为了理清水电站建设区的表土资源量,通过实地调查取样分析项目区表土资源数量,测定表层土壤的理化性质,结合相关规范标准,对项目区表土数量、质量及其养分含量进行评价.结果表明:项目区的表土资源主要集中在耕地,林草地表土分布总体较薄且多为含砾石土层,项目区表土总量满足迹地恢复的覆土量,表土质量基本符合青藏高原区土地复垦林草地质量控制标准.

通过对某水电站石料场边坡实地调查和分析,确定料场边坡可进行植被恢复的高程为1275.00 m以下.在4种边坡生态恢复方案(植被混凝土方案、栽植槽方案、垫地平台+植被混凝土方案以及垫地平台+栽植槽方案)比选下,考虑到生物连通性及后期生态恢复的连续性,推荐采用垫地平台与栽植槽结合方案.

在简政放权、加强事中事后监管的新要求下,水电工程水土保持监测工作面临新的挑战.传统调查监测、地面监测方法已不能满足新的监测要求,遥感监测、无人机低空航拍、集成通信技术等创新型监测方法越来越受到水行政主管部门的鼓励与肯定.文章系统梳理了水电工程水土保持监测方法及其特点,创新型的监测技术采集的数据精度更高,时效性更强,且成本低.

为了分析国际水条约对我国西南地区国际河流开发与保护的影响,对我国与西南国际河流相关国家签订的主要法律、条约以及下湄公河流域主要管理机构进行了系统的梳理,分析了各条约对我国水能开发可能产生的影响,明确了我国享有的权力和利益以及相关限制和所需承担的义务. 在此基础上,提出了对相关影响可采取的对策,可供我国与相关国家进行磋商和谈判.

Chain pin method features flexible implementation, convenient material selection, simple arrangement and low cost.Therefore, it is widely applied in monitoring of water and soil conservation.Meanwhile, this method also is with disadvantages of lower monitoring preci-sion, frequently being disturbed and damaged, etc.In the paper, issues and solution of application of the chain pin method are discussed in combination with the practice of the chain pin method in monitoring of water and soil conservation of the newly-built passenger dedicated line from Xi'an to Baoji.

结合抽水蓄能电站工程水土保持监测实践经验,初步构建了一套抽水蓄能电站工程水土保持监测指标体系,旨在为科学、有序地开展抽水蓄能电站工程水土保持监测工作提供技术支撑和理论依据.

水电站工程的实施必然会对项目区内的生态环境和水土保持带来负面影响,以金桥水电站工程为例,对水电站工程建设过程中新增水土流失进行分析,并提出切实可行的水土保持防治措施布局及方案,为保证水电站工程的安全发电、保护生态环境提供科学依据.

Through a comparative analysis of hydropower project environmental protection situation between China and the world's major countries , show that concepts of environmental protection in hydropower development of our country is advanced, the environmental management system is improving, and environmental protection measures developing rapidly, in the future should continue to increase scientific research work on hydropower environmental protection , and promote the harmonious development of hydropower development and environmental protection.

2002年以前,我国水电环境保护工作按照《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《建设项目环境保护管理条例》的要求开始起步,并稳步发展.2002年《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》颁布后,我国水电行业的环境保护工作快速发展,环境保护技术体系逐渐完善.现阶段,水电行业在环境保护方面继续加强关键科研课题研究、建立健全标准体系,做好水电开发全过程的环境保护工作.

Spoil dump is an important problem in soil and water conservation schemes for hydropower cascade development.Improper setting of spoil dumps can easily narrow the river channel and influence river flood discharge.Aiming at this question,a new calculating method based on numerical simulation of river flow was proposed.Using the hydrodynamics module in MIKE 21 model,changes of water level and flow field were obtained by two-dimensional simulation before and after the existence of spoil dumps.This method solved the hydraulic calculation problem in soil and water conservation schemes,especially in areas lacking hydrological data and engineering experience.It also provided technological evidence for soil and water conservation engineering measure design on spoil dumps.

Coastal saline land in Tangshan City was taken as the research object,and some experiments were carried out in Nanbao salt field.Seed-base technique and some measures of site preparation were applied to test the survival rate and growing state of Morus alba Linn seedling when planting in serious saline soils.Results indicated that the seed-base technique performed better effects on improving soil and cutting off the salt flow.After the seed-base technique was employed,most of the seedlings survived and grew well in heavy saline soils compared to the control.This experiment implies that the seed-base technique could create better growing environment for Morus alba Linn seedlings,which will increase survival rate and improve trees growing.It can be concluded that the integrated technique is effective and practical in serious coastal saline land in gulf of Bohai Sea,which will offer afforestation technique for Tangshan City and advance the afforestation development in heavy saline soils.

