迪北气藏为塔里木油田库车山前库车北部构造带的重要勘探区块,属于常温高压致密砂岩凝析气藏,具有储层厚度大、沉积结构复杂、连续性差、地应力高、应力差大、延伸压力梯度大、天然裂缝发育特征差异大等特点,区块内20余井次储层改造效果差异大,主体改造工艺技术尚未定型,严重制约了该区块高效勘探开发.为此,根据区块储层地质特征,借鉴国内外非常规油气提产理念,积极探索了桥射联作密切割分段压裂工艺,研究了不同裂缝发育特征的压裂液体系选择,提出了实现分簇射孔均匀起裂方法,形成了桥射联作现场监督管理方法,为库车山前大斜度井及水平井储层改造工艺选择提供了新思路.

随着轮古油气田地层能量逐渐衰竭,部分自喷井逐步发生井筒积液,特别是部分原油超高含蜡油井生产过程中,蜡质大量析出堵塞井筒,加快油井停喷.为了解决上述问题,通过室内研究与现场试验,进行柱塞结构改良和举升工艺设计,研发出一套"柱塞内部中空带拉杆结构+柱塞外部旋转带螺纹刮刀结构"的一体化柱塞气举新工艺.该工艺解决了处于临界停喷状态下的原油超高含蜡油井举升困难的问题,实现了井筒高效清蜡和油气井连续生产的目的,现场应用4井次,累计增油7810 t,累计增气290.5×104 m3.旋转清蜡柱塞连续气举新工艺现场应用效果明显,已在油田进行推广,实现临界停喷高凝油井高效连续生产.

随着轮南、桑解油田地层能量不断衰竭,部分新井自喷生产一段时间后井筒逐渐积液,以及部分高凝油井举升过程中随着井筒温度的降低而析出蜡质造成流通通道的堵塞.为了解决这一系列问题,通过室内研究与现场试验,在原有柱塞气举工艺的基础上,创新研发出一套"柱塞内部中空带拉杆结构+柱塞外部密封带刮蜡片结构"的一体化柱塞气举新工艺.该工艺解决了处于临界停喷状态下的高凝油井举升困难的问题,实现了不关井连续生产,现场应用6井次,减少制氮车气举作业73次,减少机械清蜡作业122次,累计增油25416 t,累计增气1403×104 m3.连续清蜡柱塞新工艺现场应用效果明显,已在相关油田进行推广应用,初步实现了临界停喷的高凝油井的高效连续生产.

库车坳陷南部斜坡带发育中生界—新生界陆相含油气系统,油气资源丰富,是远源油气藏的重点勘探领域,在空间上具有"西富东贫、纵向集中、下油上气、油气并存、以气为主"的分布格局.基于岩心、钻井、孔隙度和渗透率、流体包裹体、油气地球化学等分析测试资料,通过对库车坳陷南部斜坡带中生界—新生界远源油气的成藏条件及富集主控因素进行系统分析,明确了下一步的油气勘探方向.毗邻拜城富油气凹陷、成烃期的稳定斜坡构造、高效的油气输导体系、优越的储-盖组合和持续的油气充注是南部斜坡带形成远源油气藏的关键条件,油气藏总体上呈现"持续供烃、早油晚气、分段捕获、晚期成藏"的成藏特征.油气富集表现为"三元主控",即岩性的上倾尖灭带、构造高部位和断层遮挡带共同控制油气富集,油气主要富集在扇三角洲前缘席状砂或湖相滩坝砂体的上倾尖灭带、倾向朝南的构造高部位和调节断层的遮挡带.研究认识既可以为研究区下一步油气勘探部署提供理论依据,也可以为地质条件相似的构造带开展远源油气藏研究提供借鉴.

轮南、桑解油田部分储层原油沥青质含量高,生产过程中沥青质析出,造成井筒举升困难及地面集输管线超压,导致油井无法正常生产。为了解决上述问题,通过室内研究与现场试验,研发了一种耐高温、抗高矿化度的水溶性稠油降黏剂JN-1,并设计了3种针对不同油井管柱、原油物性特征的药剂加注工艺。该稠油化学降黏工艺解决了高温、高矿化度条件下高沥青质含量原油的井筒举升及地面集输困难的问题,实现了油井连续生产,现场应用14井次,累计增油16 037 t,累计增气257×10~4 m~3。稠油化学降黏新工艺的现场应用效果明显,使高沥青质含量的稠油井实现高效连续生产。

