The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is an economically important aquaculture species in China, yet its artificial seed production is severely hindered by unclear optimal dosages and unknown molecular mechanisms of hormone-induced ovulation. To address this bottleneck, this study evaluated the dose-dependent efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in inducing ovulation and investigated the underlying regulatory network. Sexually mature female swamp eels were injected with graded doses of hCG (1000–8000 IU/kg). Ovarian responses were assessed via ovulation rate monitoring, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, and biochemical assays. Results showed that 4000 IU/kg hCG achieved the highest ovulation rate (80%), exhibiting a clear dose–response relationship. Mechanistically, hCG significantly activated the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, upregulated key genes including CYP11A1, and elevated serum progesterone levels. Concurrently, hCG triggered metabolic reprogramming in ovarian tissue, enhanced energy metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and activated pyroptosis-related genes (GSDMeb, Caspase-1, IL-1β). These findings demonstrate that hCG orchestrates ovulation in swamp eel through coordinated activation of progesterone signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and pyroptosis. The identified optimal dose and mechanistic insights provide a theoretical basis for developing standardized artificial spawning protocols for swamp eel in aquaculture.

We developed and validated a fluorescence-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the parallel quantification of four key pituitary hormones-growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), somatolactin alpha (SLα), and somatolactin beta (SLβ)-in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The assay utilizes recombinant grass carp hormones as standards and corresponding rabbit polyclonal antibodies, with biotin-avidin-HRP amplification and HPPA-based fluorescence detection. Standard curves demonstrated high linearity and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (ID50) ranging from 8.004 to 18.63 ng/mL. We successfully applied this ELISA to quantify hormone levels in plasma and culture medium from primary pituitary cell culture after stimulation with GHRH, SST, cortisol, and CRH, confirming its ability to detect physiologically relevant changes. This reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective ELISA provides a valuable tool for monitoring endocrine status in grass carp, with potential applications in growth performance assessment, reproductive management, and stress response studies in aquaculture. The method may also be adaptable to other cyprinid species due to high hormone sequence conservation.

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) is established as a critical regulator of teleost gonadal development, functioning not only as a follicle-stimulating-hormone-releasing hormone (FSH-RH) but also stimulating gonadal development through three distinct mechanisms. Specifically, (1) CCK directly activates pituitary lhb transcription via CCKBRb in a specific bi-hormonal subpopulation, and indirectly enhances hypothalamic gnrh3 expression to regulate LH synthesis and secretion. However, CCK’s physiological role in LH regulation requires further investigation, and its effect may involve both direct and indirect mechanisms, including targeting a specific bi-hormonal subpopulation. (2) CCK exerts gonadotropin-independent control over primordial germ cell (PGC) proliferation during embryogenesis, evidenced by significantly reduced PGC numbers in cck1 −/− ;cck2 −/− and cckbrb −/− mutants, a phenotype absent in fshb −/− and lhb −/− ;fshb −/− zebrafish. (3) CCK initiates meiosis and maintains gonadal somatic cell survival by suppressing apoptosis; these processes are abrogated in CCK-deficient mutants but remain intact in gonadotropin-deficient lines. Collectively, hypothalamic and peripheral CCK cells regulate gonadal function through gonadotropin-dependent and gonadotropin-independent pathways, respectively, thereby coordinating gonadal development from germline establishment to maturation.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an important aquaculture species, yet no specific immunoassay is available for quantifying its pituitary gonadotropins-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-which are key regulators of reproduction in vertebrates. Here, we developed and validated competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for grass carp LH and FSH using recombinant proteins and specific polyclonal antibodies. The recombinant proteins were expressed in E. coli based on the native hormone sequences, and polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits. Antibody specificity was validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, which confirmed that LH and FSH are produced by distinct cell populations in the grass carp pituitary, consistent with the organizational pattern observed in other teleosts. The standard curves showed excellent correlation (mean R2 = 0.994). Assay sensitivities were 1.27 ng/mL for LH and 1.18 ng/mL for FSH, with IC50 values of 9.19 ng/mL and 9.29 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-assay CVs ranged from 0.68% to 4.10% (LH) and 0.44% to 4.27% (FSH), while inter-assay CVs averaged 5.43% and 1.92%, demonstrating good reproducibility. Using this assay, we quantified LH and FSH levels in grass carp across different developmental stages, revealing distinct age- and sex-specific secretion patterns that provide insights into the differential regulation of gonadotropins during sexual maturation in cyprinids. The assay also successfully detected hormone responses to salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) stimulation both in vivo and in vitro. This ELISA system provides a reliable tool for investigating gonadotropin dynamics in grass carp and offers a methodological foundation for comparative studies on the endocrine regulation of reproduction in teleost fishes.

