目的：研究不同采血部位血清样本对间接血凝法检测日本血吸虫抗体的影响。方法对铸造厂生产工艺及照明情况进行调查，对照明改造前后工作场所照度进行检测，并进行比较分析。结果人体不同部位采集的血清样本，用间接血凝法检测日本血吸虫抗体时检测结果一致。对血清样本抗体检测成阴性、阳性的判定不产生影响。结论基于血清样本易获得、采集快捷、减轻病患痛苦等因素，建议可采用手指血采集的血清样本用于血吸虫抗体检测。

黄州区和团风县均位于湖北省东部,长江中游北岸.黄州区有7个乡镇85个村为血吸虫病疫区,历史累计有螺面积60 640.26 hm2,历史累计查出血吸虫病人10 830人;团风县有2个乡39个村为血吸虫病疫区,历史累计查出血吸虫病人15 607人,历史累计钉螺面积2 370.28 hm2.黄州区和团风县于2007年达到国家血吸虫病疫情控制目标,2008年以来通过实施"整县推进、综合治理"的血吸虫病防治措施,血吸虫病疫情大幅下降,至2012年,2区县121个流行村人、畜血吸虫感染率低于1.00％以下,连续2年没有查出感染性钉螺,也未发现急感病例.

Objective To understand the completion of the objectives and tasks of schistosoma japonicum in all the endemic areas of Hubei Province in 2012,so as to provide data for establishing the standards for schistosomiasis transmission control in 2013. Methods According to the objectives and tasks for schistosomiasis control scheme of Hubei Province in 2012,field assessment of human infection,livestock infection with Schistosoma japonicum,oncomelania snail infection and quality control were carried out and all the endemic data were checked as well. Results 57 endemic villages were assessed,they were extracted from the counties ( cities,districts) which already reached the control standard. The results from the field assessment of 57 sampling villages showed that the average infection rate with Schistosoma japonicum of human and livestock were 0. 57% 、0. 19% ,respectively. Take the village as the basic unit,the highest infection rate with Schistosoma japonicum of human and livestock were 1. 49% 、1. 41% ,respectively. No infected snail was found in field investigation. 39 villages were assessed,they were extracted from the counties ( cities,districts) ,which already reached the transmission control standard. The results from the field assessment of 39 sampling villages showed that the average infection rate of livestock with Schistosoma japonicum was 0. 07% . Take the village as the basic unit,the highest infection rate with Schistosoma japonicum of livestock was 0. 99% . The results from checking the endemic data showed: As compared with 1 424 villages,the human and livestock infection rate with schistosoma japonicum was above 1. 00% in 2011,it reduced to 510 villages in 2012,the rate of decline was 64. 19% . No infected snail was detected in autumn in 2012,and no local acute schistosomiasis case was found in 2012 as well. Conclusions 63 endemic counties of Hubei Province achieved the schistosomiasis control objectives in 2012. Three risk factors were found in this assessment, they will be the focus work in next step.

Objective:To explore the detection effect of Schistosoma japonicum by PCR. Methods:The blood and liver samples of white rabbits were collected six weeks after infected with 1000 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae.Eggs were extracted from liver. DNAs were extracted from serum samples. Specific primers were designed based on the non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon SjR2 gene sequence of Schistosoma japonicum,and then PCR assay was used to detect DNAs from samples of eggs and serum of rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Results:A230 bp DNA characteristic fragment was obtained from 8 samples of eggs and serum of rabbits. Conclusion:Detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA from serum of rabbits with heavy infection by PCR has a better effect.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of the prevention and control program of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province in 2011.Methods The prevention and control data of schistosomiasis of Hubei Province were consulted and audited,especially 21 epidemic-controlled counties during 2010 and 2011.Twenty-one epidemic villages were randomly investigated,schistosome infection rates of human and livestock were investigated in the field.Meanwhile,data arrangement and pigeonhole were also examined to evaluate the actual state of schistosomiasis situation.Results Data of schistosomiasis epidemic in Hubei province showed that the human and livestock infection rates were both below 2% in 5 447 endemic villages.The number of the villages with the human infection rate ≥1%,had a decrease of 40.58%.The number of the villages with the cattle infection rate ≥1%,had a decrease of 53.27%.The inhabitant sites withinfected snail had a decrease of 67.49%.Field investigation demonstrated that the infection rates of human and livestock were all below 2% in 63 investigated epidemic villages.Conclusions The infection rates of human and livestock in 5 447 villages were all below 2% in Hubei province.The number of villages with the infection rates of human or of cattle below ≥1%,decreased more than 40%.And the areas with infected snail decreased more than 60%.No acute case of schistosomiasis was reported in 2011.The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis was under control.,The yearly target for schistosomiasis control were reached in-63 endemic counties in Hubei province.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of paeoniflorin on the expressions of CTGF and PDGF in liver tissue of fibrosis and the serum level of TNF-alpha in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum, and to explore the protective effect and its mechanisms of paeoniflorin on liver fibrosis. METHODS Kunming mice were divided randomly into 5 groups, namely normal control group (Group A), paeoniflorin groups (Group B, C, D) and infected control group (Group E). The mice in Group B-E were infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, and then they were treated with praziquantel (400 mg/kg per day) for 2 days after 6 weeks. After that, the mice in Group B, C, D were given paeoniflorin with a dose of 30, 60, 120 mg/(kg x d), respectively. After 8 weeks of paeoniflorin treatment, all the mice were killed, and their livers and serum were obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stain and Masson stain were used to observe the degree of hepatic fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of CTGF and PDGF in liver tissue. The serum level of TNF-alpha was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The expression levels of CTGF and PDGF proteins in liver tissue and the serum level of TNF-alpha of the mice in the high dosage paeoniflorin treatment group (Group D) were significantly lower than those in the infected control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effects of paeoniflorin on hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection depends on its dosage. Paeoniflorin may exert its effects by inhibiting the serum level of TNF-alpha and down regulating the expression of CTGF and PDGF proteins.