塔里木盆地塔中隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩特大型凝析气田的地质特征、流体性质及分布复杂,明晰其成因对于评价与开发该气田具有重要的意义.为了给塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩凝析气藏的勘探开发提供理论依据,基于塔中隆起凝析气田的动、静态生产资料,结合油气藏有机地球化学指标等实验数据,研究了该气田凝析气藏的特征与油气成藏演化历史,探讨了该气田凝析气藏的类型与成因.研究结果表明:①塔中凝析气田主要为古油藏遭受后期气侵与气洗形成的次生凝析气藏组成;②超深层下寒武统的干酪根裂解气与原油裂解气可能以凝析气相态供烃形成原生凝析气藏,主要分布在超深层寒武系一下奥陶统与缺少古油藏的东部潜山区;③塔中凝析气田形成于喜马拉雅期,并且与快速增长的地层压力密切相关,形成相态类型与成因多样的油气藏模式.结论认为,塔中凝析气田同时存在着原生与次生凝析气藏的成因类型,受控于地层压力系统、气侵强度与古油藏规模等3个要素,并由此导致了复杂的流体分布与油气产出,不同于常规凝析气藏,在油气藏评价与开发过程中需要加以区别对待.

塔里木东河油田埋藏深,温度高,压力高,渗透率低,经注水开发后,现转入注气开发.随着注气开发时间的增加,出砂问题严重、油井免修期短、长时间砂埋油层对油井正常生产造成了严重的影响.东河油田发育广海型海滩沉积,非均质性强,胶结程度低,具备出砂内因.结合生产日报和井下作业日志等现场资料,可知生产压差、作业频率和产液流速等是油田出砂的主要生产因素.通过粒度分析和铸体薄片等岩心物性实验,分析了岩心粒度分布、主要成分、孔喉结构及胶结情况等,验证了粉细砂岩及弱胶结容易造成出砂;速敏实验结果显示,随着流速的增大,渗透率损害程度显著增强,也导致油层容易出砂;注气出砂机理实验结果表明,高流量的气液混合物紊流进一步加大了油层出砂的可能性.文中用理论与实验阐明了东河油田出砂的机理,为油田下步防砂工作提供了有力的依据.

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塔北隆起西部玉东地区白垩系巴西改组广泛发育薄层砂岩,形成受构造控制的岩性圈闭.储层厚度约3～5 m,而常规地震资料分辨率有限,储层预测难度大.从正演模拟出发,结合实钻井资料,设计不同的正演模型,分析了不同薄储层发育模式对地震波形的影响,实验结果表明:厚层块状砂岩发育时,振幅最强,而薄砂层发育时,振幅相对减弱;块状砂岩内部泥岩隔层发育时,振幅降低的同时波谷变宽.通过波谷宽度与振幅2种属性聚类交会,参考已钻井岩相信息,形成地震相平面图,平面上实现储层的定性预测;在此基础上开展相控约束下的高分辨率地震波形指示反演,明确含油砂体分布范围.实钻结果证实储层预测吻合率较高,纵横向上符合地质认识,从而明确了玉东地区白垩系巴西改组千万吨级油气勘探潜力,取得了较好的应用效果,对后期薄砂层油气藏勘探与开发具有重要的指导作用.

Through new 3-D seismic data, we present relationship between maximum throw and fault length and fault segment length in fault zones, and relationship among length, width, throw and separation in overlap and tip zones of a conjugate strike-slip fault system in the intracratonic Tarim Basin, NW China. The results show that: (1) the major fault zones are in range of 23-76 km in length, and compose of 3-8 segments with low maximum throw less than 140 m; (2) a good power law-scaling relationship of throw-segment length but not of throw-fault length; (3) more mature in NNW trending faults than in NNE trending faults; (4) the hard-linked overlap zones concentrate most deformation and exceptional high throws, with better linear correlation between throw and overlap zone length rather than soft-linked segments; (5) length/width, length/throw and separation/throw ratios from the transpressional overlap zones varies in a range of 4.6-11.2, 59-130 and 6.1-12.3, which are quite larger than those from extensional settings. Our study suggest that: (1) the fault growth depends on the stages of segment linkage (maturity); (2) the linear trends of scaling relationship between fault elements are mainly controlled by mechanical properties, while the scattered distribution of data is related to the stage of fault linkage and overlapping; (3) the deformation and displacement are localized in the overlap zones after hardlinkage following fault segments interaction; (4) fault elements could be useful to understanding fault growth and evolution stages in the deep subsurface. These results provide new insight into a better understanding of fault linkage and interaction from the subsurface seismic data in strike-slip fault zones.

研究了颗粒充填ICD调流控水完井技术,分析了颗粒充填ICD调流控水完井技术原理,并建立了ICD节流压降的计算模型,论证了颗粒充填调流控水完井工艺的关键技术.颗粒充填ICD调流控水技术在塔里木油田塔中油田TZ10-XX井开展现场试验,颗粒充填调流控水工具提供了1.43～3.23 MPa的附加压差,并且该井产液指数较产油指数明显降低,表明水平井颗粒充填调流控水筛管完井技术可有效实现稳油控水的目的,该技术的应用可将大量长停井救活,可将大量高含水井变为中低含水井,极大地延长无水采油期和低含水期.

