以人工种植为对照,采用整杆即切种式种植机和预切种式种植机进行甘蔗不同机械种植模式比较试验,分析各种植模式作业质量、效率、甘蔗产量及经济效益等差异.结果表明:即切种式种植和预切种式种植伤芽率分别为12.4％、9.7％,种茎破头率分别为9.1％、5.8％,均高于人工种植伤芽率的2.4％和种茎破头率的4.7％;预切种式种植萌芽率最高为50.1％,显著高于即切种式种植的42.9％;人工种植有效茎数和成茎率分别为79290条/hm2和60.4％,显著高于预切种式种植的72330条/hm2和49.9％;三种种植模式甘蔗分蘖率、株高、茎径及产量差异不显著;与人工种植相比即切种式种植工效提高3.18倍、作业成本降低1209元/hm2、减收463元/hm2,预切种式种植工效提高3.78倍、作业成本减少947元/hm2、减收2902元/hm2.机械种植可以提高工效、减少用工成本,以整杆即切种式种植作业成本、产量及收益优于预切式机械种植处理.

Tillering plays a key role in sugarcane growth, development, and cane yield. Gibberellin (GA) and its biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol, have been used to manipulate the tiller production in sugarcane planting. However, the key genes and regulatory networks of sugarcane tiller development remain unclear. In this study, we applied GA3 and paclobutrazol to soak the sugarcane seeds for generating samples with varying tiller numbers. A total of 54 samples from multiple tissues of three tillering stages were employed for transcriptome sequencing using two full-length transcript isoform sequences datasets as reference. We observed significant downregulation of two genes within the GA metabolism pathway in response to the GA synthesis inhibitor. Additionally, we noted a substantial enrichment of genes associated with photosynthesis following treatment with GA3 or paclobutrazol. Using all the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between each sample group, 41 gene modules were generated in the coexpression network. The associations between modules and traits were performed. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, KEGG pathway enrichment, and hub genes analysis were implemented in the modules correlated with traits, especially, the modules correlated with GA3 content and tiller number were emphasized. Notably, the pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were enriched in both the GA3 content positive correlated module and the tiller number negative correlated module, while an E3 ubiquitin ligase gene, RZFP34, was the top hub gene in these two modules, indicating the vital role of ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation system in tillering regulation in sugarcane. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into regulatory networks involved in GA-mediated regulation of tiller development in sugarcane, which would lay the foundation of hormone regulation to promote sugarcane production.

为筛选适宜来宾市蔗区种植的优良甘蔗新品种,本团队于2020年在来宾市兴宾区引进桂热2号优良甘蔗新品种,并与当地农户自留品种桂糖41号、粤糖00-236等2个品种进行新植比较试验.通过对三个品种进行一个周期的观察测量,结果表明,粤糖00-236表现为早熟品种,其产量及产糖量在三者中表现最低,分别为98.66 t/hm2、15.74 t/hm2;桂糖41号的产量及产糖量在三者中表现中等,分别为106.00 t/hm2、16.95 t/hm2;桂热2号表现为较晚熟品种,其产量及产糖量在3个品种中表现最高,分别达到129.25 t/hm2、20.21 t/hm2.三者均有其优点,从甘蔗种植区品种结构的合理化、多样化管理上考虑,三者均可作为来宾地区的优良甘蔗新品种的选择.

甘蔗新品种桂柳05136是柳城县甘蔗研究中心以美国运河点(CP81/1254)为母本、新台糖22号为父本进行杂交选育而成,2014年通过省级品种审定和国家级品种鉴定,正式命名为桂柳05136.该品种高产、高糖,综合抗性强,适应性广,是目前全国主要蔗区替代原当家品种新台糖22号最好的品种之一.应该根据其种性要求配套相应的栽培技术,才能充分发挥桂柳05136的单位面积蔗茎产量及其含糖量的丰产潜能.