The construction areas of hydropower projects are generally located in high mountains and steep slopes so that available areas for spoils are fewer and available areas for arrangement of construction,production and living facilities are few.The comprehensive utilization of dumping site is often an option to deal with land shortage during construction of hydropower projects.For a large-size(2) hydropower project on the Lancang River Basin,the leveling of the top of its No.4 dumping site should consider comprehensive utilization,and reinforced garbin retaining wall is selected for the protection of the dumping site.Practices show that,having many advantages such as flexible,permeable and integrated structure,small land occupation,less requirement on foundation bearing capacity,economic cost and good benefits of water and soil conservation,this type of wall meets the requirement for comprehensive utilization of dumping sites and has potential social and economic benefits.

Afforestation in saline-alkali land is a worldwide challerge.In this article,the afforestation of base in saline-alkali which contains the big cave Soil-bade and Seed-base is used in saline-alkali land.And this article take systematic research of the Seed-base afforestation in saline-alkali land by different matrix ratio of seed-base and the survival rate and growth of the Morus alba and tree species.Results showed that,compared to conventional reforestation methods,the survival rate as high as 98% and the average growth increased by 13.30 cm of the Morus alba and the survival rate and the average growth increased by 52.27% and 9.70 cm of the seed-base which is used the afforestation of base in saline-alkali;The survival rate and the average growth have larger effect by the different afforestation of base in saline-alkali,in which mainly reflected by the formula of Seed-base,the addition of fertilizer has obvious effect and the dosage of preventing soil from erosion has no effect on the survival rate and growth of plants,but the latter is helpful to maintain the form of Seed-base.Sophora japonica Linn is more appropriate than other species in experiment plot.

Taking the example of the seed-base formula and tree of the seed-base afforestation in the rocky.This article explains our systematic research of trees by seed-bases in the earth-rocky mountain area of Northern China.Results showed that,the survival rate decreased with the seed-base and the use of seaweed fertilizer.The survival rate of the seed-base is not affected by the use of adhesives.Platycladus orientalis,Acer truncatum and Robinia pseudoacacia have a better adaptation by use of the seed-bases.

为降低滨海盐碱地树种苗期的高盐碱胁迫,采用局部改善植物生长环境的种基盘育苗技术,研究了不同基盘添加物对种基盘出苗率和后期生长的影响.结果表明,粘合剂对种基盘的出苗率和后期生长影响显著,且在设计水平内添加量越多,对二者越有利;海藻肥对二者影响不显著.研究结果可对改良基盘配方提供科学依据.

Water-salt dynamic of five different platform fields by insulating hidden of two layers were researched in coastal argillaceous saline land of Tangshan from the prepared of platform field and the date collection of the water-salt dynamic.Results showed that,the experimental plot is easily lead to salt accumulated which the water table was above the critical depth.There is a close relation between the water content and salt content,from spring to autumn,the 'down-up' process of water and salt appears in soil surface layer,it is inversely which water showed 'up-down' and the salt changed as opposite trend in soil middle and deep layer.After the build of platform field,the soil of platform field which from heavey salinized soil into slinized soil is appropriate to growth by saline-alkali tolerant tree species.The effect of desalination is obvious in the platform field which lying the insulating hidden layers.The best effect of desalination is the layers by grass and gravel which the desalination ratio as high as 30.46%,then load decreased with the order of grass and slag,grass and plastic film,grass and garbage architecture,control platform field.

Taking a badly seashore saline land in the city of Tangshan as an example,adopting some measures,such as sowing by seed-bases to breed seedlings,building stair-fields,transplanting seedlings in carrying soil columns etc,a new technology of seed-base for afforesting was developed in seashore saline land.The results showed that the seed-bases had a certain function of anti-salt.Vermiculite and pearlite had a better effect compared with peat in the rate of emergence,and the seed-base that was made by carrying soil,peat,vermiculite and pearlite in the volume ratio of 5∶1∶2∶2 had the highest rate of emergence.The seed-base seedlings were vulnerable to the external environment when they were young,and how much the influence of different prescriptions of the seed-bases for the seed-base seedlings' roots development and later growth was still to be further studied.The isolation layer of slag was better than the one of construction waste in anti-salt,and the stair-field with a slag layer in the shape of two stripes from south to north and one strip from east to west had the best effect on anti-salt.The carrying soil columns could prevent transplanting seedlings from the harmful effects of salt,which made most of transplanting seedlings survive.The results could provide a certain technical support for afforesting in Seashore Saline Land.

通过人工降雨模拟实验,对岚县葛铺煤矿堆土场、弃渣场及原状地貌耕地的径流量和泥沙量进行了系统的研究。结果表明,在降雨量相同的情况下,不同下垫面条件下的径流量与泥沙量从大到小的排序依次为:堆土场、弃渣场、耕地,文章针对实际情况,研究并提出了该矿区的水土流失治理措施。