为评价发酵豆腐渣代替部分全价料对育肥猪生长性能的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验,选取84头日龄相近,体重为51.58±2.58 kg的健康杜×长×大育肥猪,分为2个处理.基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验组在每100 kg基础日粮中额外添加发酵豆腐渣15 kg.试验期61 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加发酵豆腐渣对育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均无显著性差异(P>0.05);试验组饲料成本比对照组饲料成本低0.20元·kg-1,造肉成本试验组比对照组低0.44元·kg-1.发酵豆腐渣代替部分全价料对育肥猪生长性能无显著影响,同时降低了养殖成本带来经济效益.

为评价湿发酵豆粕代替干豆粕对育肥猪饲喂效果的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机实验,选取日龄相近、体重为51.81±4.22 kg的健康杜×长×大育肥猪84头,分为两个处理.基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中用湿发酵豆粕代替未发酵干豆粕.试验期61d.结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加发酵豆粕对育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量以及料重比均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),发酵豆粕试验组去除水分的料重比对照组低0.02;试验组饲料成本比对照组饲料成本低0.11元·kg-1,造肉成本试验组比对照组低0.16元·kg-1.说明湿发酵豆粕代替干豆粕对育肥猪生长性能无显著影响,并降低了饲料成本.

To study the effects of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cattle, twenty healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) and supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d of TCM, respectively. The temperature-humidity index (THI) and milk yield were recorded. The mRNA expression of GSH-Px, CAT, Bcl2 and p53 genes was detected using RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes was determined through flow-cytometry. The results showed that the THI exceeded 72 during all experimental periods. Compared to group A (10.66 +/- 0.75 Kg), the milk yields of the cattle in group B, C and D were increased by 20.26 (P<0.05), 24.20 (P<0.05) and 16.98% (P>0.05), respectively. The somatic cell count in three treatment groups was lower than those in group A by 21.68 (P<0.05), 29.88 (P<0.05) and 24.22% (P<0.05), in group B, C and D respectively. The mean expression of GSH-Px and CAT genes were increased in groups B, C and D. The apoptosis rates of lymphocytes in the three treatment groups on the 40th day were lower than that of the control group by 27.45 (P<0.01), 27.36 (P<0.01) and 24.55% (P<0.01) in group B, C and D, respectively. The mean expression of Bcl-2 gene in groups B, C and D was increased, and the mean expression of p53 gene was decreased in three treatment groups. Thus, it is concluded that TCM can improve milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immune status of dairy cattle under heat stress, which can help dairy cattle to resist heat stress in hot seasons. (C) 2018 PVJ. All rights reserved

为研究环保肥猪料对肥猪生长性能、氨气和重金属排放的影响,探究环保肥猪料配方设计的可行性,试验选取400头80kg左右的育肥猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组200头肥猪,一组20栏(20个重复),每栏10头,两组分栋饲养.对照组饲喂常规大猪料,试验组饲喂环保肥猪料6D400,试验期30天.结果表明:日采食量、日增重和料重比在两组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中试验组料重比较对照组有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组氨气浓度,粪便中重金属铅、总砷和镉含量显著降低(P<0.05).结果表明,6D400环保型饲料与常规大猪料能达到同等生长效果的同时,降低了氨气和重金属的排放,说明环保配方的设计可行.

为研究低蛋白日粮对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响,试验分为大、中、小猪3个阶段进行,试验每个阶段分为3个处理组(1组、2组、3组),每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头.试验结果表明,在小、中猪阶段,在试验范围内,随着粗蛋白的降低,生长性能并没有显著性差异,在大猪阶段,随饲料粗蛋白水平的下降,料肉比显著升高(P＜0.05),但日增重与日平均采食量无显著差异.结果表明,在额外添加氨基酸保证氨基酸平衡的前提下,低蛋白日粮在生长育肥猪方面的应用是可行的.