[目的]研究有机碳肥对糖料蔗生长、产量形成及经济效益的影响,为有机碳肥在糖料甘蔗上的推广应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用随机区组设计进行田间小区试验,设4个不同肥料处理,分别为施用1800 kg/ha有机碳肥(处理A)、施用1800 kg/ha碳基有机—无机复混肥(处理B)、施用900 kg/ha有机碳肥+1800 kg/ha甘蔗复混肥(处理C)和施用1800 kg/ha甘蔗复混肥+750 kg/ha尿素的对照处理(CK),分别调查各处理的甘蔗萌芽率、分蘖率、月生长速度、株高、茎径、单茎重、有效茎数、分蘖成茎率和锤度,并测定小区蔗茎产量,对比分析不同处理的经济效益.[结果]与CK相比,不同有机碳肥施肥处理对甘蔗萌芽率影响不显著(P>0.05),但处理B和处理C显著(P?0.05)或极显著(P?0.01,下同)提高了分蘖率和成茎率,也可不同程度地促进蔗茎生长.处理A、处理B和处理C的蔗茎产量分别较CK增产4.0％、14.9％和7.5％,蔗糖分也极显著高于CK,较CK增加0.77％～1.20％(绝对值).经济效益分析结果显示,与CK相比,处理B的农业产值提高30.6％、工业产值提高23.2％,综合经济效益最佳.[结论]施用有机碳肥可改善甘蔗产量相关农艺性状的综合表现,提高糖料甘蔗的产量和蔗糖分,提高经济效益,以施用碳基有机—无机复混肥的效果最显著.建议在土壤有机碳缺失的广西蔗区推广应用有机碳肥.

为探讨单芽段机械作业、双芽段种茎人工直接补种作业对甘蔗品种桂糖49号宿根蔗农艺性状及产量的影响,为宿根蔗机械化补种作业的进一步利用提供科学依据,该研究分别采用桂辐98-296和桂糖49号单芽段机械补种、双芽段种茎手工补种桂糖49号的宿根蔗,调查不同补种方式的农艺性状、产量、产糖量及各指标间的相关性.试验结果表明,桂辐98-296单芽段、双芽段种茎直接补种的蔗株成茎率高,且其茎径无明显差异,有效茎数比对照增加约22.1％.桂辐98-296生长速度快,其补种蔗株7月和11月株高与桂糖49号宿根蔗无明显差别,且病害发生率低于桂糖49号,结果补种处理的平均甘蔗产量和产糖量分别比对照显著增加31.91％和31.71％.桂糖49号单芽段和双芽段直接补种桂糖49号宿根蔗的处理与对照相比,甘蔗产量和产糖量等各项指标均未达到显著差异.可见,桂辐98-296种茎单芽段机械化与双芽段种茎人工直接补种桂糖49号宿根蔗能有效改善群体结构,显著提高单产和产糖量,有效解决缺株断垄导致产量下降的问题,延长了宿根年限.同时,利用单芽段进行机械补种作业获得了成功,有助于提高劳动生产率及降低补种生产成本.

[目的]探讨甘蔗脱毒健康组培苗的最佳种植密度,为大田生产提供依据.[方法]以桂糖49号茎尖脱毒健康组培苗为材料,分别设置株行距为40 cm×1.2 m、50 cm×1.2 m、60 cm×1.2 m、70 cm×1.2 m、80 cm×1.2 m、90 cm×1.2 m共6种密度(处理A～F)种植,调查组培苗新植蔗分蘖率、分蘖苗成茎率、有效蔗茎数、株高、茎径、蔗芽数、新植蔗和宿根蔗产量等.[结果]株距在40～90 cm?株-1之间,组培苗新植蔗分蘖率、成茎率、株高、茎径等随着种植密度增加而递减;单株有效芽数随种植密度增加而减少;甘蔗有效茎数、产量和单位面积有效蔗芽数以B处理(株距50 cm)最高,分别为94590株?hm-2、53.99 t?hm-2和1327098个?hm-2,A处理(株距40 cm)次之,分别为94455株?hm-2、53.02 t?hm-2和1294034个?hm-2,F处理(株距90 cm)最低,分别为76050株?hm-2、44.16 t?hm-2和1143032个?hm-2;下茬宿根蔗株高、茎径、有效茎数、产量等性状,各处理间差异不明显.[结论]适当的种植密度对增加单位面积有效茎数和提高甘蔗产量具有显著效果.桂糖49号组培苗以行距1.2 m、株距40～50 cm种植,其农艺性状和产量最佳.

