本文依据多年调查研究成果并结合吉林省红松人工林现状,提出红松人工幼龄林改建经济林的技术措施,为促进红松经济林健康、快速发展提供科学依据.

Cellular redox state and hormone levels have important regulatory roles in the process of somatic embryogenesis (SE), but experimental data on the topic are limited in conifer SE. This study investigated changes in redox pairs (reduced glutathione (GSH) vs oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ascorbic acid (ASA) vs dehydroascorbate (DHA)), activities of enzymes (glutathione reductase (GR), DHA reductase (DHAR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)), and levels of endogenous hormones (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin-riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA)) following exogenous supplements of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), GSH, and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to the proliferation medium of Picea pungens SE and linked the changes with proliferation efficiencies. While 2,4-D promoted proliferation and maturation in a concentration-dependent manner, the joint application of 2,4-D (2 mg/L) and GSH (0.5 mmol/L) was the most effective. Such beneficial roles were not observed when GSH alone was applied and exogenous BSO (1 mmol/L) prohibited proliferation. Supplements of 2,4-D and GSH, individually or jointly, enhanced the GR activity, decreased the DHAR activity and increased amounts of redox compounds, yet more in GSH and ASA than in GSSG and DHA, creating reduced environments. Exogenous BSO had reversal effects, creating an oxidized environment, and so was the joint use of 2,4-D and BSO, although at a less extent. 2,4-D and GSH reduced while BSO increased IAA content. The alternations in redox state as well as in IAA content from exogenous 2,4-D or BSO supplements coincided with the corresponding changes in proliferation. The notable finding was that exogenous GSH, regardless its substantial roles in reducing environments or IAA content, did not improve proliferation. Thus, the role of GSH on proliferation varied, depending on 2,4-D existing, and could not be fully accounted for by dynamic changes in redox state or hormone level. Alternations in APX and hormones ABA, ZR, GA, and IAA/ABA ratio were also found not highly involved in altering proliferation.

本文综述了针叶树体胚发生的影响因素,并提出了展望,以期为今后针叶树体细胞胚胎发生体系研究及应用提供参考.

[目的]通过对红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)体细胞胚胎发生条件的筛选和超低温保存技术研究,建立其完整的体胚发生体系及超低温保存条件,为红皮云杉优良种质资源的大量繁殖及保存提供基础.[方法]以红皮云杉合子胚为外植体,以两种基本培养基、6种植物生长调节剂组合为培养条件,筛选胚性愈伤组织诱导的适宜条件.并将获得的胚性愈伤组织进行超低温保存和体胚发育与成熟萌发试验,以3种脱落酸(ABA)和Gelrite浓度以及4种基本培养基为培养条件,筛选出体胚成熟和萌发的适宜培养条件.[结果]①两种基本培养基相比较,改良RJW(诱导率为30.00％)优于1/2 LV(诱导率为22.50％)基本培养基.当萘乙酸(NAA)质量浓度为3.0 mg/L、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高为50.00％;②胚性愈伤组织增殖培养3个月后进行超低温保存试验,经恢复培养10 d左右可以清晰地观察到成活的胚性愈伤组织,3个细胞系的胚性愈伤组织均可成活;③体胚发育阶段,改良RJW培养基添加Gelrite 6.0 g/L和ABA 20 mg/L时,3个细胞系体胚数量均较高,但是畸形胚比例也偏高,特别是HY-1细胞系畸形胚比例高达77.14％;当Gelrite质量浓度增加到8.0 g/L时,3个细胞系畸形胚比例均降低,其中HY-2细胞系体胚数量为396.00个/g,畸形胚比例为10.33％;④红皮云杉体胚成熟培养两个月进行体胚萌发,在1/2 LM上体胚萌发能力最弱,其次是LM基本培养基,改良RJW体胚萌发能力最佳.不同细胞系体胚萌发能力也不同,体胚萌发能力最高为65.00％.[结论]① 胚性愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为改良RJW基本培养基,适宜的激素组合为NAA 3.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L;②本试验进行超低温保存的细胞系均可成活;③体胚发育与成熟适宜的ABA质量浓度为20 mg/L,适宜Gelrite质量浓度为8.0 g/L;④体胚萌发的适宜基本培养基为改良RJW基本培养基.本研究建立了红皮云杉体胚发生体系并成功进行胚性愈伤组织的超低温保存条件,该技术体系可用于红皮云杉优良种质的快速繁殖.