The status of schistosomiasis transmission control in Hongshan District of Wuhan City was evaluated. The schistosome infection rates of human and cattle were both below 1%, no local acute schistosomiasis patient occurred, and infected snails were not found during the period of 2008 to 2010. The files and data were well-documented. Therefore, Hongshan District reached the national criteria for schistosomiasis transmission control.

<正>武汉经济技术开发区位于武汉市西南面,东临长江,西靠后官湖,南与蔡甸区、汉南区相邻,北与汉阳区升官渡接壤,三面环水,属低矮丘陵势地貌,属典型的湖沼型血吸虫病流行区。经过50多年的防治,特别是实施《血吸虫病综合治理重点项目规划纲要》以来,血吸虫病控制取得了显著成果。为评价血吸虫病防治的效果,按照国家《血吸虫病控制和消

目的 观察芍药甙对日本血吸虫感染小鼠肝组织纤维化的影响,探讨芍药甙预防血吸虫病肝虫卵肉芽肿及纤维化的作用机制.方法 日本血吸虫尾蚴感染小鼠,制备肝虫卵肉芽肿和纤维化小鼠模型.随机分为5组:正常对照组(A组),给予芍药甙组(B组、C组、D组),3组分别为予芍药甙30mg/(kg·d)、60 nlg/(kg·d)、120 mg/(kg·d),及感染对照组(E组).B、C、D和E 4组小鼠均在感染后6周灌胃吡喹酮(400 mg/(kg·d)×2 d).感染后14周处死小鼠取血及肝脏.用HE及Masson胶原纤维染色观察肝虫卵肉芽肿面积及纤维化程度,用免疫组化技术检测转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达情况.结果 B、C、D组与阳性对照组E组相比,TGF-β1、Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原水平明显下降(均P<0.05),而且随芍药甙给药浓度增加,B组、C组、D组TGF-β1、Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原表达水平逐渐减少.结论 在吡喹酮杀虫处理的基础上联合应用芍药甙,可通过减少肝组织TGF-β1和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达,明显减少肝虫卵肉芽肿形成,减轻肝纤维化程度,对血吸虫病小鼠早期肝纤维化形成有阻抑作用.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the adverse and curative effects of film coated praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 to 65 years old inhabitants from epidemic areas of schistosomiasis japonica in Jiangxi, Anhui and Hubei provinces, while indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) was also administrated. The Serological positives were tested by Kato-Katz technique. A total of 509 habitats of serological positives and healthy persons were given praziquantel. 460 targets with no relative symptoms were followed up for adverse effect of drugs in one month and efficacy evaluation of praziquantel was carried out in 104 parasitological positives 3 months post-treatment.RESULTS:The 84.7% (144/170) individuals thought film coated tablets were no smell or only with little smell while 92.9%(315/339) targets in control group fell that tablets smelled bad. The total side effect rates of film coated praziquantel group and control group in 1-2 hours post-treatment were 20.30% (27/133) and 83.18% (272/327) respectively. There was significantly different between two groups (chi(2) = 164.316, P < 0.05). The adverse effect rates of film coated praziquantel group in neuromuscular system, digestive system and cardiovascular system were 15.79% (21/133), 9.77% (13/133), 2.26% (3/133) individually which were significantly lower than those of control groups with 81.65% (267/327), 49.24% (161/327), 12.84% (42/327) in corresponding systems (chi(2)(neuromuscular system) = 175.188, chi(2)(digestive system) = 62.601, chi(2)(cardiovascular system) = 12.010, P < 0.05). And the adverse effect rate of allergic reaction of film coated group was no significant difference with control group (2.26%(3/133) versus 0.92% (3/327), chi(2) = 1.315, P = 0.235). One day after treatment, the adverse effect rate of film coated tablets of praziquantel decreased to 3.01% (4/133), significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference after 2 weeks treatment while the adverse effect rates decreased to 0.75%(1/133), 0.61% (2/327) in film coated praziquantel group and control group respectively (chi(2) = 0.029, P = 0.642). The curative rates 3 months post treatment were 84.91% (45/51) in film coated tablets of praziquantel group and 82.35% (42/53) in control group without significant difference (chi(2) = 1.536, P = 0.215).CONCLUSION:The smell and adverse effects of film coated tablets of praziquantel were decreased significantly and its efficacy for treatment of schistosomiasis japonica was equal to the control tablets. The film coated tablets of praziquantel might be applied in field widely after a further verification.