2015～2017年,基于当时广西蔗区主栽品种ROC22宿根蔗缺株断垄严重而开展了种茎直接补种宿根蔗延长年限研究,利用桂辐98-296种茎直接补种ROC22、桂糖42号、桂柳05-136宿根蔗的田间试验.根据3年的试验结果表明,桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理蔗茎产量比对照平均增产19.39 t/hm2,增幅33.51％,种茎补种处理蔗茎蔗糖分比对照高0.04％.经济效益分析结果表明:宿根蔗因年限延长2年而年节约种植成本平均为1234.2元/hm2,种植者纯增收平均为4898.8元/hm2,制糖企业新增工业产值平均为14838.0元/hm2.综合部分制糖企业多点及其它甘蔗品种的示范表征结果,完善与提炼出具有创新性和实用性的"种茎直接补种宿根蔗延长年限栽培技术体系".对该技术在广西蔗区生产未来大面积推广应用,对蔗糖产业提质和降本增效,以及利用机械化作业以提高补种作业劳动生产率进行了展望,并提出了一定的推广建议.

细菌污染是甘蔗组培苗生产上的一个主要问题.为明确甘蔗组培中常出现的污染细菌的种类,本研究通过梯度稀释的方法分离污染细菌,结合生化特性、16S rRNA和phaC基因序列比对及系统发育分析鉴定其分类地位.结果表明,共分离获得2种不同类型污染细菌,除了甘露醇,其余9个生化指标完全一致.基因序列比对发现,2种类型分离物的种内2个基因序列完全一致,而种间16S rRNA序列只有2个碱基差异,种间phaC序列有23个碱基差异.2个基因序列构建的系统发育树显示,2种细菌遗传距离较近,并均能形成独立的2个分支.结合生化特征、序列比对及系统发育树,将2种污染细菌分别鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和阿氏芽孢杆菌(B.aryabhattai),且首次报道阿氏芽孢杆菌为甘蔗组织培养中的污染细菌.本研究揭示了巨大芽孢杆菌可能来源于甘蔗的内生菌,而阿氏芽孢杆菌来源于环境.

研究以品种'桂辐98-296'('GF98-296')种茎直接补种'桂柳05-136'('GL05-136')宿根蔗地对甘蔗农艺性状及其经济效益的影响,以解决甘蔗宿根缺株断垄问题,为推广"种茎直接补种新技术"提供科学依据.试验设'GF98-296'种茎直接补种'GL05-136'宿根蔗地(处理A)、'GL05-136'种茎直接补种'GL05-136'宿根蔗地(处理B)、不补种自然状态下'GL05-136'宿根蔗地(CK),共3个处理;在'GL05-136'宿根苗期2～4张叶片时期实施补种,到工艺成熟期调查3个处理甘蔗的农艺性状及其单位面积产量,并进行比较分析.结果 表明:处理A产量为79.55 t/hm2,分别比CK、处理B增产19.29、13.91 t/hm2,增幅分别达32.01％、21.18％,且差异达极显著水平;处理B产量与CK差异不显著;直接补种不影响'GL05-136'宿根蔗的发株、产量和蔗糖分;工艺成熟期时,'GF98-296'蔗茎的蔗糖分与'GL05-136'宿根蔗茎的相当.经济效益分析表明,以'GF98-296'种茎直接补种'GL05-136'宿根蔗地,蔗农增收5071.0元/hm2;制糖企业可增加工业产值15573.0元/hm2.表明'GF98-296'适宜作为'GL05-136'宿根蔗地种茎直接补种品种,可进行大面积示范和推广.

以往每年榨季糖料蔗砍收后,在田间留下大量的蔗叶(叶梢),通常以就地焚烧的方式处理.但近年来因污染环境已被明令禁止.如何有效处理利用糖料蔗叶,已成为糖料甘蔗生产亟待解决的问题.本文综述了糖料蔗叶的营养成分,以及蔗叶还田、蔗叶作为饲料、栽培食用菌、生产木糖等方面的研究结果和存在问题.建议通过研究开发小型实用多用途的蔗叶粉碎机械设备,形成农机专业服务组织,为蔗农提供蔗叶粉碎还田作业服务;研发推广蔗叶回收机械,扩大利用蔗叶处理加工生产规模,形成工厂化、产业化生产,多头并进,有效处理利用糖料蔗叶,以促进蔗糖产业持续发展.

