic characters,quality and stress resistance of 14 maize varieties(silage and common) were evaluated by random block design. The results showed that the plant height and ear height of the varieties were 246.7 -322.8 cm and 86.2-148.9 cm,Yayu Silage 79491 was the highest,Zhengdan 958 were the lowest;The dry matter yields of the tested varieties was 14.46 -22.19 t/ha,the difference among varieties was very significant (P <0.01),the biological yields of Yayu Silage 79491,Zhengdan 175,Beinong Silage 308 and Beinong Silage 2932 were higher,increased by 28.35%,20.43%,20.06% and 10.09% than Zhengdan 958 respectively. The period of maize growth were significantly correlated with the dry matter yield from milk-ripening to wax-ripening stages,R=0.77??,plant height was significantly correlated with biomass yield,R=0.62?;There was a significant difference in feed quality between varieties (P<0.01),Zhongdi 175,Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Hengyu 321 and dual-pur-pose varieties of Xunqing 518 as common corn,the remainder were counted as silage varieties,the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in common maize was 2.59% and 4.58% lower than that of Silage Maize, The content of soluble sugar and starch was 2.06% and 2.12% higher than that of silage corn;The number of green leaves was 11.1-13.8 and fresh dry ratio was 30.23% -39.15% at harvest time.In addition to Beinong Si-lage 308,Yayu Silage 79491 and Xianyu 335 lodging and stem broken rate >15%,all the other 11 varieties of corn accorded with the national quality indexes classification standards,and the silage quality above the 2 rank evaluate stand,the 4 hybrids of Enxiai 298,Zhongnongda Silage Gr4515,Liaodan Silage 625 and Xunqing 518 achieved first rank silage quality standards.In order to promote the adjustment of corn planting structure,Zhongdi 175 and so on common corn varieties,as common corn,whole plant silage and grain feed type corn,have a good prospect for multi-purpose development and popularization.

玉米是我国的主要作物,在粮食及饲料作物生产中占有重要地位.我国玉米单产的提高,35％～40％归功于品种.针对当前选育的玉米新品种适应性差的现状,建立并完善了玉米新品种适应性“四级梯次鉴定体系”.该体系主要包括新组合初级鉴定、中级联合鉴定、高级联合鉴定和生产鉴定4个相互关联并梯次递进的阶段.应用此方法能够对玉米新组合的适应性和产量等主要生物学及经济学性状进行全面鉴定、评价与选择,加快培育适应性广的优良玉米品种步伐,为农业增产、农民增收服务.

The effects of different sowing dates (April 16th～ May 26th)and different planting densities (45000～67500 plant/hm2 )on the main agronomic characters and yield of new maize variety"Zhongdi 175"were studied through adopting two-factor split plot design. The results indicated that:both the leaf area index and the yield of maize increased with the increase in planting density within the experimental density scope;when the sowing date was May 6th,the leaf chlorophyll content of maize was the highest,and the yield of maize was also the highest (9023 kg/hm2 ). Thus,the optimum sowing date of Zhongdi 175 was May 6th,and its optimum planting density was 67500 plant/hm2 .

衡玉321由河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所以自选系H 14为母本、H 13为父本杂交选育而成,2017年通过河北省审定,品种审定号:冀审玉20170049,突出特点高产、广适、粮饲兼用. 1 主要特征特性 衡玉321冀中南夏播生育期108 d左右,与生产推广品种郑单958熟期相当;幼苗叶鞘紫色,株型紧凑,株高260 cm ,穗位95 cm ,穗位适中,整齐;茎秆有韧性,抗倒伏,抗旱节水;中抗大、小斑病,抗茎腐病,抗穗腐病;结实性好,无秃尖,果穗筒型,白轴,黄粒,品质好,穗行数14~16行,千粒重350 g左右,出籽率89.0% .2016年河北省农作物品种品质检测中心测定,蛋白质8.97% (达国家一级饲料标准),脂肪4.02%,淀粉75.02%,赖氨酸0.20%.