The general association between longevity and energy metabolism has been well-documented for some time, yet the specific metabolic processes that regulate longevity remain largely unexplored. In contrast to the common active swimming daphnids (e.g., Daphnia sinensis), Simocephalus vetulus is notable for being sedentary and having a lower metabolic rate, yet it has a longer lifespan than D. sinensis. In this study, metabolomic analysis and drug validation experiments are employed to demonstrate that the lower pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity reduces the locomotor performance of S. vetulus and to identify PDH activity as a regulator of the lifespan of daphnids. Inhibition of PDH activity in daphnids by CPI-613 attenuates its ATP supply and locomotor performance but significantly induces longevity. The study also determines that the invertebrate neurotransmitter octopamine and temperature have a significant impact on PDH activity and modulate daphnids lifespan. And when the effects of temperature and octopamine on PDH activity are counteracted by inhibitors or agonists, the impact on lifespan becomes ineffective. These results support an important role for PDH in lifespan regulation and locomotor performance in daphnids and provide insights into the metabolic regulation of lifespan.

β-ionone is a volatile metabolite of Microcystis aeruginosa that is toxic to aquatic organisms. Using Daphnia sinensis as model, our present study found that β-ionone could significantly reduce heart rate and feeding rate, and induce intestinal emptying. Transcriptomic analysis showed that β-ionone could significantly inhibit the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) mRNA, while metabolomics further revealed that β-ionone could significantly increase the level of acetylcholine (Ach) in D. sinensis. These results indicated that β-ionone might act as an AchE inhibitor, resulting in an increase in Ach levels. To test this hypothesis, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that β-ionone could significantly reduce AchE activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of β-ionone on heart rate and feeding rate could be blocked by the M-type Ach receptor (mAchR) blocker. These findings confirm that β-ionone is a novel AchE inhibitor. β-ionone could inhibit the activity of AchE, which in turn resulted in an increase of Ach in D. sinensis. Consequently, elevated levels of Ach could suppress the heart rate and feeding rate of D. sinensis by activating the mAchR, while concurrently accelerating the rate of intestinal emptying by stimulating intestinal peristalsis, thereby obstructing the digestion of algae within the intestinal tract.

The ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) is inherently timid and highly sensitive to stress. Our previous studies have shown that low-temperature weather could significantly affect the sperm vitality of ricefield eels. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature effects on testicular function and sperm vitality in ricefield eels. The ricefield eels were initially reared at low (10 °C) and normal (25 °C) temperatures for 24 h. Low temperatures were found to induce the expression of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and testes insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) mRNA expression, suggesting that the reduction in sperm vitality could be attributed to the activation of the stress axis. Moreover, the results indicated a significant decrease in sperm occupancy and count in the testes, along with a reduced percentage of motile sperm. Subsequent transcriptome analysis showed substantial inhibition of reproductive hormone genes (gnrh1, lh, and fsh) in the brain and pituitary, and downregulation of meiosis-related genes (dmc1, rec8, and sycp3) in the testes. These findings suggest that low temperatures might disrupt testicular development and spermatogenesis by inhibiting the reproductive axis. Metabolomics analysis then demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of metabolites related to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the testes after low-temperature treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zona pellucida sperm-binding proteins 3 and 4 (ZP3 and ZP4), which may affect sperm vitality and spermatogenesis, was significantly induced by low temperatures in the testes. In conclusion, these findings suggested that low temperatures might affect testicular function and sperm vitality by simultaneously activating the stress axis and inhibiting the reproductive axis and energy metabolism in the testes.