红松是重要的用材树种和坚果经济林树种.以组织培养的方法,选用三岔子红松种子园5个家系的未成熟种子作为外植体进行胚性愈伤组织诱导研究.结果 表明,不同家系未成熟种子在添加萘乙酸(NAA)2 mg/L+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)1 mg/L的培养基上胚性愈伤组织诱导率不同,最佳诱导率为5.68％.红松愈伤组织诱导的最适蔗糖浓度为30 g/L.选取长势良好的胚性愈伤组织进行超低温保存,在恢复培养10 d后可观察到不同细胞系均有明显新生愈伤组织,15 d后愈伤组织大量增殖.本研究为三岔子红松种子园红松优良种质资源的规模化繁殖和保存奠定了基础.

本文论述了2020年11月25日那场冰冻灾害对长春市园林树木的危害情况,并以株为单位提出了分类救治措施.

本文对自然保护地的定义、体系、保护目标等涉及自然保护地管理的相关内容进行梳理和总结,以期为各类自然保护地管理者制定保护管理规划与决策提供借鉴和参考.

[目的]探讨黑果枸杞的组织培养技术,为实现规模化高效离体快繁提供技术依据.[方法]以黑果枸杞当年生嫩茎为外植体,研究激素组合对黑果枸杞组培苗初代、增殖以及生根培养的影响.[结果]适合黑果枸杞初代培养的培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L,腋芽生长良好,萌芽率达88.61％,且玻璃化情况较少;适合微枝增殖培养的培养基为MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L,微枝生长速度快,增殖倍数可达4.8倍,少见玻璃化现象,且苗生长健壮,叶片嫩绿;适合微枝生根的培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/·L,生根率达98％.适宜的移栽基质为营养土:河沙:蛭石=3:1:1(体积比).[结论]黑果枸杞嫩茎离体培养和茎芽增殖可以获得再生植株实现离体快繁,本研究结果为黑果枸杞优良种质规模化繁殖提供了技术支持.

林木遗传育种中常见的生物技术主要包括以下几方面,如:分子标记技术.RAPD、RFLP、SSR、AFLP是林业研究中最常用的四种分子标记,促进了林木分子遗传图谱的构建,而林木遗传图谱的构建也在一定程度上为控制林木重要经济性状等基因的分子标记辅助选择定位奠定了基础.基因工程技术.主要包括抗性相关基因工程、材质相关基因工程、生殖相关基因工程和生长性状改良基因工程.将基因工程技术合理应用到林木遗传育种中,人们便可以对林木品种的遗传特性进行改造,这不仅能够打破种间杂交不亲和的界限,还能创造出新的育种资源.细胞工程技术.主要包括体细胞胚胎发生、人工种子、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交.体细胞胚胎作为人工种子和转基因的良好材料,具有较好的稳定性和较高的繁殖效率.体细胞杂交不经过有性过程,避开了有性杂交不亲和的生殖障碍,为新品种的培育提供了新的途径.

In order to explore the influence factors of the proliferation and the mature stage of somatic embryo of Picea crassifolia, the mature embryo was used as explants, and the related research of somatic embryos was carried out. The results showed that: the best medium for the callus maintenance and proliferation stage of the Picea crassifolia was 1/2 LV + BA 1.1 mg/L+ 2,4-D 3.3 mg/L + 10g/Lsucrose + L-glutamine 400 mg/L + hydrolyzed casein 400 mg/L + Phytagel 3.5g/L. The best subculture cycle of embryogenic callus was about 14-16 days. During the development and maturation of somatic embryos, when the ABA concentration was 30 mg/L, the number of normal embryos obtained by two seed germinal callus was the most.

樟子松(Pinus sylwestriv L.var mongolicalitv)又名海拉尔松,作为欧洲赤松一个变种,大约在200多万年前,由于冰山作用将樟子松从欧洲迁移到我国大兴安岭.