Based on three-dimensional seismic interpretation, structural and sedimentary feature analysis, and examination of fluid properties and production dynamics, the regularity and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin are investigated. The results show that the oil and gas in the Tazhong uplift has the characteristics of complex accumulation mainly controlled by faults, and more than 80% of the oil and gas reserves are enriched along fault zones. There are large thrust and strike-slip faults in the Tazhong uplift, and the coupling relationship between the formation and evolution of the faults and accumulation determine the difference in complex oil and gas accumulations. The active scale and stage of faults determine the fullness of the traps and the balance of the phase, that is, the blocking of the transport system, the insufficient filling of oil and gas, and the unsteady state of fluid accumulation are dependent on the faults. The multi-period tectonic sedimentary evolution controls the differences of trap conditions in the fault zones, and the multi-phase hydrocarbon migration and accumulation causes the differences of fluid distribution in the fault zones. The theory of differential oil and gas accumulation controlled by fault is the key to the overall evaluation, three-dimensional development and discovery of new reserves in the Tazhong uplift.

近几年,在塔里木盆地塔北隆起深层碎屑岩储层中发现了一定规模的油气资源,研究深层优质储层形成主控因素及分布,一直是本区深层油气勘探的关键问题.本文应用岩芯观察、粒度分析、普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光薄片等技术方法,通过对塔北隆起英买力地区深层白垩系巴西改组优质储层特征的研究,结果表明巴西改组具有沉积水动力强、杂基含量少、砂岩压实不充分、胶结物主要为方解石胶结物及溶蚀作用发育等特点.在沉积条件和成岩条件对深层储层物性发育控制作用分析的基础上,认为形成现今深层优质储层的原因主要有三个方面:①好的原始沉积条件为深层优质储层发育提供基础;②压实作用不充分保存了较高的粒间体积百分比(IGV),为深层高孔隙储层发育提供条件,而压实不充分的原因是早期发育的胶结物抵御了一部分上覆垂向有效应力和深埋时间短;③大量方解石胶结物的溶蚀对深层优质储层形成具有重要作用.

塔里木盆地塘古坳陷历经20余年勘探而成效甚微,在新的地震与钻井资料基础上,通过地层沉积对比、构造解析重新认识塘古坳陷的形成与演化,及其对勘探方向的指示研究,结果表明:1)塘古地区存在基底古隆起,寒武系自塔中向南逐渐减薄;2)本区钻揭中?下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层连续,不存在寒武系—中奥陶统的台槽;3)上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期在东西两侧发育巨厚的台地边缘相带,而坳陷区相变为盆地泥岩相;4)北东向冲断构造具有分层变形特点,断裂活动始于晚奥陶世早期,冲断推覆作用主要形成于奥陶纪末.结果揭示塘古坳陷经历4期构造关键演化期:1)寒武—中奥陶世与塔中连为一体的碳酸盐岩台地发育期;2)上奥陶统良里塔格组沉积期受控东南板缘俯冲与碰撞作用的台盆形成期;3)奥陶纪末强烈沉降的挤压挠曲盆地定型期;4)志留纪—泥盆纪的构造改造期.该结果为盆地构造古地理研究与深层油气评价提供了基础,并提出了勘探新方向.

由于塔里木油田碳酸盐岩储层存在油井裸眼段易垮塌出砂、油稠井筒流动阻力大等问题,导致有杆泵采油井频繁发生砂卡泵、柱塞阀罩断脱等故障,造成经济损失.为了解决上述问题,通过室内研究与现场试验,研发出一套"双泵筒+长柱塞短泵筒"结构的长柱塞防砂泵采油新工艺.该工艺在前期深井、超深井有杆泵采油技术的基础上进行了创新,实现柱塞阀罩始终在泵筒外运行,降低了砂卡泵、柱塞阀罩断脱频次,现场应用14井次,减少砂卡泵、柱塞阀罩断脱作业15井次,提高了油井生产时率,实现累增油量23434 t.长柱塞防砂泵采油新工艺现场应用效果明显,已逐步在油田进行推广,实现有杆泵油井高效生产.

