Food adulteration is one of the hottest food problems in today's society,and how to detect the adulteration or adulteration ratio more effectively is critical to solve this problem.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology has received great attention in recent years due to the rapid and nondestructive detection of the physical and chemical properties and structure of the samples.In this paper,the applications of NMR in the detection of food adulteration of oil,milk,honey and other food were introduced from the common detection parameters of iodine value,solid fat content,relaxation time,diffusion rate and specific signal.As a new adulteration detection technology,NMR technology is still not widely applied in domestic food adulteration.Compared with other existing food adulteration detection technologies,NMR technology has the advantages of rapid,nondestructive detection and easy operation and so on,and will have great development prospects in food adulteration detection in the future.

[目的]针对食品中屡禁不止的违禁添加色素柯衣定,拟建立一种以整体柱为活性增强基底、适合大批量样品快速筛查的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术.[方法]在确定整体柱的合成后,以整体柱的柱状及其粉碎后的粉末为基底,优化金溶胶与样品的混合比例、体系pH、取样量和检测时间,分别建立柯衣定SERS检测方法.[结果]以整体柱的柱状及其粉碎后的粉末为基底分别建立柯衣定的SERS检测方法,其检测限分别为0.10和0.25 μg/mL;在10.0 μg/mL浓度下,柯衣定在整体柱柱状和粉状承载形态下获得的整体增强效果相近,1 138和1 171 cm-1处峰位移在柱状SERS检测中的信号强度明显优于粉状SERS检测结果,且柱状的SERS信号更稳定.[结论]建议采用整体柱的柱状形态进行SERS检测,更具实用价值,有望应用于大批量样品进行快速筛查.

目的 了解苏州市姑苏区餐饮单位自制凉菜卫生微生物污染情况.方法 2013年抽取区内餐饮单位自制的凉菜制品及加工工用具共500件(份),无菌采样后2h内送实验室检测,检测指标包括菌落总数、大肠菌群和致病菌.若有1项微生物指标不合格则判定该样品卫生微生物指标不合格.结果 凉拌菜卫生微生物合格率低于熟肉制品,分别为31.2％、50.8％;砧板卫生微生物合格率低于餐具和刀具,三者分别为32.5％、68.1％、45.0％.大、中、小型餐饮单位微生物检测合格率分别为74.3％、29.4％和46.7％.金黄色葡萄球菌为主要的检出致病菌.结论 餐饮单位凉菜制品和工用具卫生微生物污染不容乐观,凉菜成品和制作过程应是餐饮单位监督的重点.

Objective To understand the microbial pollution situation of fresh fruit juice manufactured by catering business in Gusu district of Suzhou. Methods Totally 117 item fresh fruit juice and operative appliance were sampled by sterile operation in catering business from 2013 to 2014, the microbial pollution index included aerobic bacterial count, fecal coliform count and pathogenic bacteria. Results Pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and mycete were found from fresh fruit juice. Qualified rate of fresh fruit juice for aerobic bacterial count, fecal coliform count and pathogenic bacteria were 93.0%, 68.4% and 84.2%, respectively. Sanitation qualified rate of fresh fruit juice was higher in 2014 than 2013, the rates were 73.3% and 48.2% respectively. Sanitation qualified rate of sanitary cup was 100%. Qualified rate of juice extractor for aerobic bacterial count, pathogenic bacteria and fecal coliform counts were 100%, 100% and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusion Fresh fruit juice can be easily polluted by microbial, so more supervision and administration should be taken to catering business.

Objective:To describe the public health requirement and its influencing factors among community residents in some district of Suzhou. Methods:A self-administeredquestionnaire survey was conducted among 500 residents chosen from some district of Suzhou by multistage cluster sampling.Results:465 valid questionnaires were obtained. The higher level of the requirement on public health sevice items were immunization, health examination, prevention and cure for contagious disease, et al.Multiple factor logistic regression analysis showed that the requirement was correlated with the score of health knowledge, health status ,occupation and family income.Conclusion:A series of measurements should be taken to promote the public health service in the city.Health knowledge should be communicated to promote the health of residents.

[Objective]To analyze the results of food safety supervision in school canteens of Jinchang District of Suzhou City in 2012,provide the references for further improving the food safety supervision in school canteens. [Methods]The data of on-site sanitary inspection,quantitative classification evaluation and tableware disinfection efficacy in school canteens of Jinchang District were collected and analyzed statistically.[Results]The quantitative classification evaluation was performed in 82 canteens / times, and the overall excellent rate was 41. 46%,which the kindergarten canteens showed the highest proportion that were rated outstanding. The overall qualified rate of tableware disinfection was 84. 05%,and the qualified rate in kindergartens,primary schools, middle schools and colleges was 89. 05%,82. 22%,82. 50% and 73. 75%,respectively. The qualified rate of tableware disinfection in canteens of public schools( 85. 14%) was higher than that of private schools( 78. 57%). The qualified rate of tableware disinfection in canteens sponsored by school was higher than that in contractor canteens( 89. 33% vs 70. 83%,P 0. 001). [Conclusion]The quantitative classification evaluation is helpful to improve the food safety quality of school canteens,and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision in private and contractor canteens.