β-cyclocitral is one of the major compounds in cyanobacterial volatile organic compound (VOCs) and can poison other aquatic organisms. To investigate the effect of β-cyclocitral on cyanobacterial-grazer interactions, Daphnia sinensis was fed Microcystis aeruginosa and exposed to β-cyclocitral. Our present study demonstrated that M. aeruginosa could significantly inhibit D. sinensis grazing. And the grazing inhibition by Microcystis aeruginosa results from the suppression of feeding rate, heart rate, thoracic limb activity and swimming speed of D. sinensis. In addition, M. aeruginosa could also induce intestinal peristalsis and emptying in D. sinensis. Interestingly, our present study found that the exposure to β-cyclocitral could mimic a range of phenotypes induced by M. aeruginosa in D. sinensis. These results suggested that M. aeruginosa could release β-cyclocitral to inhibit Daphnia grazing. To further examine the toxic mechanism of β-cyclocitral in Daphnia, several in vivo and in vitro experiments displayed that β-cyclocitral was a novel inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It could induce the accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) by inhibiting AchE activity in D. sinensis. High level of endogenous Ach could inhibit feeding rate and induce intestinal peristalsis and emptying in D. sinensis.

Fish assemblages inhabiting the Taizi River basin have been severely degraded by anthropogenic disturbances, which weaken the basin’s ecological function and limited revitalization of the northeast industrial base. Long-term ecological rehabilitation has been conducted to restore the fish fauna and improve habitat conditions. To explore fish distribution patterns and key factors after this ecological rehabilitation, a comprehensive and detailed survey of fish fauna was conducted twice in 2021 at 33 sampling sites in the Taizi River. A total of 50 fish species from 13 families were collected, and the dominant species were P. lagowskii, Z. platypus, C. auratus and P. parva. Compared to results reported over the last decade, the increasing trend in fish richness and the change in the longitudinal fish organization were detected. The abundance variation for P. lagowskii, Z. platypus, C. auratus, P. parva, R. ocellatus and H. leucisculus along the upstream to downstream axis contributed most to the fish distribution pattern. Species replacement and addition might have jointly caused the longitudinal changes in the fish fauna, but species replacement was the main underlying mechanism. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results show that the fish structure pattern was mainly shaped by cultivated land coverage and urban land coverage. Our study provides reference sites for future fish-based bioassessment and implications for region-specific management in the Taizi River.

Daphnia sinensis is a widespread freshwater microcrustacean. The assembled D. sinensis genome totaled 131.58 Mb with 92.23% of the assembly anchored onto 10 chromosomes. Based on the whole genome information, we further compared the transcriptomic and epigenomic characterization among parthenogenetic females, sexual females and males in D. sinensis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in males were mainly grouped into the cuticle, sex differentiation and methyl farnesoate synthesis, which might play a pivotal role in steering development and reproduction processes. By comparison, the highly expressed genes in parthenogenetic females were mainly grouped into energy metabolism, mitosis, and DNA replication, which might contribute to maintaining rapid production of parthenogenetic females, and nutrient uptake for the growth of neonates. The whole-genome DNA methylation analysis showed that the methylation rate in parthenogenetic females was higher than that in sexual females and males, which might contribute to its rapid response to environment stress.

