利用潍坊市各区县2008-2017年的气象观测资料、地理空间数据和社会经济数据,基于GIS技术和自然灾害风险指数模型,考虑短时强降雨对潍坊市城市内涝造成的影响,对潍坊市强降雨洪涝风险的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力多个因子定量分析,构建了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险评价模型,并编制了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害风险区划.结果表明:灾害发生的高风险区主要位于高密、诸城等地区,潍坊北部地区孕灾环境敏感性指数较大,市中心区域则因人口、经济地位显著而易损性风险较大.该风险区划结果基本反映了潍坊市强降雨洪涝灾害的潜在风险,为潍坊市的洪涝灾害防灾减灾提供技术支持和决策依据.

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the evolution characteristics and occurrence patterns of droughts and floods in Weifang City. [Method] Based on the monthly precipitation data during 1961-2010 obtained from nine meteorological sta- tions of Weifang City, by using standardized precipitation index, monthly SPI index of Weifang City during the past 50 years was calculated to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of drought and humidification in Weifang City. [Result] The results showed that the variation of drought and humidification had stage characteristics in Weifang City, which was relatively humid in the 1960s and 1970s and developed from extremely humid in early 1960s to dry in late 1970s, persistent drought was observed throughout the range of Weifang City in the 1980s, and the variation tended to be smooth during the 1990s-2000s. Spatial distribution of drought and humidification in Weifang City showed certain regional characteristics. In the 1960s, the mid-west region of Weifang City was relatively humid, while the southeastern region was relatively dry; in the 1970s, there was little difference among the drought and humidification extent in each region; in the 1980s, each region of Weifang City was generally dry, specifically, drought in the southeastern region was the most severe, while drought in the northern region was the slightest; in the 1990s and 2000s, variation of drought and humidification in each region of Weifang City was basically the same. The uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipi- tation led to abnormal distribution of drought and humidification in some areas, such as the abnormal phenomenon in 1999; the spatial distribution of drought and humidi- fication duration in each generation had their own characteristics, which brought diffi- culties to the unified deployment of drought and flood control departments. [Conclu- sion] This study provided theoretical basis for the drought resistance, waterlogging prevention and disaster reduction in Weifang City under the background of climate change.

2010年中国气象局出台了《关于加强农村气象灾害防御体系建设的指导意见》，要求建立政府统一领导、综合协调，相关部门各负其责、有效联动的农村应急减灾组织体系。潍坊市气象局选择昌乐和昌邑两个县（市）做试点，按照气象灾害应急管理体系和农村气象灾害防御体系建设要求，开展了气象信息员队伍建设、预警信息发布体系建设和预报预警服务体系建设，进一步完善了气象灾害防御体制机制。文章以昌乐县为例，着重阐述潍坊市基层气象灾害防御体系建设中农村气象信息服务站和突发气象灾害应急响应基层认证情况，既列举了试点工作取得的成效，也提出了在农村应急减灾组织体系建设工作中所面临的问题。

In order to explore the law of the period of winter wheat in Weifang adaptation to climate change, based on the growth period observation data of winter wheat and accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, precipitation data in every growth period during 1980-2010 in Weifang, the response of the growth period of winter wheat to climate change was statistically analyzed by using linear regression and path analysis methods. The results showed that: the accumulated temperature and precipitation throughout the growth period of winter wheat in Weifang all showed decreasing trends, and the sunshine hours significantly reduced by 7.58 h per year. The growth period length of winter wheat significantly shortened by 0.43 d per year. The sowing date delayed. The seedling and maturity stage length shortened. The over-wintering stage, jointing and earring stage and filling stage length prolonged. Before jointing, sunshine hours played the most important role in the growth period length. And after jointing, accumulated temperature played the most important role in the growth period length.

通过对潍坊市气象应急管理工作现状调查分析,阐述了基层应急管理工作中存在的问题和不足,对进一步优化气象应急响应工作机制、完善气象应急管理体制提出了建议。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the influence of facility agriculture development on the climate variation in Weifang. [Method] Shouguang was selected as the representative station of greenhouse shed planting zone. By using the precipitation, temperature and relative humidity, etc. in Weifang City during 1961-2010, the climatic variation situations in the whole city and the greenhouse shed planting zone were analyzed. The variation trend and evolution characteristics of climate in the different seasons before and after the facility agriculture plantation were contrasted and analyzed. [Result] The annual rainfall and relative humidity presented the declining trend in the whole city in recent 50 years. The annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures all presented the rising trend. Since the large-scale plantation of greenhouse shed, the declining range of annual rainfall in the greenhouse shed planting zone was lower than that in the whole city, and the declining range of relative humidity was obviously higher than that in the whole city. The rising ranges of annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures were higher than that in the whole city. [Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for the development of facility agriculture.

Based on information of Weifang agricultural and statistical data on various types of meteorological disasters in recent thirty years, a large agricultural information database related to over hundred towns and residential districts was established ; Using agricultural information, weather information and meteorological disaster information, a model for disaster evaluation was constructed. On the basis of GIS technology, the input and collection of the data was completed. The system for automatic enquiry of agricultural/ meteorological disaster information was estabticshed. Using the system,the disaster level and disasler loss can be obtained by designating disaster area, inputing the disaster factor and correlation coefficient.

利用临朐县1980-2008年29年间作物生育季节3-11月的所有"黑、白"霜观测记录,对鲁中山区东北部丘陵地区霜冻进行统计分析.结果表明,鲁中山区东北部丘陵地区霜冻有明显的地域特征,即霜冻危害较重的季节在3-4月份;霜冻类型以辐射霜冻为主;霜冻发生的气候特征与当地地形地貌密切相关;从而为鲁中山区东北部丘陵地区霜冻的预测预报提供可靠的依据.

应用2003年1-4月、10-12月在寿光蔬菜基地的冬暖式大棚内茄子栽培生长情况所取得的温度、光照和湿度资料及同一时期外部环境气象资料,分析了冬暖式大棚内的温度、光照及湿度等气象条件对越冬茄子的影响情况,提出了改进措施。