Identifying the relationship between the leaf area index (LAI) and grain filling in different growth stages of new maize hybrids under different planting densities and to reveal the regulation mechanism of different density on population LAI and grain filling characteristics. In this study,3 high-yield hybrids in the Middle and South Area of Hebei Province were used as experimental materials,the effects of 6 planting densities on LAI and grain filling characteristics in different growth stages were studied.The results indicated that 3 hybrids of LAI were first increased and then decreased in the whole growth period,reached its peak in the silking stage,then decreased gradually post-silk. The LAI with each stage of 3 varieties were increased with the density increasing,the LAI of Hengyu 1182 groups was higher than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 under the same planting density,the density tolerance showed strong. The LAI and grain yield showed a quadratic function,and the optimum LAI of Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335 and Hengyu 1182 were,3.252,3.193 and 4.125 respectively.3 varieties of silking stage maximum LAI and planting density were significantly related,while maximum LAI increased linearly with the increased of density. The 100-kernel weight of 3 varieties showed a slow-fast-slow "S" shape change with the filling process, and the grain filling rate of varieties showed a single peak parabolic curve in the whole growth process,the maximum grain filling rate appeared at 30 d after pollination,the maximum grain filling rate of different varieties with different treatments showed that low density >medium density >high density,and the grain filling rate of low density was higher than medium density and high density.After reaching the maximum grain filling rate,the descent speed of grain filling rate of Hengyu 1182 was faster than Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335.The grain-filling processes of maize hybrids with different treatments were analyzed by Logistic model,and the total filling period could be divided into early stage,middle stage and late stage. The Logistic model showed that the peak grain filling rate (Gmax) and the average grain-filling rate(Gmean) were higher in Hengyu 1182 whose active grain filling stage(D) was shorter than other 2 varieties,the average filling rate of 3 maize varieties in different filling stage showed that Hengyu 1182>Xianyu 335 >Zhengdan 958. The ear length,ear diameter,grains per row,rows per ear,and 1000-grain weight de-creased with the increased of planting density in 3 varieties,but the barren ear tips was just the opposite.The maxi-mum yield of 3 maize varieties was different,Hengyu 1182 was in the 82 500 plant/ha to achieve the maximum yield,Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 was 75 000 plant/ha,the maximum yield of 3 maize varieties showed that Hengyu 1182>Xianyu 335>Zhengdan 958.

[Objective] A field experiment was conducted to illustrate the differences of grain filling and dehydration characteristics of summer maize varieties in the north of Huanghuaihai Region,providing a theoretical basis for selecting suitable ripening maize varieties in this area.[Method] In this study,the differences of 100 grain dry weight,100 grain fresh weight,grain filling rate and dehydration rate of different varieties were studied under the same density,and the Logistics equation was used to analyze the relationship between parameters and yield.[Result] the yield of three varieties was significant,the yield of mid-early maturity variety Hengyu1587 was significantly higher than the other two varieties,the yield difference of Huamei1 and late maturity variety Liyul6 was not significanL The 100-kemel fresh weight of three varieties showed ‘ rapid growth-slow decline’ at the whole grain-filling stage,three varieties of 100-kernel fresh weight appeared after 40 days of grain-filling.The grain-filling rate of three varieties all showed a single peak curve,the peak value of grouting appeared at 20 days after grain-filling,the peak value of Hengyu1587 was the highest and Liyu was the lowest.The Logistic equation can well fit the three varieties of grain-filling stage(R2 ＞0.99) Correlation analysis showed that the grain rows per ear,grains per row and 1000-grain weight,the maximum filling rate (Gmax),the average filliug rate (Gmean),the initial accumulation potential (R0),the filling period of positive grain weight increment and average grain filling rate were positive correlation and grains per row,which showed a extremely significantly positive correlation,and 1000-grain weight showed a significantly positive correlation to yield,and the duration days of early stage (T1) showed a significantly negative correlation to yield.[Conclusion] This area was suitable for mid-early maturity varieties widely planted in the north of Huanghuaihai region.