Objective To study the biological effect induced by microwave(900 MHz)on heart rate,SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 of chick embryos. Methods 28 chick embryos were randomly and evenly divided into control group and exposure group. Embryos in exposure group were irradiated under 900 MHz microwave 4 h per day from day 5 to day 20 of the incubation of the embryo. Electrocardiogram(ECG)of chick embryos was measured by a noninvasive technique. The SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 of heart tissue of the embryo were examined on day 13 and day 20. Results Compared to the control group,heart rate of exposure group had no significant change on the 15th day,but degraded on the 20th day. On the 13th day,compared to the control group,the SOD activity in the exposure groups decreased significantly and the mRNA level of HSP70 increased. On the 20th day,the SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 were not significantly changed,compared to the control group. Conclusion Microwave could induce stress reaction and have effect on heart rate of chick embryo.

卫生知识培训对于确保消费环节安全,保障消费者身体健康具有十分重要的意义。历年来,从业人员培训一般采用集中时间专人授课、电教、发资料自学三种形式进行,这些传统的培训方式存在着诸多弊端。人机对话卫生知识培训系统进一步简化和规范了卫生知识教育培训考试过程,培训针对性强,形式灵活多样,培训效果显著,实现了对考试、培训、学习的高效管理,强化了对广大从业人员的宣传教育,为提高广大从业人员的卫生知识水平起到了良好的作用。

Objective To study the biological effect induced by microwave(900 MHz)on heart rate,SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 of chick embryos. Methods 28 chick embryos were randomly and evenly divided into control group and exposure group. Embryos in exposure group were irradiated under 900 MHz microwave 4 h per day from day 5 to day 20 of the incubation of the embryo. Electrocardiogram(ECG)of chick embryos was measured by a noninvasive technique. The SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 of heart tissue of the embryo were examined on day 13 and day 20. Results Compared to the control group,heart rate of exposure group had no significant change on the 15th day,but degraded on the 20th day. On the 13th day,compared to the control group,the SOD activity in the exposure groups decreased significantly and the mRNA level of HSP70 increased. On the 20th day,the SOD activity and mRNA level of HSP70 were not significantly changed,compared to the control group. Conclusion Microwave could induce stress reaction and have effect on heart rate of chick embryo.

Objective To study the subchronic toxicity of the oxidized hair dyes in mice.[Methods] Commercial oxidized hair dyes were applied onto the skin of mice once everyday for a month.During the testing period,biological effects were observed,including body weight,biochemical examination of blood,histopathology of skin,liver,spleen,lung and kidney,and bone marrow genotoxicity.[Results] As the dose increased,the blood biochemical indicators(ALT,ALP,BUN and CR) changed significantly,the weight of body and organs(liver,lung)decreased but increased for kidney.Alteration of histopathology showed that in high dose group many nuclei pyknosed in germinal cells and sebaceous gland cells, germinal cells of peri-hair follicles decreased,inflammatory cells infiltrated in coriun tissue.Compared to control and low dose group,the hair follicles decreased significantly.The DNA strand breaks were observed in the mouse bone marrow cells and epidermic cells. [Conclusion] The results suggested that potential genotoxic risks of the oxidized hair dyes could not be ruled out.

随着社会生活水平的不断提高,人们开始注重生活质量和消费质量.染发作为美容的方式之一,近年来消费人群不断扩大.城市中青少年彩色染发者逐年增多,同时中老年人群中染发者比例也呈上升趋势.最近对1916～1946年间出生的城市767名中老年人染发情况调查表明,男性染发率为16%,女性为46%,平均为34%;年平均染发次数为8次,平均染发年限为6～7年,人均累积染发次数为74次[1].随着染发剂的生产和使用规模的扩大,其潜在的健康效应也日益受到人们的关注.本文介绍近年来氧化型染发剂的毒性研究进展.

To learn the injuries on lymphocyte DNA by r-radiation, and to provide scientific basis for preventing injuries of r-radiation on human bodies.SCGE method was applied to examine the cometic rate of peripheral lymphocyte of both human and mice.It is discovered in the experiment that the cometic rate of the mice in different dose groups was significantly higher than that of the contrast group. Significant difference also exists among groups of different doses. No significant difference was found in the cometic rate in the low-dose group between different time periods. But the difference between different time periods was found in high-dose group. The cometic rate reached the climate at 16:00.[Conclusion]R-radiation can cause injuries on lymphocyte DNA with different dose reaction. It is also indicated that the sensitivity of lymphocyte on r-radiation changes with different timed of the day. Significant difference was found between r-radiation-exposed workers and the contrast group.

> 患儿男,1987年5月12日出生。生后第7天因拒乳、精神极差、哭声低及阵发性四肢和颈部肌张力增高,由北京协和医院产科转入儿科。母孕三次,第1胎人工流产;第2胎于生后6天出现肌张力增高、拒乳、反应低下、抽搐,死于呼吸衰竭;本例为第3胎,足月剖腹产,无窒息。父母非近亲。体检:足月儿外貌,反应差,哭声弱,四肢肌张力略高。颅脑超声检