塔里木盆地台盆区海相烃源岩的分布是制约油气勘探的主控因素,在构造—古地理背景分析基础上,通过典型井地球化学分析结合测井标定与地震追踪,重新厘定寒武系主力烃源岩分布。结果表明,东部烃源岩主要分布在中-下寒武统泥页岩中,西部烃源岩主要分布在下寒武统泥页岩中,中-上寒武统—下奥陶统碳酸盐岩缺乏有效烃源岩,单井纵向厚度标定东部低于100 m、西部低于40 m,远低于早期预测厚度。寒武系烃源岩并非满盆分布,主要分布在满东凹陷、满西台内洼,并发现塔西南南缘可能发育大面积陆缘斜坡烃源岩,而巴楚—麦盖提、塘古—塔中、塔北等基底古隆起区缺乏烃源岩。受控前寒武纪古隆起与寒武纪弱伸展背景影响,寒武系发育4种构造背景下的烃源岩:主要为台间盆、台内洼烃源岩,以及可能存在被动陆缘斜坡、板块边缘裂谷烃源岩。

YM32下古生界潜山油气藏是受断裂控制的低幅度油气藏,油气运聚复杂.结合新钻井的地球化学分析数据,对研究区油气藏油气运移规律进行剖析.依据YM32下古生界潜山气田藏的原油及抽体物样品中的饱和烃的烷烃、甾藿烷,芳烃的萘与菲、烷基二苯并噻吩、三芳甾烷等生物标志化合物进行系统分析,优选油气示踪参数,并归一化,结合族组分分析结果,形成了油气运移示踪二步法.综合研究发现,YM32下古生界潜山油气藏有YM342-YM343和YM322两个油气充注点,以及YM342-YM 343→YM 34-1H→YM 32、YM342-YM343→YM34-7H→YM33、YM342-YM343→YM37-YM35,以及YM322→YM321→YM32共4条油气运移路径,并在YM342-YM343→YM37-YM35油气运移路径上,发现2个资源量超过1.00×106t的潜力圈闭.单参数与油气运移示踪二步法都可以反映油气运移路径,而后者具有全面、直观、准确地表征油气运移路径的特点.

Thin sand layers are widely developed in the Cretaceous Baxigai Formation in the Yudong area, western Tabei Uplift, and series of lithologic traps controlled by the structures are formed. The thickness of the target layer is 3–5 m, which is beyond the resolution of conventional seismic data; this causes the prediction of the reservoir to be difficult. Starting from the forward simulation, a forward model was designed based on the well logging data and characteristics of the strata in the well area to analyze the impact of different thin reservoir development modes on the seismic waveform. The experimental results show that the amplitude of thick sandstone is strong, while that of the thin sandstone is weaker. When mudstone barriers develop in sandstones, the amplitude decreases and the trough widens. Based on the results above, the seismic facies plan is formed by clustering the two attributes of wave trough width and amplitude, and the qualitative prediction of the reservoir can be realized on the plane by referring to the drilled rock information. Based on this, high-resolution seismic waveform inversion was carried out to achieve vertical reservoir prediction. The inversion results on the profile are higher than those of well logging. Furthermore, geological knowledge is achieved on the plane and good application results are obtained.

针对塔里木盆地超深地震资料品质差、小位移走滑断层识别与解释难,结合地震剖面建模与地震平面属性识别,开展区域构造解释成图与构造解析.结果表明,塔里木克拉通内发育北东向与北西向走滑断层,并发育多种典型走滑构造,分布面积达5×104 km2,构成环满西大型统一走滑断层系统.环满西走滑断层系统具有分区、分级、分层、分类与分段的差异性,形成塔北、满西与塔中3个分区,4级规模断层;走滑断层主要以压扭为主分布在下古生界碳酸盐岩中,志留系—泥盆系、石炭—二叠系、中生界—古近系有张扭继承性活动;大型走滑断层沿走向具有分段性.综合分析,环满西走滑断层系统形成于中?晚加里东期,加里东末—早海西期、晚海西期和燕山—喜玛拉雅早期等有继承性活动;走滑断层演化具有继承性与改造性,连接生长是形成小位移、超长陆内走滑断层带的主要机制.本研究为复杂断裂构造研究提供了新思路.

常规温度计及压力计难以满足塔里木盆地东河油田超深高温的井下条件,且仅能监测单点的温度和压力.鉴于此,引进了永久式光电复合缆监测新技术.该技术中的监测系统主要包括井下光电缆、井下压力计、封隔器、地面系统四大部分及相应配件,创新性地将温度监测光纤与压力监测电缆一体化封装、捆绑在油管柱下入,实现了全井筒温度及部分井段压力的实时动态监测.试验结果表明:井下永久式压力计监测结果与梯度测试结果误差小于0.5％,光纤温度监测剖面与梯度测试温度剖面很接近;根据永久式光纤温度监测系统的井筒温度分布解释结果可反演油井的产气剖面,从而指导注气开发动态调整.永久式光电复合缆监测新技术解决了超深高温油气井动态资料录取困难的问题,可满足生产井和水平注气井等井不同类型的监测需求,具有极为广阔的应用前景.