Studies were conducted with the watermelon cultivar ‘Jingxin’ in Liaoning Province.In order to reveal the viral multiplication process after watermelon was inoculated by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and its influence on photosynthesis,some physiological and biochemical indexes such as concentration of virus and photosynthetic pigment,activity of key enzymes and related physiological indexes were studied.The results indicated that the virus was detected on the 3rd day after watermelons were inoculated by CGMMV,and the concentration of virus was highest on the 24th day.Meanwhile the concentrations of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significantly lower than those of the control.The concentration of chlorophyll a was lower than that of healthy control after 9 days.The concentration of chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significantly decreased on the 15th day.On the 18th day,the concentration of chlorophyll b was equivalent to 1.33 times of the control.In this study,the activity of ALA anhydrase was tested.It was 29.9 U/h,much higher than that of the control and equivalent to 2.18 times on the 21st day.The tests showed that the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was significantly lower than that of the control,but the activity of glycolate oxidase was highcr than that of the control during the experimental period.The photosynthesis (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of watermelon leaves were lower than those of the control,while the concentration of CO2 in the cells was higher than that of the control.This research established foundation for revealing the change in photosynthesis after watermelon was inoculated by CGMMV.

The somatic embryo induction was carried out in 4 minimal medium and improved 1/2LV medium which contained different hormone combination by taking 4 provenance mature embryo of Picea crassifolia as explants.The result showed that the improved 1/2LV medium was optimum minimal medium.The inductivity of 1#, 2#, 4# provenance were exceeded 30 % by adding 6-BA 2.25 mg·L-1 + 2,4-D 6.60 mg·L-1 based on improved 1/2LV medium.They were 38.9 %, 33.4 %, 35.4 %.The inductivity of 3# provenance was 29.6 %.The inductivity of 1#, 4# provenance were higher than 2#, 3# provenance.The native provenance was easy to start and finish the dedifferentiation process.However, artificial secondary provenance explants was not easy to be induced.

The main secondary metabolites contents change rule of different cultivars Populus xylem and phloem was ana-lyzed in March, June, September and December according to the regularity rule of Saperda populnea.The relationship of secondary metabolites contents and Saperda populnea harm was studied.The result showed that the resistant differences of different cultivars Populus to Saperda populnea was significant.The resistance arrangement from strong to weak was Populus בBailin-3’, Populus psedosimonii ×P.nigra cv.‘Baicheng’, Populus simonii ×(Populus pyramidalis +Salix matsu-dana) cv.Poplaris, Populus ×eurameicana cv.‘Serotina’ , Populus simonii ×P.deltoids cv.‘Huangkuai’ .The tannin, total phenols and flavone content of each cultivars Populus xylem and phloem in larvae harm period ( June) were higher than late larvae overwintering period ( March) .It demonstrated that Populus can resistr pest through adjusting secondary metabo-lites contents constantly in the process of long-term cooperative coevolution with pests.

黄刺蛾Cnidocampa flavescens（Walker）属鳞翅目Lepidoptera，刺蛾科Limacodidae，黄刺蛾属Cnidocampa。在国内主要分布在吉林、辽宁、黑龙江、河南、山东、山西、河北、甘肃、湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、四川、福建、江苏、云南、广东等省。国外分布在日本、朝鲜和俄罗斯的西伯利亚南部等地。主要为害杨、柳、榆、槐及各种果树，是危害阔叶树的主要食叶害虫之一，在吉林省各地均有分布。

依据吉林省前郭县地区复杂的立地类型及气候条件，提出了针对不同立地条件的造林技术，并对三北防护林体系建设工程困难立地造林项目效益做了初步分析。

Growth characterstics and physiological indexes of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.were researched by five kinds of cultivation medium , the results showed that when the main indicator for forage forest of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.was bio-mass, the appropriate proportioning with significantly increased production was organic fertilizer :sand:saline-alkali soil=1:1:1;when proportioning was organic fertilizer:sand:saline-alkali soil =1:2:1, Elaeagnus angustifolia L presented higher saline -alkali tolerance that could normally grow .

“国家级公益林管理系统（县级版）”的公益林小班数据录入存在着数据录入方式单调、手工录入费时、录入后数据难以校对等问题。本文介绍了一种快速导入国家级公益林小班数据的技术，可极大地提高工作效率。