Crayfish, (Procambarus clarkii) was treated with different concentrations of Cu~(2+) , the ac-tivity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas, antennary gland and gill measured. It was found that crayfish survived 10 mg/L Cu~(2+) , in which the activity of SOD and CAT in hepatopancreas and antennary gland increased during 0-24 hour and the activity of CAT reach its max at 24 hour; after 24 hour, CAT in hepatopancreas and antennary gland gradually decreased, SOD still increased and reach it max level at 36th hour; after 48 hour SOD and CAT of hepatopancreas and antennary gland were decreased and reach a stable level, SOD activity were increase and CAT activity was decreased signifi-cantly compare with controlled; while the activity of SOD and CAT in gill showed no evident changes dur-ing the process of Cu~(2+) treatment.

为了对长江下游地区克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)群体的遗传多样性状况进行本底调查,本文利用17对微卫星引物对南京(NJ)、盱眙(XY)、合肥(HF)、南昌(NC)4个克氏原螯虾地理群体进行了遗传多样性研究.结果表明,4个地理群体的平均观测杂合度为0.4322-0.4826、平均期望杂合度为0.4024-0.6121、平均多态信息含量为0.3408-0.5624,4个克氏原螯虾群体的遗传多样性处于中等水平,其中南京群体遗传多样性最高,合肥群体最低;4个克氏原螯虾群体的基因流为1.3729-5.9161,遗传分化指数为0.0405-0.1540,群体间基因流水平较高,群体间遗传分化程度较小.聚类结果显示4个群体可分为2支:南京、南昌、盱眙三个群体聚为一支,合肥群体独自成一支.以上结果将为克氏原螯虾遗传育种、资源保护和利用提供一定的理论依据.

The correlation between heavy metals pollution and crustacean's response is widely studied. The crayfish,Procambarus clarkii,has been extensively studied as a bioindicator of the effects of pollutants and also for its economic importance. This study aimed at evaluating the role of antioxidant defenses during cadmium-induced oxidative stress. The superoxide dismutases(SOD) and catalase(CAT) in hepatopancreas,antennary gland and gill of crayfish were investigated,which induced by cadmium at different concentrations and exposure times. Results showed:when crayfish were treated with 10 mg·L-1 Cd2+,the activities of SOD and CAT in hepatopancreas and antennary gland were first increased swiftly at earlier stage and then decreased to a stable lower level after 72 hours,while SOD and CAT activities in gill were not affected significantly(P0.05) . When crayfish were exposed to a higher concentration(30 mg·L-1) ,the activities of SOD and CAT in hepatopancreas,antennary gland and gill were inhibited significantly(P0.05) . In addition,SOD and CAT activities in gill were lower significantly than those in hepatopancreas and antennary gland(P0.05) ,the stress response to Cd2+ were more sensitive in hepatopancreas and antennary gland than in gill. These suggested that the antioxidant enzyme system in hepatopancreas and antennary gland played an important role on resisting Cd2+ at the earlier stage,while the activities of antioxidant enzyme were inhibited significantly at the later stage. In addition,the lower concentration of cadmium(7.5 mg·L-1) induced the activities of both SOD and CAT in hepatopancreas and antennary gland,while the higher concentration of cadmium(30 mg·L-1) inhibited significantly the activities of antioxidant enzyme in the three kind of tissues,this indicated that the antioxidase system might be damaged by the higher concentration of cadmium.

【Objective】 The genetic variability,genetic relationship and phylogenetics of Yangtze river wild carp,Red purse carp and Singguo red carp were studied.【Method】 The mtDNA D-loop sequences of the three chinese carps were obtained by PCR and sequencing.The cladogram was constructed by mtDNA D-loop sequences of the three sequenced carps and five carps from the GenBank.【Result】 The contents of nucleotide in three carps were similar to that in vertebrate.The sum content of A+T was higher than that of C+G.The content of nucleotide T was highest in four nucleotides in three carps,and the average content was 33.5%;nucleotide C was lowest and the average content was 13.7%.There were 2 insert loci,28 transition loci and 7 transversion loci in 37 mutational loci which were found in the three carps and transition was the major mutational type.The haplotype diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was highest(0.984) in three carps,but that of the red purse carp was the lowest(0.113).The Nucleotide diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was highest(0.006 23) and that of the red purse carp was the lowest(0.000 12).The result showed the genetic diversity of Yangtze river wild carp was more abundant than that of the other two carps and the red purse carp was the leanest.8 carps were clustered into 2 groups based on the UPGMA.The first group only included Germany common carp,the second group included the rest.【Conclusion】 The red purse carp and Singguo red carp which were originated in the Jiangxi province were independently separated from the common carp by the body colour mation.

为了对生产上应用的5个尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)品系的遗传背景进行本底调查,以期为育种工作提供基础数据,本文用19对微卫星引物对5个尼罗罗非鱼品系(苏丹品系、台湾品系、吉富品系、超雄品系Ⅰ和超雄品系Ⅱ)进行了遗传多样性分析,计算并统计了等位基凶数、多态信息含量(PIC)、杂合度、遗传相似性系数、遗传距离等参数.结果表明19个微卫星位点在5个罗非鱼品系中共检测到113个等位基因,平均期望杂合度在0.578-0.692之间,平均多态信息含量在0.473-0.628之间.5个尼罗罗非鱼品系有较丰富的遗传多样性,而超雄品系Ⅰ的遗传多样性相对较为贫乏.

<正>澳大利亚拥有丰富的螯虾养殖品种,其中的红螯螯虾、麦龙螯虾和雅氏螯虾都是深受人们喜爱的养殖品种。澳大利亚也是这三种螯虾的主要生产国和消费国。该国从1960年开始养殖和研究淡水螯虾,1988-1989年螯虾养殖产量为70t到1994-1995年度产

<正>欧洲是世界上淡水螯虾养殖的主要地区之一,并且也是淡水螯虾消费和进口的主要地区之一。其中英国、法国、瑞典和意大利等地的螯虾养殖特别是河虾科类螯虾的养殖起步比较早,已经形成了一套比较完善的商品化养殖体

<正>近年来随着人们对水产品需求量的增加,水产养殖业得到了快速的发展。但大规模高密度养殖造成的水环境污染,致使水产病害日趋严重,特别是病毒性疾病造成的损失更是惊人。目前,养殖者大多使用化学合成或抗生素类药物。由于药物残留、诱变抗药菌株及水体污染等副作用,导致了我国水产品在出口时遇到种种障碍,严重阻碍了养殖业的发展。因此,采用疫苗预防水产动物疾病,成为各国研究者关注的重要内容。

匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)原是美国特有的一种大型淡水经济鱼类,体重可达83kg,主要分布在密西西比河流域.隶属于鲟形目,匙吻鲟科,匙吻鲟属.匙吻鲟主食浮游生物,生长十分迅速,且性情温顺,适应性强,容易捕捞,养殖成本低,其卵和肉都有较高的食用价值.1990年,中国开始从美国引进匙吻鲟受精卵进行养殖生产开发.本文对匙吻鲟的生物学特性、人工繁殖、疾病防治以及在我国的养殖现状和发展前景作了综述性的报道,以期对我国匙吻鲟的研究有所帮助.