The microbial food web is an important part in aquatic ecosystem, but studies on the microbial food web in freshwater ecosystem, especially in freshwater eutrophic lakes, still need further investigation. In the present study, using eutrophic Lake Nanhu as model, the community changes of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria between the bloom and non-bloom period were analyzed, and microzooplankton grazing experiments were also conducted to measure the grazing pressure and selectivity of microzooplankton on phytoplankton community. Phytoplankton community in Lake Nanhu was mainly dominated by Cyanophyta (49.44%), especially Anabaena circinalis and Microcystis flos-aquae, during bloom period. Rotifers were the main components of zooplankton in Lake Nanhu (44.15%), Brachionus calyciflorus and Moina macrocopa were the most dominant zooplankton in the non-bloom and bloom period, respectively. Bacteroidetes showed significantly higher mean proportion in bloom period than that in non-bloom period (p < 0.001). The growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from −1.00 d−1 to 1.29 d−1, while grazing rates of microzooplankton ranged from −1.15 d−1 to 1.05 d−1. Results indicated that microzooplankton could respond quickly to the increase of phytoplankton during bloom period. Meanwhile, microzooplankton showed grazing preference on Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta during bloom period and non-bloom period, respectively. The microzooplankton grazing selectivity during bloom period might depend on phytoplankton community composition.

Anomopoda is the widespread planktonic microcrustacean, which plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystem. There are few studies about the evolutionary relationships among various Anomopoda basing on molecular data. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of eight Anomopoda was carried out. Firstly, the culture system was developed to breed cladocerans. By using this system, eight species (Daphnia magna, D. pulex, D. sinensis, Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Moina micrura, Scapholeberis kingi, Simocephalus vetulus and Eurycercus lamellatus) were purified and cultured stably in the laboratory. Then, transcriptomic sequences and partial mitochondrial DNA sequences were both used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree among 8 species. Transcriptomic sequences were sequenced on Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. After assembly and annotation, transcriptomic sequences were spliced together and aligned for phylogenetic analysis. Basing on the orthologous genes derived from transcriptomic sequences, the phylogenetic analysis showed that 4 genera of Daphniidae were clustered into one group, and among the 4 genera, Ceriodaphnia was closer to Daphnia than Simocephalus, while Scapholeberis was farthest from other species. In addition, Eurycercidae was closer to Daphniidae than Moinidae. The phylogenetic trees based on both 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA sequences were similar with that based on transcriptomic sequences. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences was more suitable than that based on 12S rRNA sequences. These results suggested that the phylogenetic analysis basing on the transcriptomic sequences was available in cladocerans, which will help us to effectively understand the phylogenetic relationships among various cladocerans.

Mesozooplankton have been known to be important consumers of phytoplankton, and the community plays an important role in removing the primary production in the marine ecosystem. In the present study, mesozooplankton grazing on phytoplankton were studied in situ at two sampling stations (TM4 and TM8) in Tolo Harbour. HPLC analysis showed that diatoms were the dominant phytoplankton in the two stations throughout the year, and contributed on average to over 40% of total phytoplankton biomass. Dinoflagellates were the second most abundant group of phytoplankton in the two monitoring stations, while the contribution of haptophytes, green algae, cyanobacteria, and cryptophytes was negligible. Feeding experiments, combined with HPLC pigment analysis, were conducted to measure mesozooplankton selective feeding on phytoplankton. The results demonstrated that mesozooplankton displayed a clear feeding selectivity for phytoplankton in Tolo Harbour. Firstly, mesozooplankton showed strong preference for the phytoplankton with the size of 20–200 μm, which suggested that the grazing selectivity and grazing rates of mesozooplankton were affected by the size of the food particles. On the other hand, mesozooplankton assemblages in Tolo Harbour displayed significant feeding selectivity for diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes over other types of phytoplankton. The three algae groups are all the major phototrophic components in marine planktonic communities, and they often cause red tides in the marine environment. These results, taken together, suggested that mesozooplankton should play an important role in the regulation of red tides.

实验应用稳定同位素技术及贝叶斯混合模型对西藏湖泊巴松措水文时期的食物网结构及碳的来源进行了探究.结果显示:巴松措食物网δ13 C在-28.66‰～-12.19‰变化,δ15 N值的变化为0.01‰～10.50‰;鱼类营养级的范围为2.99～3.71,平均营养级为3.36.在四种基础食物源中,附着藻类对巴松措食物网贡献度最高,占33.09％.外源性碳是巴松措食物网最主要的碳来源,占59.63％.杂食性鱼类在枯水季对内源性碳需求度更高,而丰水季对外源性碳需求度更高.结果表明由枯水季到丰水季的水文变化没有改变消费者利用附着藻类的能力,但对消费者利用外源性碳有积极作用.

