Limited extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency constrains the electrocatalytic performance of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Although the c-type cytochrome (c-Cyts) network is essential for EET, its regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study systematically compared the effects of overexpressing c-Cyts components versus cAMP receptor protein (CRP) modulation on EET efficiency in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Overexpression of individual c-Cyts failed to enhance EET. In contrast, coexpression of CymA, CctA, and MtrCBA (strain CC-Mtr) increased the maximum power density to 0.29 W/m2, 29.5% higher than MR-1. This indicates that efficient EET requires synergistic activity of a transmembrane electron transfer chain. However, strain CC-Mtr exhibited impaired growth. By comparison, cAMP-CRP global regulation markedly upregulated genes involved in c-Cyts biosynthesis, cytochrome maturation, and anaerobic carbon metabolism. This strategy improved both the electron transfer chain and cellular growth. In the cyaC strain, where intracellular cAMP levels were 2.8-fold higher than in MR-1, the MFC current density reached 0.94 A/m², a 32.1% increase over the wild-type and 11.7% higher than strain CC-Mtr. These findings demonstrate that EET can be effectively enhanced by upregulating the full electron transport chain and cAMP-CRP mediated global regulation, offering a promising strategy for optimizing electron transfer in microbial electrosynthesis systems.

Batch anaerobic digestion (AD) processes exhibit significant fluctuations in biogas yield from the mesophyll (SL-MPL) and midrib (SL-MRB) components of sugarcane leaf (SL), constraining overall SL utilization efficiency. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of AD for different SL components, this study investigated microbial community dynamics associated with biogas production from SL-MPL and SL-MRB. Results indicated that peak methane production rates reached 123.1 mL/(L·day) on day 2 for SL-MRB and 183.8 mL/(L·day) on day 3 for SL-MPL, with > 85

The sustainability of biogas production from straws is limited by the collection, transportation, storage, and pretreatment of feedstocks. To address these constraints, this study investigated briquetting as a pretreatment strategy for rice straw (RS) to increase bioenergy generation. The results indicated that briquetted RS yielded 205.4 mL/g VS of methane, which was 11.7% higher compared to that produced by the untreated RS. The economic analysis revealed that the briquetting process had positive effects with a payback time of 3.4 y and an internal rate of return of 23.4%. It also reduced feedstock transportation and storage costs by 42.6%. Adding a NaOH treatment to the briquetting process increased methane production by 26.4% compared to untreated RS. However, the integration of briquetting with NaOH treatment might be an unprofitable method for processing RS. This became apparent when examining the production cost, which stood at 1.13 $/kg biomethane with an internal rate of return of 16.2%, representing an 8.7% increase and a 7.2% decrease, respectively, compared to the mono briquetting method. These results revealed that briquetting as a source pretreatment strategy can improve the productivity of straw biogas plants, thereby advancing the industry towards cleaner production.

反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化(Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation,DAMO)耦合厌氧氨氧化(Anaero-bic ammonium oxidation,Anammox)脱氮工艺在实现能源废水处理方面具有很大的潜力.DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺能同时将甲烷、氨氮和硝酸盐转化为无害的N2 和CO2,在无需额外能量消耗下实现废水中的碳氮循环,有望成为未来环境友好型废水处理的主要技术.本文讨论了DAMO-Anammox微生物的协同和竞争机制,不同电子受体的类型对脱氮过程中微生物胞外电子传递机制及脱氮除甲烷效率的影响,指出了目前DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺存在的功能微生物富集困难、气液传质效率差和脱氮性能不足等应用瓶颈,总结了如新型反应器构型的设计、人工电子中介体投入和电化学强化等相对应的改进策略,为该工艺的进一步研究和规模化应用提供参考.

"小众学科"长期以来发表渠道窄,可选择的学术期刊不多,影响了其健康和可持续发展,但我国科技创新离不开各学科全面均衡发展,"小众学科"必须扶持发展.本文通过分析"小众学科"论文编辑出版过程中出现的问题,提出了这些问题产生的原因及解决思路,进一步提出了组织一系列"小众学科"专栏、加强与其他学科的跨学科结合、关注并引用相关学科的论文、加强"小众学科"审稿专家的国际化、加强"小众学科"学术交流、及时宣传并精准推送等对策措施.

科技期刊对经济社会发展起支撑作用,科技期刊的发展与经济社会发展密切相关.本文指出当前科技期刊办刊缺乏服务经济社会的意识和精品意识,简述经济社会对科技期刊的期待,结合《广西科学》《广西科学院学报》实践效果,提出科技期刊可从以下几个方面更有效地支撑经济社会发展:策划聚焦产业发展,打造特色专栏/专刊;聚拢行业优质资源,提升智库作用;提高编辑综合素质,培养办刊人才;拓宽期刊传播渠道,创新出版模式;加强科技合作互动,营造科研氛围.