研究'桂辐98-296'(GF98-296)种茎直接补种'桂糖42号'(GT42)宿根蔗对农艺性状的影响,探讨GF98-296解决甘蔗宿根缺株断垄问题,为推广应用提供科学依据.试验设计GF98-296种茎直接补种GT42宿根(A)、GT42种茎直接补种于GT42宿根(B)和自然状态GT42宿根(CK)3个处理,在GT42宿根苗期1～4张叶片时期实施补种,并调查各个处理的农艺性状及进行经济效益分析.结果表明:A处理产量达到77.93 t/hm2,分别比B处理和CK增产14.15、19.79 t/hm2,增幅分别达22.18％和34.03％,达到极显著差异水平,B处理的产量与CK之间差异不显著;直接补种处理均不影响GT42宿根的发株、成茎、产量和蔗糖分;A处理的GF98-296蔗茎蔗糖分略高于GT42宿根;通过GF98-296种茎直接补种GT42宿根,蔗农增收5506.6元/hm2,制糖企业可增加工业产值14813.2元/hm2.GF98-296适宜作为GT42宿根的种茎直接补种品种,应对这项新技术进行大面积示范和推广.

[目的]利用甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296种茎补种新台糖22号(ROC22)宿根蔗,以解决宿根蔗缺株断垄、产量下降的问题,为该方法的大面积推广应用提供科学依据.[方法]选择ROC22缺株断垄较严重的第2年宿根蔗地为试验地,以ROC22宿根蔗地的自然状态为对照(CK),设桂辐98-296种茎补种ROC22宿根(处理A)和ROC22种茎补种ROC22宿根(处理B)2个补种处理.调查各处理植株月伸长速度、单位面积有效茎数、株高、茎径及蔗糖分,并进行经济效益分析.[结果]处理A桂辐98-296补种蔗茎的出苗率(75.13％)和成茎率(91.45％)较高,6～9月平均伸长速度(56.4 cm)与处理A和B的宿根蔗及CK的平均月伸长速度差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);其株高(298 cm)与处理B宿根蔗及CK的株高基本一致;处理A蔗茎产量较CK极显著增产35.17％(P<0.01),经济效益明显.处理B同品种补种的出苗率(71.25％)和成茎率(16.44％)偏低,6～9月平均生长速度(21.2 cm)缓慢,整体产量与CK无显著差异,经济效益不明显.[结论]采用桂辐98-296种茎补种ROC22宿根蔗,可显著提高宿根蔗的单位面积产量,增加经济效益,解决宿根蔗缺蔸断垄、产量下降的问题,宜大面积推广应用.

Sugarcane tissue culture technology is the main method for rapid extension of new varieties.There remain some differences in hormone combination of culture medium for different varieties.In order to select the best medium component for GT48,experiments were conducted to screen medium in the callus induction phase,callus differentiation phase,multiplication phase and rooted phase.The results showed that the best callus induction medium is MS+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L,the best callus differentiation medium is MS + BA 1.0 mg/L,the best primary multiplication medium is MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+GA 0.5 g/L,the best subculture multiplication medium is MS+BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L and the best rooting medium is 1/2 MS+NAA5 mg/L.In these optimum media,the roots are better,the seedlings are greener,taller and the growth better.

The effect of different substrates on rooting survival rate of GT44 (a new sugarcane variety) test-tube plantlets without roots was studied by a single factor test to screen the optimum cultivate substrate for test-tube sugarcane plantlets without roots,improve the survival rate and reduce production cost.Results:The survival rate of GT44 test-tube plantlets without roots cultured on different substrates is T4 (70 ％ garden soil+30％ river sand)＞T3 (garden soil)＞T5 (river sand)＞T2 (70％ yellow soil + 30％river sand)＞T1 (yellow soil)＞T6 (organic matter with higher fertility).The growth rate of GT44 testtube plantlets without roots cultured on different substrates is T6 ＞ T4 ＞T3 ＞ T2 ＞ T1 ＞ T5.The rooting speed of GT44 test-tube plantlets without roots cultured on different substrates is T5 ＞T4 ＞T2 ＞T3 ＞T1 ＞T6 but there is no obvious difference in rooting time among six treatments.The organic matter with higher fertility gets mildewed easily,followed by garden soil,and yellow soil and river sand do not get mildewed easily.The optimum cultivate substrate for test-tube sugarcane plantlets without roots is 70％ yellow soil + 30％ river sand.