异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori Lloyd)为中国特有种,由于过度捕捞和生物入侵等因素,其种群生存受到极大威胁.2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江拉孜至尼木江段共采集异齿裂腹鱼1126尾,利用单位补充量模型对其种群资源利用现状及其养护措施进行了研究.结果表明,雌性和雄性异齿裂腹鱼年总瞬时死亡率(Z)分别为0.11/a和0.16/a,雌、雄种群自然死亡率(M)范围分别为0.08/a～0.09/a和0.10/a～0.12/a,雌雄鱼的当前捕捞死亡率(Fcur)范围分别为0.02/a～0.03/a和0.04/a～0.06/a.异齿裂腹鱼雌鱼种群繁殖潜力比范围为61.7％～73.1％,全部高于目标参考点(40％),雄鱼种群繁殖潜力比范围为48.5％～63.3％,全部高于目标参考点(40％).这表明在现有的资源养护措施下,异齿裂腹鱼种群的利用基本合理,但要防止长期持续利用对种群的不利影响.14种不同养护措施模拟结果表明,将异齿裂腹鱼的起捕年龄设置为不小于17龄或禁渔期至少设置为2—5月,可实现对其资源的有效养护.

The water flea Daphnia carinata is emerging as a new model for biological studies due to its natural cyclical parthenogenesis and small genome. However, no genomic information for the D. carinata is currently available. Here, we reported a chromosome-scale genome assembly of D. carinata. The assembled D. carinata (WSL) genome was consisted of 131.58 Mb, and 92.23% (121.36 Mb) of the assembly was anchored onto 10 chromosomes. Basing on the whole genome information, we further compared the transcriptomic and epigenomic characterization among parthenogenetic females (PF), sexual females (SF) and males (M) in D. carinata. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the highly expressed genes in M were mainly grouped into the cuticle, phototransduction, hypoxia-response, sex differentiation, and methyl farnesoate synthesis. Besides, compared to M and SF, the highly expressed genes in PF were mainly grouped into energy metabolism, mitosis, DNA replication, and RNA splicing. miRNAomic analysis showed that several miRNA-mRNA pairs may be the functional modules in the reproductive regulation of D. carinata, such as novel-miR-4—brat, novel-miR-21—lin-9 pairs, novel-miR-110—gl, novel-miR-4—eIF3-S9. The whole-genome DNA methylation analysis showed that genome-wide methylation rate was very low in D. carinata, and DNA methylation sites were mainly enriched in the gene body region. Comparative analysis showed that the genome-wide methylation rate in PF was higher than that in SF and M. Differentially methylation region-related genes were all mainly grouped in metabolic process, catalytic activity, binding/ion binding, and cellular process.

Phytoplankton are the primary producers at the basis of aquatic food webs, and bacteria play an important role in energy flow and biochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, both the bacterial and phytoplankton communities were examined in the oligotrophic Lake Basomtso and the eutrophic Lake South (China). The results of this study showed that the phytoplankton density and diversity in the eutrophic lake were higher than those in the oligotrophic lake. Furthermore, Chlorophyta (68%) and Cryptophyta (24%) were the dominant groups in the eutrophic lake, while Bacillariophyta (95%) dominated in the oligotrophic lake. The bacterial communities in the waters and sediments of the two lakes were mainly composed of Proteobacteria (mean of 32%), Actinobacteria (mean of 25%), Bacteroidetes (mean of 12%), and Chloroflexi (mean of 6%). Comparative analysis showed that the abundance of bacteria in the eutrophic lake was higher than that in the oligotrophic lake (p < 0.05), but the bacterial diversity in the oligotrophic lake was higher than that in the eutrophic lake (p < 0.05). Finally, the bacterial abundance and diversity in the sediments of the two lakes were higher than those in the water samples (p < 0.05), and the Latescibacteria and Nitrospinae groups were identified only in the sediments. These results suggest that both the phytoplankton and bacterial communities differed considerably between the oligotrophic lake and the eutrophic lake.