随着禽畜养殖集约化、规模化程度的不断提高,禽畜粪便带来的环境污染问题日益严重.禽畜粪便富含有机营养物和氮、磷、钾等无机元素,具有巨大的资源回收潜力.但禽畜粪便也含有大量的有机污染物、重金属和抗生素,若管理不善将会对自然生态和人类健康造成严重危害.本文主要针对禽畜粪便污染现状及主要处理手段(包括焚烧产热、气化技术、水热液化、水热炭化、厌氧消化、好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥)进行系统剖析,充分讨论禽畜粪便肥料化、能源化和养分回收的技术瓶颈及发展前景,并简要讨论禽畜粪便处理技术在经济和环境层面的可持续性,拟为我国禽畜粪便的资源化利用及其研究方向提供参考.

组织特色专刊是提升学术期刊影响力的有效手段,如果组织得当将会取得良好的效果.《广西科学》和《广西科学院学报》5年来组织了16期专刊,期刊社会效益明显增加,复合影响因子大大提升,学术影响力大幅度提高.本文总结2本刊物16期专刊组织过程的经验和教训,分析特色专刊容易出现的几个问题,提出精心选择特色专刊主编、制订具有栏目要求和时间节点要求的组稿方案、准确把握送审时间和用好终审权、建立特色专刊组稿预案、加强特色专刊的装帧设计和宣传服务等对策措施.

Balanced nutrition is important for maximizing anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. Herein, the strategy of balancing sugar-fiber-nitrogen nutrients was first established for improved methane production by co-digesting two agricultural and one livestock wastes with complementary compositional properties, such as banana pseudostem (BPS), sugarcane baggage (SCB), and chicken manure (CM) having high sugar, fiber and nitrogen contents, respectively. The maximum methane yield was 186.5 mL/g VSadded with a mixture of 45.7% BPS, 26.2% SCB and 28.1% CM (with 1: 11.3: 0.3 of sugar to fiber to nitrogen ratio), increasing by 16.1%, 53.3%, 122.6% than those of mono- BPS, SCB, and CM, respectively. The co-digestion process remained stable under an organic load of 4 g VS/(L.day), which was attributed to the predominant presence of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Thauera, uncultured_bacterium_p_Aegiribacteria, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. This study provides a deeper understanding of the co-digestion with agricultural and livestock wastes from the perspective of nutrient balance.

通过深入分析现行学术论文评价现状和存在问题,构建自然科学类学术论文的评价策略.自然科学类学术论文评价应坚持同行评议、规范评价标准和坚持分类评价的学术论文综合评价原则,同时提出了完善我国科技评价信用政策体系建设,包括建立分类评价学术论文评价标准、建立同行评价的科技诚信评价体系、建立论文作者的科技诚信信用体系、建立全社会参与监督的科技诚信环境等评价策略.

科教融合协同创新是国家建设世界科技强国的一项重要工作,是提升区域科技创新能力的重要抓手."国字号"高校和科研院所在科教融合协同创新起到了很好的引领和示范作用,但地方高校和科研院所的科教融合工作相对滞后,尚未发挥应有的作用.文章在分析地方高校与科研院所科教融合协同创新存在的问题的基础上,提出成立地方高校科研院所科教融合的专门协调机构等策略.

Rice straw is an abundant lignocellulosic biomass used to produce biogas. However, its resistant structure hinders biogas production. In this study, three pretreatments, microwave, ammoniation, and microwave-assisted ammoniation (MAA), were evaluated for their use in improving biogas production from rice straw. After an 18-day digestion, methane production by rice straw pretreated with MAA was 281.56 mL/g (volatile solids of substrate), which was 25.43%, 7.96%, and 18.18% more than that produced following the control, microwave, and ammoniation pretreatments, respectively. These increases were mainly attributed to the change in the resistant structure of rice straw following the MAA pretreatment and a more stable anaerobic digestion system. The degradation rate for the volatile solids of the rice straw pretreated with MAA during anaerobic digestion was 71.20%, which was 4.71%, and 4.86% higher than the rates observed using microwave and ammoniation pretreatments, respectively. In addition, the MAA method had a T 90 fermentation cycle of 6 days, which was 33.3%, 25.0%, and 33.3% shorter than those for the control, microwave, and ammoniation methods, respectively. This technology shows the potential to enhance biogas production from the anaerobic digestion of rice straw.

新型研发机构是我国科技创新的新生力量,在全国各地得到了蓬勃发展,起到了不可替代的积极作用.地方省份为了加快科技创新,积极建立各类新型研发机构,但在组建过程中遇到了不少问题和困难.文章以广西科学院新型研发机构为例,分析了近年建立5种模式新型研发机构的组建方式及优缺点,提出了实施章程和3年行动计划管理模式、给予政策和管理上的支持、给予科技资源上适当支持、加强年度考评和3年考核管理、打造与主办单位纵横网络联合发展的良好局面等对策措施.