试验旨在研究夏季高温条件下,无抗大猪料对育肥猪生长性能及肉品质的影响.选取体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交猪200头,随机分为2个组(A组和B组),每组5个重复,每个重复20头猪.A组饲喂普通大猪料,B组饲喂"九鼎"无抗大猪料(健猪宝),试验36 d结束后,在每个重复挑选4头体重接近的猪进行屠宰并测定肉质相关指标.结果表明,与A组相比,B组猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比分别改善了10.71%(P>0.05)、4.98%(P>0.05)和5.14%(P>0.05);肉红度值、剪切力和滴水损失分别改善了7.69%(P<0.05)、11.93%(P>0.05)和27.00%(P<0.05);背膘厚降低了18.39%(P<0.05).由此可见,在夏季高温持续热应激的条件下,使用"九鼎"无抗大猪料(健猪宝)可改善育肥猪的生长性能,显著提高猪肉品质,对于缓解热应激对育肥猪的不利影响具有重要的作用.

通过两个试验研究无抗日粮条件下,不同营养水平对杜×长×大中大猪生长性能的影响.试验一设4个营养水平:A组ME 13.18 MJ·kg-1、CP 16.5%、SID lys 1.0%,B组ME 13.18 MJ·kg-1、CP 16.0%、SID lys 1.05%,C组ME 12.97 MJ·kg-1、CP 16.0%、SID lys 1.0%,D组ME 12.97 MJ·kg-1、CP 16.0%、SID lys 1.05%.结果表明,不同处理组的平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05),4个处理组的平均日增重之间差异不显著(P>0.05),A组、C组和D组高于B组.不同处理料肉比之间差异显著(P<0.05),D组显著低于其他组.试验二设4个营养水平:E组ME 12.97 MJ·kg-1、CP 16.0%、SID lys 0.85%,F组ME 12.97 MJ·kg-1、CP 15.0%、SID lys 0.9%,G组ME 13.10 MJ·kg-1、CP 15.0%、SID lys 0.85%,H组ME 12.76 MJ·kg-1、CP 15.0%、SID lys 0.95%.结果表明,不同处理组平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),平均日增重之间差异显著(P<0.05),E组显著高于H组,料肉比之间差异显著(P<0.05),E组显著高于F组和H组.

随着我国畜牧业的发展,人畜争粮的现象越发严重.而发酵饲料作为近年来的研究热点,具有提高饲料的营养价值及利用率,"变废为宝"等作用,可以有效缓解人畜争粮的现象.本文就发酵饲料近些年来的研究进行了综述,以期为发酵饲料的开发、利用及推广提供坚实的理论依据.

为探讨复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响,选择产奶中后期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,按泌乳时间和产奶量相近的原则均分为A、B、C和D4组.A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D组分别在每头牛的基础日粮中添加50,100和150 g/d水平的复合中草药制剂.每天测定产奶量,在试验的第1(添加复合中草药制剂之前)、20和40天逐头采集血样,测定不同剂量复合中草药制剂对热应激奶牛血淋巴细胞凋亡率、血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因及血淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、p53表达水平的影响.结果表明,B、C和D组的日产奶量较对照组分别提高了20.26％ (P＜0.05),24.20％ (P＜0.05)和16.98％ (P＞0.05);乳中体细胞数较对照组分别降低了21.68％ (P＜0.05),29.88％(P＜0.05)和24.22％(P＜0.05);奶牛血液抗氧化酶GSH-Px、CAT基因的表达水平分别比对照组提高了5.00％ (P＞0.05),13.00％(P＜0.05),6.00％ (P＞0.05)和5.00％ (P＞0.05),16.00％ (P＜0.05),3.00％(P＞0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞平均凋亡率分别比A组降低了18.20％(P＞0.05),17.86％ (P＞0.05)和12.51％(P＞0.05);奶牛血淋巴细胞Bcl-2在20,40 d时均极显著高于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组高出105.00％(P＞0.05),113.00％(P＞0.05)和57.00％(P＞0.05);p53基因的表达水平在20,40 d时均极显著低于A组,全期的平均水平分别比对照组降低了24.00％(P＞0.05),28.00％(P＞0.05)和20.00％(P＞0.05).试验组中,C组奶牛的日产奶量、体细胞数、血液抗氧化酶活性、淋巴细胞凋亡相关基因表达等指标要优于B、D组;而血液淋巴细胞凋亡率指标为B组最好.说明复合中草药制剂能有效改善热应激奶牛的泌乳性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能,且在本试验条件下,每头牛日粮中添加100 g/d水平的效果要优于50及150 g/d水平.