In this study, three kinds of monocarboxylic acids, formic, acetic, and propionic acids, are first applied to modified microalgae residuals (M1-RD, M2-RD, and M3-RD, respectively) after lipid extraction, aiming to enhance the adsorption capacity and selective binding ability for Hg(II) ions in simulated wastewater. The effect of pH, temperature, and initial Hg(II) concentration was investigated to identify the optimum adsorption conditions. Batch adsorption tests showed that the maximum adsorption efficiency obtained was 96.7% for Ml-RD, 91.1% for M2-RD, and 84.4% for M3-RD at pH 4.05 compared to 48.5 and 57.6% for raw and residual microalgae at pH 5.01, respectively. The adsorption capacity of raw, residual, and modified microalgae increased with the increase of the temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model tests showed that the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity among three modified adsorbents reached 63 +/- 3 mg/g for M1-RD, in contrast to 17 +/- 1 and 25 +/- 2 mg/g for raw and residual microalgae, respectively. The characterization of the modified sample by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibrous structure of the algae was decomposed by carboxyl groups in organic acids involved in microalgae, resulting in a larger surface area and more binding sites. In consideration of ion interference in the actual process, a kind of actual desulfurization wastewater from a 1000 MW coal-fired power plant (Guangdong, China) was introduced in the simulated adsorption system. Verification tests in desulfurization wastewater showed that up to 96% of Hg(II) ions were removed, probably as a result of co-precipitation of mercury and other co-existing ions.

17 beta-estradiol (E2) is an important sex steroid produced by ovary and brain. In mammals, E2 plays an important role in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis to regulate puberty onset, however, little is known about the functional role of E2 in teleost pituitary. Using prepubertal grass carp as model, three nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs: estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta 1, and estrogen receptor beta 2) and two G protein-coupled estrogen receptors (GPER1: GPER1a and GPER1b) were isolated from grass carp pituitary. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that both nERs and GPERs were highly detected in grass carp pituitary, which suggested that E2 should play an important role in grass carp pituitary. Using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as model, high-throughput RNA-seq was used to examine the E2-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptomic analysis showed that E2 could significantly upregulate the expression of 28 genes in grass carp pituitary cells, which were characterized into different functions including reproduction, gonad development, and central nervous system development. Further studies confirmed that E2 could induce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and mRNA expression in prepubertal grass carp pituitary in vivo and in vitro. In the pituitary, LH and FSH regulation by E2 were mediated by both ER beta and GPER1. Apparently, E2-induced LH beta and FSH beta mRNA expression were mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C, and Ca2+/calmodulin/ CaM-dependent protein kinase II pathways. In addition to LH and FSH, E2 could also induce growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (a novel regulator for pituitary development) mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results, as a whole, suggested that E2 could play an important role in gonadotropin hormone release and pituitary development in prepubertal grass carp.

To improve the performance of growth traits and survival in common carp, CyCa nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish (C) was used as parental fish for hybridization with Russian scattered mirror carp (R). Performances in morphological characters, growth traits and survival rate were compared among the purebreds (CC & RR) and crossbreds (RC & CR) at different time period in solitary and communal rearing system, respectively. The results demonstrated that both RC and CR crossbreds inherited the grey skin color type from the mirror carp, and got the full-scale pattern from the CyCa nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish, which suggested that the grey color dominated to red color and full-scale dominated to scattered scale. With respect to yield, the RC crossbreds perform quite great compared to the RR and CC purebreds because they have quite high growth and survival rate. In contrast to RC crossbreds, the CR crossbreds performed poorly in growth traits, together with that crosses where scattered mirror carp was used as mother (RC and RR) achieved the greatest performance for all growth traits, suggested that the maternal influence also displayed an important role in growth traits. These results indicated that the RC crossbreds will be a potential carp variety for commercial production.