Seed cane of sugarcane variety Guifu98-296 was planted directly in the ratoon of sugarcane variety ROC 22 to investigate their optimum planting time and depth to provide scientific basis for sugarcane production and extension. The seed cane was planted at three different time, i.e., bud pre-emergence, bud emergence or 2-3 leaves based seedlings of the ratoon of sugarcane ROC22, and three different depths, i.e., the bottom of planting ditch parallel to the base of the ratoon, to the lower buds of the ratoon, or higher than the low buds of the ratoon in the experiment. The yield traits, crop yield and sucrose quality of the sugarcane Guifu98-296 and the sugarcane ROC22 ratoon were determined and analyzed. The crop yield of Guifu98-286 p ranged from 16.71 t/ha to 18.30 t/ha, not significantly different among all the treatments, and the cane sucrose content was at the range of 13.62%~14.23%, without much difference among the treatments. The ROC22 ratoon had a crop yield ranging from 54.05 to 56.19 t/ha, with no obvious different among all the treatments, and its sucrose content wasbetwe en 13.72% and 14.13% not much different among all the treatments. Planting of the seed cane of Guifu98-296 in ROC22 ratoon at the stage from the bud pre-emergence to the seedlings with 2-3 leaves could increase the effective number of stalks per unit area and the cane yield. And the best planting depth was that the seed cane was placed parallel to the low end of the stump of the ratoon .

以桂糖47号为材料,以MS基本加外源激素浓度梯度进行试验处理设计,对品种的愈伤诱导、愈伤分化、试管苗增殖和生根阶段进行培养基筛选试验,以期筛选出最合适桂糖47号的培养基配方.试验结果表明:优化的桂糖47号愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.5mg/L;愈伤组织分化培养基为MS+BA 1.0mg/L;增殖培养基为MS+BA 0.8mg/L+NAA 0.05mg/L;生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA5mg/L,生根最好,苗绿、比较高,长势好,对加快甘蔗新品种桂糖47号在广西蔗区大面积推广种植起到积极的作用.

[目的]探讨采用甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296种茎对新台糖22号宿根蔗直接补种对各自产量和蔗糖品质的影响,以有效地解决宿根蔗缺株断垄问题,延长宿根蔗年限,降低植蔗周期生产成本,为生产应用提供理论依据.[方法]采用桂辐98-296和新台糖22号种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根,调查补种的桂辐98-296、新台糖22号和新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现.[结果]桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理产量为74.33t/hm2,分别比CK、新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理增产18.36、15.83t/hm2,且差异达极显著水平;新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理产量与CK差异不显著.直接补种不影响新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量和蔗糖分;补种的桂辐98-296的蔗糖分与新台糖22号宿根蔗相当.[结论]桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗,可以增加单位面积有效茎数,提高单位面积产量;方法简单、高效、实用,有效延长了宿根年限,提高植蔗的经济效益.

为了解高产高糖甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296在广西蔗区的适宜种植密度,为其推广应用提供合理密植依据.在广西隆安县、合山市、柳江县、融水县、环江县5个不同蔗区进行67500、82500、97500、112500芽/hm2四种不同种植密度水平比较试验.结果表明,在67500～112500芽/hm2范围内,不影响桂辐98-296的出苗率、分蘖率和蔗糖分,蔗株茎径与种植密度呈负相关,单位面积有效茎数与种植密度呈正相关;97500芽/hm2处理平均蔗茎产量最高为97.35 t/hm2,分别比82500、112500、67500芽/hm2处理增加1.42、2.12、6.02 t/hm2;桂辐98-296最适的种植密度为82500～97500芽/hm2,但不同类型蔗区对种植密度反应存在差异,生产上应因地制宜.

Under different ecolog ical conditions, study the effect of dressing nitrogen on growth of Guifu98-296, for purpose of provide reference on large area planting and the popularization and application in Guangxi province. Based on the local sugarcane grower conventional used fertilizer rate, there were 4 different dressing nitrogen treatments designed in experiment, which was 0 (Control), 150, 300, and 450 kg/hm2 respectively. According to experiment design, dressing nitrogen on Guifu98-296 in 6 sugarcane region of Guangxi Heshan City, Long'an County, Liujiang County, Huanjiang Couty, Xiangzhou County and Laibin City Xingbin District, investigated and analyzed its agronomic characters and yield performance. The results indicate that, the average sugarcane yield of 300, 450, and 150 kg/hm2 treatments were increased 11.02, 8.22, 7.30 t/hm2 respectively compare with the control. The poor ecological conditions of Heshan City, Long'an County, Huanjiang Couty and Laibin City Xingbin District, sugarcane yield increased significantly. Sugarcane production level was relatively higher in Liujiang County and Xiangzhou County, but the effect of yield increasing was not obvious. The results showed that, in the poor ecological conditions of sugarcane region, dressing nitrogen from 150 kg/hm2 to 300 kg/hm2 on Guifu98-296, the effect of yield increasing was optimal.