为了研究重组猪脂联素对沙子岭猪屠宰性能的影响及机理，将10头100日龄的沙子岭种公猪随机均分为2组，试验组猪在第100和120日龄时通过肌肉注射重组猪脂联素25μg。10头猪均在140日龄时屠宰，测定猪不同组织中脂联素基因的表达水平及屠宰性能。结果表明，注射重组猪脂联素能显著提高沙子岭猪心脏、肝脏、脾脏、背脂、背肌、腹脂和股肌中脂联素基因的表达水平，并使屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积分别改善了4.11%(P跃0.05)、8.82%(P跃0.05)和7.24%(P>0.05)。说明外源性注射重组猪脂联素能在一定程度上改善沙子岭猪的屠宰性能。

为研究高粱和小麦替代玉米对PIC生长猪生产性能的影响,试验1和试验2分别选取约27和31 kg的PIC生长猪30头,随机均分为A、B、C3组,每组10个重复.试验日粮为颗粒饲料,试验1:A组(对照)饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,B、C两组分别利用高粱替代A料中全部和30％比例的玉米;试验2:A组(对照)饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,B、C组分别利用小麦替代A料中全部和30％比例的玉米.结果表明,试验1中,A组平均日采食量和平均日增重均最高,较B、C两组分别提高13.77％(P＜0.05)、2.61％(P＞0.05)和12.50％(P＞0.05)、14.08％(P＞0.05),A组的料肉比较B、C2组分别降低1.52％(P＞0.05)和10.60％(P＜0.01);试验2中,B组的平均日采食量和平均日增重较A组分别提高10.44％(P＞0.05)和1.11％(P＞0.05),而料肉比较A组提高了10.45％ (P＜0.05),C组平均日增重较A组降低4.44％ (P＞0.05),料肉比降低0.50％ (P＞0.05).结果表明,高粱替代日粮中全部或30％的玉米会对生长猪的生产性能产生一定的负面影响,而小麦以30％的比例替代玉米在性价比方面存在一定优势.

为研究微纳米中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪的影响,200头31.5 kg左右体重的杜长大三元杂交猪被随机饲喂无抗基础日粮(A组),基础日粮添加0.6％抗生素制剂(B组)和基础日粮添加1.0％、2.0％和3.0％水平的微纳米中草药添加剂(C、D、E组).试验期为90d,结束时选20头猪屠宰并采集血样,测定其生产性能、胴体性状、血清激素水平及抗氧化能力.结果表明:(1)C、D、E3组猪的ADG均较A组极显著提高;(2)B、C、D、E4组的眼肌面积均较A组显著提高;(3)C、D、E3组猪的血清GH和IGF-工水平较A组分别提高了9.33％(P＞0.05)、26.78％ (P＜0.05)、14.78％(P＞0.05)和14.59％(P＞0.05)、24.16％ (P＜0.05)、10.32％(P＞0.05);(4)C、D、E3组猪血清GSH-Px活性及TAC分别较A组显著升高16.94％、25.42％、22.59％和19.71％、30.17％、30.17％.结果表明:微纳米中草药添加剂能有效改善生长育肥猪的生产性能、胴体性状、血清激素水平及抗氧化能力,效果优于抗生素,尤以2.0％添加水平的效果最佳.

To study the effect of ME and digestible lysine levels on growth performance of PIC finishing pig. Experiment 1 was proceeded from Dec 30,2014 to Jan 24,2015,40 PIC finishing pigs(127 d) weighted 78 kg were selected andrandomly divided into four groups (group A,B,C and D),the ME levels of the four diets were 12.51,12.64,12.76,12.89 MJ/kg respectively,and the digestible lysine(0.70%),CP(15.0%),Ca(0.61%) and P(0.17%) levels were the same.Experiment 2 was proceeded from Jan 16,2015 to Feb 10,2015,40 PIC finishing pigs(123 d) weighted 74 kg were selected andrandomly divided into four groups(group E,F,G and H),the ME levelsof the four diets were 12.51,12.64,12.76,12.89 MJ/kg respectively,and the digestible lysine (0.85%),CP (16.0%),Ca (0.61%) and P (0.17%) levels were the same.The preliminary and formal trial period were last for 3 d and 26 d both.The results showed that in trial 1,the ADG in group A was greater than that in the other groups by 22.09%(P<0.05), 7.14%(P>0.05) and 14.13%(P>0.05) respectively.In trial 2,the ADG in group H was greater than that in the other groups by 8.25%(P>0.05),8.25%(P>0.05) and 2.94%(P>0.05) respectively.While the digestible lysine and ME level were considered as single factor,0.85% and 12.76 MJ/kg were the best for PIC finishing pig in 75~100 kg BW stage respectively.