目的 对武汉市7个区进行血吸虫病疫情控制和传播控制达标考核.方法 按照<血吸虫病控制和消灭标准>,对武汉市洪山、蔡甸、汉南、黄陂、江夏、东西湖、江岸7个疫情未控制区开展人畜查病和螺情调查.结果 洪山、蔡甸、汉南、黄陂、江夏5个疫情控制考核区居民血吸虫感染率为0～1.58%,耕牛血吸虫感染率为0～2.74%;东西湖、江岸2个传播控制考核区血检阳性率分别为3.47%和1.71%,粪检未查到阳性病人及阳性耕牛.2个传播控制考核区所抽取的螺点均无感染性钉螺.结论 2007年武汉市洪山、蔡甸、汉南、黄陂、江夏5区各项疫情指标已达血吸虫病疫情控制标准,东西湖、江岸2区已达血吸虫病传播控制标准.

Objective To understand the endemic situation of human infection of Schistosoma japonicum in highly endemic areas of Hubei Province in order to provide control strategy.Methods The preliminary evaluation of human and cattle schistosome infection in 47 villages of 16 counties,Hubei Province was carried out.Meanwhile,all the control documents and data from 2004 to 2007 in these areas were checked up and analysed.Results The human infection rates were above 5% in 2 villags of 1 county and below 5% in the others.The cattle infection rates were above 5% in seven villags of 5 counties,and below 5% in the others.Since 2004,3 outbreaks of acute schistosomiasis epidemic were reported in 3 counties.The data of human schistosomiasis control were well-documented in 12 counties,rather well in 3 counties,and not good in 1 county.The data of cattle schistosomiasis control were documented not well.Conclusions The human and cattle schistosome infection rates in field examination in 10 counties reach the indices of infection control of the national criteria;4 counties meet the national infection control standard.Six counties do not reach the national infection control criteria.

Objective To evaluate the schistosomiasis transmission blocking in Hanyang district.Method Three villages were randomly selected by cluster sampling according to the 《criteria for control and elimination of schistosomiasis》 in China for the evaluation of residents and cattle schistosome infection,the epidemic for oncomelania,the documents and data,and the field visit.Results There wasn't any case of local infection of schistosome in residents and cattle from 1999 to 2007,and the oncomelania has not been found since the spring in 2005.The files were documented completely,so each index in Hanyang reached the national standard of schistosomiasis transmission blocking.Conclusion Although the district reached the national standard of schistosomiasis transmission blocking,we should implement the 《Schistosomiasis Control Ordinance》 to maintaining institutions,stable team,and carrying out health education on schistosomiasis control in order to prevent the epidemic rebound.We should also continue strengthening our effort to disease surveillance in future.

改良加藤法(Kato-Katz法)自20世纪80年代初期被引进国内用于血吸虫病病原学诊断,经大量实验室与现场研究,公认该法作血吸虫病流行病学调查居民感染率具有加样量衡定,操作简便,受环境因素影响小,成本低和效果较满意等优点.

Objective To understand the endemic situation of acute schistosomiasis and explore the causes and control strategy for acute schistosomiasis. Methods The data of acute schistosomiasis in Hubei province in 2005 was collected and analyzed. Results There were 157 cases,of which 6 outbreaks occurred. The confirmed cases were 128 and the clinical cases were 29. The male cases were 122 and the female cases were 35. The oldest patient was 80 years old,and the youngest was 6 years old. Most of the cases were farmer and student. The infection ways were mainly agriculture production,playing and swimming. Conclusion The most effective measures to control acute schistosomiasis were to provide intensive health education for residents in endemic areas,and improve the quality for snail investigation and eradication in spring.

Objective To assess the practical value of the whole blood absorbed on filter paper to detect antibody of Schistosomiasis japonica for the examination in the filed.(Methods)Serum samples were obtained by venepuncture and finger-prick blood samples from the same individual(6-60 years old) and were directly absorbed on filter paper from two Schistosomiasis endemic areas in Hubei Province.IHA and ELISA test using serum and filter paper blood were compared.The comparison of the cost and the compliance of the two sample-collecting ways was investigated.(Results) There was no significant difference between the two methods in the same situation.The cost of collecting whole blood absorbed on filter paper for one person was about $1.2 yuan per person.The compliance of the individual for whole blood absorbed on filter paper(52.1%) was higher than that of serum(21.3%).Conclusion Collecting whole blood absorbed on filter paper was easier,faster,less expensive and of more compliance than that of serum,it was suitable for application in field survey.

为观察我省湖区在实施世界银行贷款中国血吸虫病控制项目(下称世行贷款血防项目)前后血吸虫病疫情的变化,1991年和1999年,我们在潜江市熊口镇连市、新沟、赵脑3个血吸虫病流行程度不同的村,采用环卵沉淀试验(COPT)、间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA)、斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)和粪便集卵孵化法进行了血吸虫病流行病学调查,结果如下.