高校病原生物学实验室的安全尤其是生物安全问题不可忽视,实验室的安全管理关系着师生人身安全、实验教学和科研工作的顺利进行.根据首都医科大学基础医学实验教学中心病原生物学与免疫学教学实验室具体情况,笔者结合病原生物学实验室生物安全管理要求,从实验室安全管理制度、实验室人员安全防范意识、实验室环境、实验设备以及试剂安全管理等多个角度,阐述高校病原生物学实验室安全管理工作的重点与难点;通过不断完善实验室安全管理制度,加强硬件设施安全管理,提高师生实验室安全意识,力求打造一个安全、高效的教学科研平台.

目的 比较过敏原依赖和非依赖性哮喘模型中2型辅助性T细胞(Th2 cell)和固有淋巴样2型细胞(type 2 innate lymphoid cell,ILC2)的功能.方法 滴鼻法制备过敏原卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)和上皮源性细胞因子(IL-25、IL-33)诱导的亚急性和慢性哮喘小鼠模型.收集小鼠肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalvelar lavage fluid,BALF)进行细胞计数;取左肺进行石蜡包埋、切片和HE染色;右肺行流式细胞术,以分析在不同时间点各组小鼠Th2细胞和ILC2细胞数目和占肺组织总细胞比例,并对Th2型细胞因子的来源进行分析.结果 与生理盐水组相比,各实验组BALF中总细胞数明显增加;HE染色可见OVA、IL-25和IL-33均可诱导哮喘典型病理学改变;各实验组肺组织中Th2细胞与ILC2细胞均明显上升,数量上以Th2细胞为主,两者均可产生Th2型细胞因子IL-5和IL-13,且以Th2细胞为主.而在致哮喘样改变、促进Th2细胞和ILC2细胞在小鼠肺部聚集等方面,以IL-33的效应最强.结论 在过敏原OVA和非过敏原IL-25、IL-33诱导的哮喘模型中,Th2型细胞因子主要来源均为Th2细胞,提示Th2细胞在哮喘的发生、发展中起到主要作用.IL-33可能是过敏性和非过敏性哮喘患者个体化治疗的潜在靶点.

目的 实验教学是对医学生实践能力、科技素养、科学精神培养的重要环节.通过对第二课堂的活动内容、创新方式的探索,能够满足学生对教学内容的求知欲,更好地培养学生的综合素质.方法 本实验室通过在本科生中开展综合性实验"兔抗人IgG免疫血清的制备"的第二课堂活动,使学生亲自参与实验方案的设计、实施而达到实验目的.结果 学生获得了相关实验的完整体验.这一活动不仅对学生对专业知识的掌握与理解有所帮助,同时对学生的知识面有所发展及延伸,使学生对于知识探索的积极性和主观能动性有更加深刻的认识与提高.结论 参与本实验的学生的专业实践能力和综合素质得到不同程度的提升.

在病原生物学实验教学中,对有形成分的形态观察,无论是对寄生虫的虫卵、幼虫、成虫的形态观察,还是各种细菌或真菌的染色观察,亦或是口腔黏膜中的活体微生物观察,都要借助显微镜才能完成.教学过程中常使用的是普通光学显微镜、体视显微镜和暗视野显微镜.这些显微镜各具特点,是否正确选择和规范地使用显微镜关系到能否准确找到并清晰观察到病原体.在实验教学中,如何让学生掌握并熟练使用显微镜,是我们应该认真思考、积极探索并致力解决的问题.

Objective To study the validity period of Iodophor under different temperature, different hours and different using frequency. Methods Put Iodophor disinfectant under 18℃, 25℃ or 30℃ environment respectively, opening the bottle cap of Iodophor continuous 10 times per day before taking 50 ml of Iodophor disinfectant. The accelerate test was done after 14 days putting Iodophor disinfectant under 54℃ environment. The effective iodine content was determined according to Technical Standard for Disinfection (2002).Results The effective iodine content in iodophor disinfectant remained stable after 14 days of continuous use 140 times under 18℃, 25℃, and 30℃ degrees Celsius. The accelerate test results show that the effective iodine content also remained stable. Conclusion The effective iodine content in iodophor remained stable in 2 weeks. The iodophor could meet the needs of experimental teaching.

Objective To establish micro plate methods to test the antibacterial and bactericidal effect of iodophor. Meth-ods The neutralizer appraisal test was carried out with the micro plate method. Suspension quantitative germicidal test with the micro plate was used to test the killing effect of iodophor on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of iodophor were tested by broth microdilution methods,and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) with streaking on medium plate. Results Suspension quantitative germicidal test with the micro plate showed the killing effect of iodophor ( 310 ~2500 mg/L ) on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli increased gradually with the extension of time(10 s~5 min). The MIC and MBC of iodophor was 625 mg/L on Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Conclusion Ac-cording to these local results,the micro plate methods can be employed to evaluate the antibacterial and bactericidal effect of iodophor.

作为第一课堂的延展，病原生物学与免疫学实验室开展的第二课堂科研实践创新活动，使学生有机会进行科研训练，了解科学研究过程，大大拓展了学生学习的深度和广度。通过探索和实践，对于医学生科学思维的训练、专业知识的拓宽、科研能力的培养、自主学习能力的培养、动手实践能力的提升、团队合作意识的建立都起到了一定的促进作用。

Objective Comparison of modified Hiss capsule staining method and carbolfuchsin staining method for streptococcus pneumoniae capsule.Methods Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule were be observed under optical microscope after modified Hiss staining and carbolfuchsin staining.Results The modified Hiss staining method is easy to operate simply. The bacterial capsule is clearly and shows a flagrant contrast with the original sample after dye stain. The procedure of carbolfuchsin staining method is much tedious and sometimes bad conifguration, so that it is dififcult for medical students to carried out the staining procedure and observe capsule.Conclusion The modiifed Hiss staining method got a good result during the experience teaching.

病原生物学是一门重要的基础医学课程.病原生物学实验不但可以使学生加深对理论知识的理解与记忆,学习掌握有关的基本实验操作技能,更能培养学生实事求是的科学态度、独立分析问题和解决问题的能力.从事病原生物学实验教学工作的实验技术人员,应具备较高的综合素质、较好的专业知识水平和过硬的技术技能,才能为顺利完成实验教学任务做好保障工作.

Experimental instrument and equipment is the important material conditions of experiment teaching in medical universities. The integrity rate of the experimental instruments and equipment directly affects the quality of experiment teaching. In order to ensure the smooth progress of experimental teaching,we should not only strengthen the equipment daily maintenance and management, but also carry out the standardized management of instruments and equipment into the experiment teaching. In this paper, we do a preliminary discussion on the management and use of experimental instruments and equipment in the experiment teaching center.

寄生虫形态的观察是人体寄生虫学教学实验的重要内容,而一些用于观察的实验标本逐渐损耗减少并难以重新获取,对这些实验标本的良好保存应当值得关注。

作为一名刚毕业的大学生,工作初期容易存在心态不成熟,工作经验不足,人际关系紧张等一系列问题。要想更好地做一名合格的基础医学实验技术员,需要从对工作的认识、环境因素的改变、心态因素的转变、学习内容的变化等角度进行理性分析,提高认识,找出自身不足,才能顺利完成从学生到技术员的职业转换。

随着国际交流的广泛开展和我国医学教育事业的不断发展,来华学习医学的外国学生数量不断增加。面对这个特殊人群,如何合理有效地根据他们的自身特点采取必要措施,做好病原生物学实验课程的生物安全防范,就越来越成为这门实验课程的重要教学内容之一。