为了研究不同能量水平对育肥猪生产性能的影响,选取70kg左右的PIC育肥猪40头,随机均分为4组,饲喂代谢能水平分别为3050、3080、3180和3230 kcal/kg的玉米豆粕型颗粒日粮,试验期24天。试验结束时,各组试验猪的体重分别增长了29.79%、32.09%、32.06%和26.52%；B、C、D3组猪的平均日采食量分别比A组高出13.36%(P>0.05)、12.93%(P>0.05)和7.76%(P>0.05)；B、C 2组猪的平均日增重均比D组高出19.75%(P<0.05),A组比D组高出12.35%(P>0.05)；B组的料重比最好,比A、C和D 3组分别低了2.16%(P>0.05)、0.73%(P>0.05)和6.85%(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,3080 kcal/kg水平代谢能的日粮对育肥猪的生产性能最为有利。

我国的糟渣类资源十分丰富,但目前大部分都没有得到科学合理的利用.文章对我国糟渣类资源的概况、特点及其在养猪业中的应用研究进展情况进行了综述.

China is rich in Enteromorpha Prolifera resources.Enteromorpha Prolifera has good nutritional value,is a kind of potential feedstuff source.The nutritional values,manufacturing processes,physiological functions and application of Enteromorpha Prolifear in animal production were summarized.

Rumen bypass is an important technology, can improve the digestibility of nutrients in ruminant. It saved the nutrients from digestion and absorption until in intestinal by both physical and chemical means. The application of rumen bypass technology in dairy farming were summarized in this article.

The effect of probiotic on production performance in finishing pig was studied with 40 PIC pigs (75 kg), which were randomly divided into four groups (A,B,C and D),and fed with basal diet,basal diet+antibiotic,basal diet+bacillus subtilis and basal diet+bacillus licheniformis,respectively.The trial lasted for 30 d.The results showed that the aver-age daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) in group B,C and D were 36.11%,45.83%,38.89%(P<0.05)and 5.22%,8.58%,7.84%(P > 0.05) higher than those of group A.The feed/gain of group B,C,D was 22.58%,25.54%,22.31%lower than that of group A.On the base of trial 1,30 PIC pigs (75 kg)were selected and randomly divided into three groups (1,2 and 3),and fed with basal diet+bacillus licheniformis,basal diet+antibiotic and basal diet+ bacillus licheniformis+antibiotic,respectively.The results showed that the best ADG and F/G were in group 1,ADG was 3.09%and 1.01%(P>0.05) higher than that of group 2 and group 3,F/G was 3.72%and 2.40%(P>0.05) lower than that of group 2 and group 3.The AD-FI of group 3 was better than that of group 1 and 2 by 1.40%and 0.70%(P>0.05),respectively.It is suggested that both an-tibiotic and probiotic could improve the growth performance of finishing pig effectively,and the probiotic could be aviable al-ternative to antibiotic.The synergistic effect of probiotic and antibiotic was not be observed in this research.

Silage is a common method for improving the nutritive value of roughage, and the consumption of roughage in dairy cattle diet is more than 50%. The production principle,method,processing technology and the application of silage in dairy farming were summarized as wel as the development prospect was prospected in this article.

Alfalfa is a quality herbage resource for dairy cattle,which has high nutritional value. The history and trends of alfalfa industry,the nutritional properties,processing technology of alfalfa and its application in dairy production were summarized,moreover, the prospect of alfalfa industry was prospected in this paper.