近年来学术界频繁出现学术不端问题,其中学术期刊是学术失信的高发领域,作者缺乏诚信固然是产生学术不端的种子,作为学术期刊诚信的建设者和参与者的编辑也同样负有重要责任.为净化学术环境,本文从分析稿件处理过程中学术期刊编辑可能出现的学术不端行为入手,提出加强编辑道德教育、签订诚信责任书、规范审稿流程、加强对学术不端的抽查和审查、建立编辑成长的良好机制等净化学术期刊编辑行为的措施,系统地防范可能出现的编辑学术不端行为,使得学术期刊编辑成为真正的科学“守门人”.

To simplify the procedure of biogas production using agricultural straw as raw materials, the biogas performance of both dry and fresh rice straw (RS) was assessed during batch anaerobic digestion (AD) at 35 °C. The results showed that biogas production from fresh RS was 400.5 mL/g volatile solids (VS), which was 40.9% larger than that from dry RS substrate. Meanwhile, the methane content in biogas from fresh RS was 56.05% (approximately 2.5% larger than for dry RS), and the VS removal rate from feedstock was 72% (which was 7.2% greater than for the dry RS substrate). Moreover, the scum volume resulting from digestion of dry RS was 3.16 times the volume from fresh RS at the end of AD, indicating that RS feedstock in a fresh state was more readily biodegradable and more easily used as a substrate by microorganisms. Therefore, compared with dry RS, fresh RS as AD feedstock has practical application value and should be included in further research on the AD of biomass resources.

总结和分析过去,才能更好地谋划未来.广西科学院发展的40年,是不平凡的40年.本文对广西科学院40年的发展进行总结和回顾,并在此基础上分析其面临的挑战和机遇,提出广西科学院未来发展新思路:必须建立高质量发展和高水平开放的发展定位,对全院学科进行合理布局,做优特色学科和优势新兴学科,形成清晰的学科发展思路;通过建立新型研发机构等多种方式扩增科技人员的体量,壮大全院科技人员队伍;建立科技成果倒推机制,引导广西科学院相关科技资源服务产业和经济社会,把论文写在祖国大地上;实行人才强院政策,通过引进和培养相结合,将广西科学院打造成高层次人才集聚地和高端科技智库;进行科技体制机制改革,不断完善广西科学院的治理体系,使之成为面向东盟,国内一流的综合性地方科学院.

Banana pseudo-stems (BPS) are an abundant and low-lignin-content lignocellulosic biomass for methane production. However, the high-water content in BPS increases the transport costs, and the resistant structure of BPS hinders methane production. In this study, squeezing of BPS as a pretreatment was evaluated for improving anaerobic digestion (AD). After 20-d digestion, methane production from squeezed BPS was 204.2 +/- 6.2 mL/(g volatile solids (VS) of feedstock), which was 41.2% more than that from untreated BPS. This increase was mainly attributed to the improvement of physical properties (e.g. water absorbing capacity) and the change in the resistant structure of BPS after squeezing, which promoted good contact between microbes and substrate during AD. The measured methane production was described using a modified Gompertz model and the results showed that anaerobic process would take less time and occur faster when pretreated BPS was used as the substrate. The energy produced during AD of squeezed BPS, after deducting the energy used by the squeezer, resulted in an energy surplus of 26.2%. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

随着"一带一路"、人类命运共同体等倡议得到各国高度认同,中国逐渐成为国际留学生的目标地,地方科研院所招收非洲留学生学习交流有很大的意义.但由于语言、文化、生活习惯和风俗等差异,对非洲留学生的管理仍存在许多问题.为此,地方科研院所招收非洲留学生应建立长效的沟通和合作机制;积极营造尊重非洲留学生习俗的氛围;强化非洲留学生入学前的筛选,保证生源质量;提高地方科研院所科研人员的英语交流能力.

Scum formation is a widespread phenomenon and causes serious damage in straw biogas digesters. A 10-L novel hydraulic conical digester for controlling scum was developed in this work and compared with a hydraulic cylindrical digester that simulated the conventional digester. After 30 d of batch and 120 d of semi-continuous fermentations using banana stems, the scum volumes of in cylindrical digesters were 4.12 and 2.12 times that in the conical digesters, respectively. The conical digesters increased biogas production by 5.7% and 11.6% in batch and semi-continuous tests, respectively. The VS removal of feedstock in conical digesters were 5.6 and 7.2% greater than for the batch and semi-continuous cylindrical, respectively. The microbial diversity and evenness were higher in conical than cylindrical digesters. The results demonstrated that conical shape was an effective structure for controlling scum formation and improving biogas production.

高校院所所属企业曾经是科技成果转化的排尖兵,文章分析高校院所所属企业在科技成果转化中存在的问题,并分析问题产生的深层原因,提出了所属企业加快科技成果转化的对策.